Misplaced Pages

#404595

33-428: A Blue Picardy Spaniel on average is around 22–24 inches (56–61 cm) high at the withers and weighs 43–45 pounds (20–20 kg). Its coat is speckled grey black forming a bluish shade, with some black patches. The coat is flat or a little wavy with feathering on the ears, legs, underside and tail. It has strong muscled legs. It has a long broad muzzle , with thick ears covered in silky hair that usually end around

66-425: A difference in collarbone length between age groups 18–20 and 21–25 of about 6 and 5 mm (0.24 and 0.20 in) for males and females respectively. The left clavicle is usually longer and weaker than the right clavicle. The collarbones are sometimes partly or completely absent in cleidocranial dysostosis . The levator claviculae muscle , present in 2–3% of people, originates on the transverse processes of

99-527: A high level of stamina. It loves to play and is a responsive and obedient breed which thrives on human companionship. It is especially good with children. At the turn of the 20th century the area around the mouth of the River Somme was considered a paradise for hunters interested in wildfowl . Because of quarantine restrictions in the United Kingdom , British shooters would board their dogs in

132-410: A high shoulder position similar to that in modern humans . In dinosaurs , the main bones of the pectoral girdle were the scapula (shoulder blade) and the coracoid , both of which directly articulated with the clavicle. The clavicle was present in saurischian dinosaurs but largely absent in ornithischian dinosaurs. The place on the scapula where it articulated with the humerus (upper bone of

165-430: A mass of cancellous bone surrounded by a compact bone shell. The cancellous bone forms via two ossification centres , one medial and one lateral, which fuse later on. The compact forms as the layer of fascia covering the bone stimulate the ossification of adjacent tissue. The resulting compact bone is known as a periosteal collar. The collarbone has a medullary cavity ( marrow cavity ) in its medial two-thirds. It

198-403: Is also important in jumping, as the shoulder must rotate back for the horse to bring its foreleg parallel to the ground, which will then raise the animal's knees upward and get the lower part of the forelegs out of the way. Therefore, the withers have a direct impact on one of the most important points of conformation : the shoulder. In dogs , the height of the withers is often used to determine

231-416: Is associated with the pectoral fin ; they also have a bone called the cleithrum . In such fish, the paired clavicles run behind and below the gills on each side, and are joined by a solid symphysis on the fish's underside. They are, however, absent in cartilaginous fish and in the vast majority of living bony fish, including all of the teleosts . The earliest tetrapods retained this arrangement, with

264-428: Is divided into two main regions, the medial region, and the lateral region. The medial region is also known as the sternal region, it is the longest clavicular region as it takes up two-thirds of the entire shaft. The lateral region is also known as the acromial region, it is both the widest clavicular region and thinnest clavicular region. The lateral region of the shaft has two borders and two surfaces. The collarbone

297-404: Is made up of spongy cancellous bone with a shell of compact bone . It is a dermal bone derived from elements originally attached to the skull. The shape of the clavicle varies more than most other long bones. It is occasionally pierced by a branch of the supraclavicular nerve . In males the clavicle is usually longer and larger than in females. A study measuring 748 males and 252 females saw

330-415: Is the first bone to begin the process of ossification (laying down of minerals onto a preformed matrix) during development of the embryo , during the fifth and sixth weeks of gestation . However, it is one of the last bones to finish ossification at about 21–25 years of age. Its lateral end is formed by intramembranous ossification while medially it is formed by endochondral ossification . It consists of

363-446: Is the most commonly fractured bone. It can easily be fractured by impacts to the shoulder from the force of falling on outstretched arms or by a direct hit. The collarbone is a thin doubly curved long bone that connects the arm to the trunk of the body. Located directly above the first rib , it acts as a strut to keep the scapula in place so that the arm can hang freely. At its rounded medial end (sternal end), it articulates with

SECTION 10

#1732782921405

396-405: The coracoid process ). These surface features are attachment sites for muscles and ligaments of the shoulder. It can be divided into three parts: medial end, lateral end, and shaft. The medial end is also known as the sternal end. It is quadrangular and articulates with the clavicular notch of the manubrium of the sternum to form the sternoclavicular joint . The articular surface extends to

429-401: The gallbladder which is between the mid-clavicular line and the transpyloric plane . Clavicle fractures (colloquially, a broken collarbone) occur as a result of injury or trauma. The most common type of fractures occur when a person falls horizontally on the shoulder or with an outstretched hand. A direct hit to the collarbone will also cause a break. In most cases, the direct hit occurs from

462-426: The manubrium of the sternum (breastbone) at the sternoclavicular joint . At its flattened lateral end (acromial end), it articulates with the acromion , a process of the scapula (shoulder blade), at the acromioclavicular joint . The rounded medial region (sternal region) of the shaft has a long curve laterally and anteriorly along two-thirds of the entire shaft. The flattened lateral region (acromial region) of

495-719: The Picard Spaniel and Blue Picardy Spaniel Club was formed in 1907, the two different breeds of Picardy Spaniel were categorised. In France, the Blue Picardy was recognised as a separate breed in 1938. The first person to import the Blue Picardy Spaniel into Canada was Ronald Meunier of Saint-Julien, Quebec , around 1987, and the breed was then recognised by the Canadian Kennel Club effective 1 June 1995. Withers Withers are

528-660: The Picardy area, near the mouth of the Somme. This caused the infusion of English Setter blood into the local Spaniel population and developed the Blue Picardy Spaniel. While the first black, blue-grey Spaniel was recorded in 1875, it was not until 1904 when the Picardy Spaniel was first shown. This Spaniel was officially classified as a French Spaniel, and was shown at the Paris Canine Exposition. When

