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72-519: Bluenose was a fishing and racing gaff rig schooner built in 1921 in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia , Canada. A celebrated racing ship and fishing vessel, Bluenose under the command of Angus Walters , became a provincial icon for Nova Scotia and an important Canadian symbol in the 1930s, serving as a working vessel until she was wrecked in 1946. Nicknamed the "Queen of the North Atlantic", she

144-418: A draught of 4.85 metres (15 ft 11 in). The schooner carried 930 square metres (10,000 sq ft) of sail. Bluenose ' s mainmast reached 38.4 metres (126 ft 0 in) above deck and the schooner's foremast reached 31.3 metres (102 ft 8 in). Her mainboom was 24.7 metres (81 ft 0 in) and the schooner's foreboom was 9.9 metres (32 ft 6 in). The vessel had

216-489: A purser , the captain is in charge of the ship's accounting . This includes ensuring an adequate amount of cash on board, coordinating the ship's payroll (including draws and advances), and managing the ship's slop chest . On international voyages, the captain is responsible for satisfying requirements of the local immigration and customs officials. Immigration issues can include situations such as embarking and disembarking passengers, handling crew members who desert

288-441: A waterline length of 36.6 metres (120 ft 1 in) which was 2.4 metres (7 ft 10 in) too long for the competition. Sent back to redesign the schooner, Roué produced a revised outline. The accepted revisal placed the inside ballast on top of the keel to ensure that it was as low as possible, improving the overall speed of the vessel. One further alteration to the revised design took place during construction. The bow

360-907: A "considerable increase" in the job market over the next few years. As of 2013, captains of U.S.-flagged deep sea vessels make up to US$ 1,500 per day, or US$ 80,000 to US$ 300,000 per year. Captains of smaller vessels in the inland and coastal trade earn between US$ 350 and US$ 700 per day, or US$ 65,000 to $ 180,000 per year. Captains of large ferries average US$ 56,794 annually. In 2005, 3,393 mariners held active unlimited master's licenses. 87 held near-coastal licenses with unlimited tonnage, 291 held unlimited tonnage master's licenses on inland and Great Lakes waters, while 1,044 held unlimited licenses upon inland waters only. Some 47,163 active masters licenses that year had tonnage restrictions, well over half of those being for near-coastal vessels of up to 100 tons gross tonnage . As of 2006, some 34,000 people were employed as captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels in

432-525: A "reconstruction") was built as close to the original schooner deemed necessary and launched in Lunenburg in 2013. Various subcomponents for this Bluenose II project were supplied from notable firms including the ships keel at Snyder's Shipyard in Dayspring, the ships backbone of laminated ribs at Covey Island Boatworks in Riverport and assembly of the vessel in Lunenburg. Much controversy has surrounded

504-464: A 1988 fantasy movie about young stamp collectors. Bluenose also appears on the current Nova Scotia license plate . The fishing schooner on the Canadian dime , added in 1937 at the height of fame for Bluenose , was actually based on a composite image of Bluenose and two other schooners, but has for years been commonly known as Bluenose . In 2002, the government of Canada declared the depiction on

576-432: A Bluenose quarantine bubble for training, maintenance and sailing, and its visits to ports aside from Lunenburg were restricted to at-anchors or sail-pasts. In 2007, Joan Roué, the great-granddaughter of Bluenose designer William Roué, started raising funds to build a new Bluenose . She cited the need for a new ambassador for Nova Scotia and Canada, listing the particulars at a Bluenose IV website. The name Bluenose III

648-411: A Gaffers Day for any classic sailing boat that can "hoist a spar". Up to 90 vessels from around Australia take part in sailing on Sydney Harbour in a practical demonstration of the skills and technology used in the nautical past. Sea captain A sea captain , ship's captain , captain , master , or shipmaster , is a high-grade licensed mariner who holds ultimate command and responsibility of

720-506: A crew of 20 and her hull was painted black. The vessel cost $ 35,000 to build. Bluenose was constructed by Smith and Rhuland in Lunenburg , Nova Scotia. The schooner's keel was laid in 1920. The Governor General the Duke of Devonshire drove a golden spike into the timber during the keel-laying ceremony. She was launched on 26 March 1921, and christened by Audrey Smith, daughter of

792-458: A design intended to defeat Bluenose . In 1923, Bluenose faced Columbia , another American yacht newly designed and constructed to defeat the Canadian schooner. The International Fishermen's Trophy race was held off Halifax in 1923 and new rules were put in place preventing ships from passing marker buoys to landward. During the first race, the two schooners duelled inshore, the rigging of

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864-671: A design, at the request of a group from the Armdale Yacht Club in Halifax, for a small Bluenose one-design sloop that would be both fast and elegant and could be sailed easily by two or three people. The schooner Bluenose was still afloat, but had been sold to the West Indian Trading Company for use as a freighter. The new class was given the name Bluenose to help perpetuate the memory of the great champion. The first Bluenose-class sloops were launched in

936-463: A few countries, such as UK, USA and Italy, some captains with particular experience in navigation and command at sea , may be named commodore or senior captain or captain senior grade . The term master is descended from the Latin magister navis , used during the imperial Roman age to designate the nobleman ( patrician ) who was in ultimate authority on board a vessel. The magister navis had

1008-534: A gaff rig, the CE of the mainsail may actually be overboard of the hull, in a stiff wind the craft may want to broach . Running goose winged with a balloon staysail poled out to windward will balance the CE; Nick Skeates circumnavigated Wylo II with this configuration. In light winds, or when racing, a watersail may also be set. Since 1972, the Sydney Amateur Sailing Club has regularly hosted

1080-407: A jib-headed topsail may be carried between the gaff and the mast . Gunter-rigged boats are similar, smaller vessels on which a spar (commonly, but incorrectly called the gaff) is raised until it is nearly vertical, parallel to the mast and close adjacent to it. Topsails are never carried on gunter rigs. The spritsail is another rig with a four-sided fore-aft sail . Unlike the gaff rig where

1152-443: A liaison to local investigators and is responsible for providing complete and accurate logbooks, reports, statements and evidence to document an incident. Specific examples of the ship causing external damage include collisions with other ships or with fixed objects, grounding the vessel, and dragging anchor. Some common causes of cargo damage include heavy weather, water damage, pilferage, and damage caused during loading/unloading by

1224-463: A marriage ceremony on board his ship or aircraft. He shall not permit a marriage ceremony to be performed on board when the ship or aircraft is outside the territory of the United States." However, there may be exceptions "in accordance with local laws and the laws of the state, territory, or district in which the parties are domiciled" and "in the presence of a diplomatic or consular official of

1296-406: A merchant vessel. The captain is responsible for the safe and efficient operation of the ship, including its seaworthiness, safety and security, cargo operations, navigation, crew management, and legal compliance, and for the persons and cargo on board. The captain ensures that the ship complies with local and international laws and complies also with company and flag state policies. The captain

1368-604: A state or the United States Coast Guard . If the vessel carries over six paying passengers, it must be an "inspected vessel" and a higher class license must be obtained by the skipper/master depending on the vessel's gross tons. In the Royal Navy , Royal Marines , U.S. Navy , U.S. Marine Corps , U.S. Coast Guard , and merchant naval slang, it is a term used in reference to the commanding officer of any ship, base, or other command regardless of rank. It

1440-421: A strong gale that lasted for three days. Enough damage was done to the schooner that Bluenose was forced to return to Plymouth to effect repairs. She was made seaworthy enough to sail to Lunenburg where further repairs were done. In 1936, Bluenose had diesel engines installed and topmasts removed to allow the schooner to remain on the fishing grounds year-round. In 1937, Bluenose was challenged once more by