561-517: The addition of a diamond-shaped interclavicle between the base of the clavicles, although this is not found in living amphibians . The cleithrum disappeared early in the evolution of reptiles , and is not found in any living amniotes , but the interclavicle is present in most modern reptiles, and also in monotremes . In modern forms, however, there are a number of variations from the primitive pattern. For example, crocodilians and salamanders lack clavicles altogether (although crocodilians do retain

594-426: The body. The clavicle is the only long bone in the body that lies horizontally . Together with the shoulder blade, it makes up the shoulder girdle . It is a palpable bone and, in people who have less fat in this region, the location of the bone is clearly visible. It receives its name from Latin clavicula 'little key' because the bone rotates along its axis like a key when the shoulder is abducted . The clavicle

627-433: The dog's jump height in various dog sports . It is also often a determining factor in whether the dog conforms to the show-quality standards for its breed . Clavicle The clavicle , collarbone , or keybone is a slender, S-shaped long bone approximately 6 inches (15 cm) long that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum (breastbone). There are two clavicles, one on each side of

660-414: The form and function of the pectoral girdle. One exception is the clavicle of AL 333x6/9 attributed to Australopithecus afarensis which has a well-preserved sternal end. One interpretation of this specimen, based on the orientation of its lateral end and the position of the deltoid attachment area, suggests that this clavicle is distinct from those found in extant apes (including humans), and thus that

693-404: The horse are considered in evaluating conformation. Generally, a horse should have well-defined withers, as they are considered an important attachment point for the muscles of the torso. Withers of medium height are preferred, as high withers make it difficult to fit a saddle and are often associated with a narrow chest, and low withers (known as "mutton withers") do not provide a ridge to help keep

SECTION 20

#1732782921405

726-417: The inferior aspect for articulation with the first costal cartilage . The lateral end is also known as the acromial end. It is flat from above downward. It bears a facet that articulates with the shoulder to form the acromioclavicular joint . The area surrounding the joint gives an attachment to the joint capsule. The anterior border is concave forward and the posterior border is convex backward. The shaft

759-467: The interclavicle), while in turtles , they form part of the armoured plastron . The interclavicle is absent in marsupials and placental mammals . In many mammals, the clavicles are also reduced, or even absent, to allow the scapula greater freedom of motion, which may be useful in fast-running animals. Though a number of fossil hominin (humans and chimpanzees) clavicles have been found, most of these are mere segments offering limited information on

792-399: The lateral side towards the medial side of the bone. The most common site of fracture is the junction between the two curvatures of the bone, which is the weakest point. This results in the sternocleidomastoid muscle lifting the medial aspect superiorly, which can result in perforation of the overlying skin. The clavicle first appears as part of the skeleton in primitive bony fish , where it

825-399: The obvious difference in coat color. The Picardy has a brown coat, whereas the Blue Picardy has a black and grey coat, which was brought into the breed by the introduction of English Setter blood. Similar in the modern era due to the close similarities of the two different breed standards. The Blue Picardy is considered to be a quiet breed, but it requires a great deal of exercise, as it has

858-416: The part of a draft animal that pushes against a load . The withers in horses are formed by the dorsal spinal processes of roughly the 3rd through 11th thoracic vertebrae , which are unusually long in this area. Most horses have 18 thoracic vertebrae. The processes at the withers can be more than 30 centimetres (12 in) long. Since they do not move relative to the ground as the horse's head does,

891-410: The ridge between the shoulder blades of an animal, typically a quadruped . In many species, this ridge is the tallest point of the body. In horses and dogs, it is the standard place to measure the animal's height. In contrast, cattle are often measured to the top of the hips. The term (pronounced / ˈ w ɪ ð . ər z / ) derives from Old English wither ("against'), because the withers are

924-401: The saddle in place. More importantly, the dorsal spinal processes provide an attachment for the muscles that support the shoulder and neck. Horses do not have a clavicle , so the shoulder can freely rotate backwards. If the vertebrae of the withers are long front-to-back, the shoulder is freer to move backwards. This allows for an increase of stride length. thus increasing the horse's speed. It

957-427: The shaft has an even larger posterior curve to articulate with the acromion of the scapula. The medial region is the longest clavicular region as it takes up two-thirds of the entire shaft. The lateral region is both the widest clavicular region and thinnest clavicular region. The lateral end has a rough inferior surface that bears a ridge, the trapezoid line , and a slight rounded projection, the conoid tubercle (above

990-408: The shape of the human shoulder dates back to less than 3 to 4 million years ago . However, analyses of the clavicle in extant primates suggest that the low position of the scapula in humans is reflected mostly in the curvature of the medial portion of the clavicle rather than the lateral portion. This part of the bone is similar in A. afarensis and it is thus possible that this species had

1023-401: The tip of the muzzle. Its chest is of medium size that descends down to the same level as the elbows. Both the forequarters and the hindquarters are well muscled. Its tail typically does not extend beyond the hock and is normally straight. The breed has many similarities with the Picardy Spaniel due to the two breeds' recent history. The Blue Spaniel is described as being softer, as well as

Blue Picardy Spaniel - Misplaced Pages Continue

1056-419: The upper cervical vertebrae and is inserted in the lateral half of the clavicle. The collarbone serves several functions: Muscles and ligaments that attach to the collarbone include: A vertical line drawn from the mid-clavicle called the mid-clavicular line is used as a reference in describing cardiac apex beat during medical examination. It is also useful for evaluating an enlarged liver, and for locating

1089-442: The withers are used as the measuring point for the height of a horse. Horses are sometimes measured in hands – one hand is 4 inches (10.2 cm). Horse heights are extremely variable, from small pony breeds to large draft breeds. The height at the withers of an average thoroughbred is 163 centimetres (16.0 hands; 5 ft 4 in), and ponies are up to 147 centimetres (14.2 hands; 4 ft 10 in). The withers of

#404595