1512-653: Is a wedding on a ship in port, under the authority of an official from that port. In works of fiction, ship captains have performed marriages in various media, including the 1951 film The African Queen , and episodes of The Love Boat , How I Met Your Mother , The Office and various Star Trek series. Master Mariner certification is regulated internationally under the STCW Convention , specifically Regulation II/2 sets out requirements for Master Mariners. Master mariners can possess either an unlimited certification/licence or one restricted based on tonnage of

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1584-410: Is also more frequently used than captain with privately owned noncommercial or semi-commercial vessels, such as small yachts and other recreational boats, mostly in cases where the person in command of the boat may not be a licensed or professional captain, suggesting the term is less formal. In the U.S., a "skipper" who is in command of a charter vessel that carries paying passengers must be licensed by

1656-455: Is difficult to set enough sail area in the Bermudan rig without a mast of excessive height and a centre of effort (CE) too high for the limited stability of the hull . Because of its low aspect ratio , the gaff rig is less prone to stalling if oversheeted than something taller and narrower. Whilst reaching , the CE being set further back, will encourage a small craft to bear up into

1728-400: Is often a pragmatic alternative to having a heavy helm. A swing keel lifted halfway is the perfect treatment for weather helm on a gaffer. The usual adjustments to mast rake, or even bowsprit length may be made to a gaffer with persistent heavy weather (or lee) helm. On a gaff-rigged vessel, any heading where the wind is within 20 degrees of dead aft is considered a run . When running with

1800-724: Is on display at the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic . In 1963, a replica of Bluenose was built at Lunenburg using the original Bluenose plans and named Bluenose II . The replica was built by Smith and Rhuland, sponsored by the Oland Company. It was used as a marketing tool for the Oland Brewery Schooner Lager beer brand and as a pleasure yacht for the Oland family. Bluenose II was sold to

1872-407: Is owned by the province of Nova Scotia, and Roué could not reach an agreement for its use on the new schooner; Roué and North Atlantic Enterprises proceeded anyway, under the name Bluenose IV . An agreement was reached with Snyder's Shipyard to build the new replica when fundraising was completed. However, as of 2009, Roué had not succeeded in raising the required funds. The effort came to an end when

1944-682: Is portrayed on the Bluenose postage stamp 50-cent issued by the Canadian government on 6 January 1929. Bluenose has been featured on a 1982 60-cent stamp that commemorated the International Philatelic Youth Exhibition. Bluenose is featured on a 1988 37-cent issue that celebrated Bluenose skipper Angus Walters. The Bluenose stamp is the MacGuffin of Tommy Tricker and the Stamp Traveller ,

2016-732: Is the UK Honourable Company of Master Mariners . The international parent and representative body is the International Federation of Shipmasters' Associations which has consultative status at the International Maritime Organization . As of 2008, the U.K. Learning and Skills Council lists annual salaries for senior deck officers as ranging from £22,000 to over £50,000 per year. The Council characterizes job opportunities for senior deck officers as "generally good" and expects

2088-427: Is ultimately responsible, under the law, for aspects of operation such as the safe navigation of the ship, its cleanliness and seaworthiness, safe handling of all cargo, management of all personnel, inventory of ship's cash and stores, and maintaining the ship's certificates and documentation. One of a shipmaster's particularly important duties is to ensure compliance with the vessel's security plan, as required by

2160-421: Is useful for those unfamiliar with the vessel to be able to identify members of the crew and their function. Some companies and some countries use an executive curl similar to that of the Royal Navy . In the United States, and in numerous other maritime countries, captains and officers of shipping companies may wear a merchant navy or merchant marine regular uniform in conjunction with their employment. In

2232-784: The Bahamas permit captains of ships registered in their jurisdictions to perform marriages at sea. Princess Cruises , whose ships are registered in Bermuda, has used this as a selling point for their cruises, while Cunard moved the registration of its ships Queen Mary 2 , Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth from Southampton to Bermuda in 2011 to allow marriages to be conducted on their ships. Some captains obtain other credentials (such as ordination as ministers of religion or accreditation as notaries public), which allow them to perform marriages in some jurisdictions where they would otherwise not be permitted to do so. Another possibility

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2304-503: The Grand Banks of Newfoundland under the command of Angus Walters, Bluenose set out to take part in her first International Fisherman's Cup . The International Fisherman's Cup was awarded to the fastest fishing schooner that worked in the North Atlantic deepsea fishing industry. The fastest schooner had to win two out of three races in order to claim the trophy. The Canadian elimination race to determine who would represent Canada in

2376-422: The International Maritime Organization 's ISPS Code . The plan, customized to meet the needs of each individual ship, spells out duties including conducting searches and inspections, maintaining restricted spaces, and responding to threats from terrorists, hijackers, pirates, and stowaways. The security plan also covers topics such as refugees and asylum seekers , smuggling, and saboteurs. On ships without

2448-471: The North Atlantic fishing fleet. The vessel was constructed of Nova Scotian pine , spruce , birch and oak and the masts were created from Douglas fir . Bluenose had a displacement of 258 tonnes (284 short tons) and was 43.6 metres (143 ft 1 in) long overall and 34.1 metres (111 ft 11 in) at the waterline. The vessel had a beam of 8.2 metres (26 ft 11 in) and

2520-465: The head hangs from a spar along its edge, this rig supports the leech of the sail by means of a spar named a sprit . The forward end of the sprit is attached to the mast but bisects the face of the sail, with the after end of the sprit attaching to the peak and/or the clew of the sail. For a given sail area a gaff rig has a shorter mast than a Bermudan rig . In short-ended craft with full body, heavy displacement and moderate ballast ratio, it

2592-528: The stevedores . All persons on board including public authorities, crew, and passengers are under the captain's authority and are his or her ultimate responsibility, particularly during navigation. In the case of injury or death of a crew member or passenger, the master is responsible to address any medical issues affecting the passengers and crew by providing medical care as possible, cooperating with onshore medical personnel, and, if necessary, evacuating those who need more assistance than can be provided on board

2664-694: The 1921 International Fishermen's Trophy race off Halifax, Nova Scotia took place in early October. A best two-out-of-three competition, Bluenose won the first two races easily. Bluenose then defeated the American challenger Elsie , for the International Fishermen's Trophy, returning it to Nova Scotia in October 1921. The following year, Bluenose defeated the American challenger Henry S. Ford , this time in American waters off Gloucester. Henry S. Ford had been constructed in 1921 based on

2736-512: The American schooner Gertrude L. Thebaud in a best-of-five series of races for the International Fisherman's Trophy. However, the financial difficulties of the owners of Bluenose almost prevented the race from going ahead. Furthermore, Bluenose ' s sailing gear had been placed in storage after the schooner had been refitted with diesel engines. It was only with the intervention of American private interests that Bluenose

2808-716: The North Atlantic had been surpassed by the fresh fish industry requiring faster vessels. In 1933, Bluenose was invited to the World's Fair in Chicago , stopping in Toronto on her return voyage. In 1935, Bluenose sailed to Plymouth after being invited as part of the Silver Jubilee of King George V . During her visit, she took part in a race with schooner-yachts, specifically designed for racing. Bluenose came third. On her return trip to Nova Scotia, Bluenose encountered

2880-505: The Province of Nova Scotia and the Canadian federal government constructed the new Bluenose II in 2013. Gaff rig The gaff enables a fore-and-aft sail to be four sided, rather than triangular. A gaff rig typically carries 25 percent more sail than an equivalent Bermuda rig for a given hull design. A sail hoisted from a gaff is called a gaff-rigged (or, less commonly, gaff rigged or gaffrigged ) sail . Gaff rig remains

2952-648: The United States, who has consented to issue the certificates and make the returns required by the consular regulations." Furthermore, in the United States , there have been a few contradictory legal precedents: courts did not recognize a shipboard marriage in California 's 1898 Norman v. Norman but did in New York 's 1929 Fisher v. Fisher (notwithstanding the absence of municipal laws so carried) and in 1933's Johnson v. Baker , an Oregon court ordered

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3024-415: The United States. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects 18% growth in this occupation, expecting demand for 40,000 shipmasters in 2016. Uniforms are worn aboard many ships, or aboard any vessels of traditional and organized navigation companies, and are required by company regulation on passenger and cruise vessels. In the passenger-carrying trade a unified corporate image is often desired and it

3096-411: The catch and then return to the ship. This was done up to four times a day. The fishing season stretched from April to September and schooners stayed up to eight weeks at a time or until their holds were full. Bluenose ' s captain and part owner for most of her fishing and racing career was Angus Walters . As Walters only had master's papers for home waters, Bluenose in some international races

3168-559: The dime to be Bluenose . Bluenose appears on a 2021 commemorative silver dollar issued by the Royal Canadian Mint , in honour of its centennial. The obverse of the coin depicts King George V, who was Canada's head of state in 1921. Bluenose and her captain, Angus Walters, were included into the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame in 1955, making her the first and only non-human inductee until 1960, when she

3240-445: The direction from which the wind is blowing (i.e. "closer to the wind"). The gaff is hoisted by two halyards : Additionally, a gaff vang may be fitted. It is a line attached to the end of the gaff which prevents the gaff from sagging downwind. Gaff vangs are difficult to rig on the aft -most sail, so are typically only found on schooners or ketches, and then only on the foresail or mainsail. A triangular fore-and-aft sail called

3312-457: The first time. Bluenose , being a Lunenburg schooner, used the dory trawl method. Lunenburg schooners carried eight dories , each manned by two members of the crew, called dorymen. From the dories, lines of strong twine up to 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) long which had 0.91-metre (3 ft) lines with hooks on the end spaced every 3 metres (9.8 ft) were released, supported at either end by buoys which acted as markers. The dorymen would haul in

3384-448: The government of Nova Scotia in 1971 for the sum of $ 1 or 10 Canadian dimes. The replica schooner is used for tourism promotion as a "sailing ambassador". In honour of her predecessor's racing record, Bluenose II does not officially race. The replica has undergone several refits to extend her life. This vessel was decommissioned and dismantled in 2010, and an entirely new Bluenose (also named Bluenose II , since Transport Canada deemed it

3456-482: The most popular fore-aft rig for schooner and barquentine mainsails and other course sails , and spanker sails on a square rigged vessel are always gaff rigged. On other rigs, particularly the sloop , ketch and yawl , gaff rigged sails were once common but have now been largely replaced by the Bermuda rig sail, which, in addition to being simpler than the gaff rig, usually allows vessels to sail closer to

3528-637: The payment of death benefits to a widow because she had established that her marriage at sea was lawful. However, in Fisher v. Fisher the involvement of the ship's captain was irrelevant to the outcome. New Jersey 's 1919 Bolmer v. Edsall said a shipboard marriage ceremony is governed by the laws of the nation where ownership of the vessel lies. In the United Kingdom , the captain of a merchant ship has never been permitted to perform marriages, although from 1854 any which took place had to be reported in

3600-513: The race with Bluenose was cancelled. In 1926, a new race was organized, which Bluenose won easily. A new American schooner was designed and built in 1929–1930 to defeat Bluenose , Gertrude L. Thebaud . She was the last schooner of her type constructed for the fishing fleet in Gloucester. In 1930 off Gloucester, Massachusetts, Bluenose was defeated 2–0 in the inaugural Sir Thomas Lipton International Fishing Challenge Cup . The second race

3672-564: The reef. The vessel broke apart on the reef. Various divers and film makers have claimed to have found the wreck of Bluenose , most recently in June 2005 by divers from the Caribbean Marine Institute searching for Henry Morgan 's ship HMS  Oxford . However, the large number of wrecks on the reef at Île à Vache and the scattered condition of the wreckage has made identification difficult. Bluenose , under full sail,

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3744-483: The right to wear the laurus or corona laurèa and the corona navalis . Carrying on this tradition, the modern-day shipmaster of some nations wears golden laurel leaves or golden oak leaves on the visor of his cap. A skipper (sometimes also serving as the helmansperson , helmsman , or driver ) is a person who has command of a boat or watercraft or tug , more or less equivalent to "captain in charge aboard ship ." At sea, or upon lakes and rivers,

3816-475: The second race. During the fourth race sailed off Boston, the topmast of Bluenose snapped, which contributed to Gertrude L. Thebaud ' s win. The fifth race, sailed off Gloucester was won by Bluenose , retaining the trophy for the Nova Scotians. This was the last race of the fishing schooners of the North Atlantic. During World War II, Bluenose remained at dock in Lunenburg. No longer profitable,

3888-483: The ship's log. A ship's master can, however, conduct a church service, regardless of any clergy aboard. Spanish and Filipino law, as narrow exceptions, recognise a marriage in articulo mortis (on the point of death) solemnized by the captain of a ship or chief of an aeroplane during a voyage, or by the commanding officer of a military unit. Japan allows ship captains to perform a marriage ceremony at sea, but only for Japanese citizens. Malta , Bermuda and

3960-443: The ship, making crew changes in port, and making accommodations for foreign crew members. Customs requirements can include the master providing a cargo declaration, a ship's stores declaration, a declaration of crew members' personal effects, crew lists and passenger lists. The captain has special responsibilities when the ship or its cargo are damaged or when the ship causes damage to other vessels or facilities. The master acts as

4032-485: The ship. There is a common belief that ship captains have historically been, and currently are, able to perform marriages. This depends on the country of registry, however, and most do not permit performance of a marriage by the master of a ship at sea. In the United States Navy , a captain's powers are defined by its 1913 Code of Regulations, specifically stating: "The commanding officer shall not perform

4104-452: The ship. Certification is given by national authorities, typically following completion of minimum necessary seatime and a course of approved training, based on the IMO model course. Many maritime countries have private or charitable organisations and associations for Master Mariners. These primarily include organisations to represent Masters in the industry. An example of a national organisation

4176-663: The shipbuilder Richard Smith. She was built to be a racing ship and fishing vessel, in response to the defeat of the Nova Scotian fishing schooner Delawana by the Gloucester, Massachusetts , fishing schooner Esperanto in 1920, in a race sponsored by the Halifax Herald newspaper. Bluenose was completed in April 1921 and performed her sea trials out of Lunenburg. On 15 April, the schooner departed to fish for

4248-459: The skipper as shipmaster or captain has command over the whole crew. The skipper may or may not be the owner of the boat. The word is derived from the Dutch word schipper ; schip is Dutch for "ship". In Dutch sch- is pronounced [sx] and English-speakers rendered this as [sk] . The word "skipper" is used more than "captain" for some types of craft, for example fishing boats . It

4320-491: The spring of 1946, just months after Bluenose was lost on a Haitian reef. The first twelve boats were constructed at the same time together by their first owners under the direction of master boatbuilder John H. Barkhouse, of Barkhouse Boatyard in Chester, Nova Scotia . Many of these original twelve boats are still actively sailed or even raced. B1 was allowed to fall into a state of disrepair, but has since been restored and

4392-683: The summer, the schooner tours the Atlantic seaboard and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, routinely stopping in ports across Nova Scotia, as well as Montreal, Quebec City and many ports of call in the United States, serving as a goodwill ambassador and promoting tourism in Nova Scotia. In the summer months, the schooner also offers onboard tours and harbour cruises. In mid-2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, Bluenose II restricted its summer tour to Nova Scotia ports. The schooner's 20-person crew formed

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4464-502: The two vessels shared the prize money and the title. The anger over the events led to an eight-year hiatus in the race. In 1925, a group of Halifax businessmen ordered the construction of a schooner designed to defeat Bluenose . Haligonian was launched that year and a race was organized between the two ships. However, while returning to port with her catch, Haligonian ran aground in the Strait of Canso . The vessel required repairs and

4536-480: The vessel due to overspending on the "refit". After further repairs ownership of the restored Bluenose II was returned to the province of Nova Scotia and she began a tour of Nova Scotia ports in the summer of 2015. Bluenose II spends much of the year tied up at the Lunenburg Foundry wharf in its home port of Old Town Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, a UNESCO World Heritage site and origin of its predecessor. In

4608-545: The vessel was sold to the West Indies Trading Company in 1942. The vessel was once again stripped of masts and rigging and converted into a coastal freighter for work in the Caribbean Sea, carrying various cargoes between the islands. Laden with bananas, she struck a coral reef off Île à Vache , Haiti, on 28 January 1946. Wrecked beyond repair, with no loss of life, the schooner was abandoned on

4680-402: The vessels coming together. However, Bluenose won the first race. During the second race, Bluenose broke the new rule and was declared to have lost the race. Angus Walters protested the decision and demanded that no vessel be declared winner. The judging committee rejected his protest, which led Walters to remove Bluenose from the competition. The committee declared the competition a tie, and

4752-412: The wind, i.e. strong weather helm . The boat builder can compensate for this at design stage, e.g. by shifting the keel slightly aft, or having two jibs to counter the effect. The gaff-cutter is in fact a very popular sailplan for small craft. The helmsman can reduce weather helm significantly, simply by sheeting out the mainsail. Sheeting out may appear to create an inefficient belly in the sail, but it

4824-411: Was controversial, as it was called off due to weather issues both times Bluenose took the lead. The following year, Gertrude L. Thebaud challenged Bluenose for the International Fisherman's Trophy. Bluenose won handily, beating the American schooner in both races. Fishing schooners became obsolete during the 1930s, displaced by motor schooners and trawlers. Salt cod , the main fishing industry in

4896-460: Was joined by Canadian hydroplane champion Miss Supertest III . That same year another honour was bestowed upon the sailing ship when a new Canadian National Railways passenger-vehicle ferry for the inaugural Yarmouth – Bar Harbor service was launched as MV Bluenose . Canadian folk singer Stan Rogers wrote a song entitled "Bluenose" celebrating the ship. It appears on his albums Turnaround and Home in Halifax (live). Roué produced

4968-412: Was later commemorated by the Bluenose one-design sloop (1946) and a replica , Bluenose II (1963). The name Bluenose originated as a nickname for Nova Scotians from as early as the late 18th century. Bluenose was designed by William James Roué , and intended for both fishing and racing. Built to compete with American schooners for speed, the design that Roué originally drafted in late 1920 had

5040-445: Was made ready for the race. Beginning on 9 October 1938, the first race, off Boston , was won by Gertrude L. Thebaud . Bluenose won the second which was sailed off Gloucester, but a protest over the ballast aboard Bluenose led to modifications to the schooner. She was found to be too long at the waterline for the competition. The alterations completed, Bluenose won the third race sailed off Gloucester, by an even greater margin than

5112-405: Was raised by 0.5 metres (1 ft 8 in) to allow more room in the forecastle for the crew to eat and sleep. The alteration was approved of by Roué. The change increased the sheer in the vessel's bow, giving the schooner a unique appearance. The design, that was accepted and later built was a combination of the designs of both Nova Scotian and American shipbuilders had been constructing for

5184-467: Was sometimes under the command of the deep sea Lunenburg captain George Myra until the schooner reached the racing port. The crew of Bluenose during her fishing career were mostly from Lunenburg but also included several Newfoundlanders . Crew were paid either by the size of the catch when they returned to port or some took a share in the vessel, known as a "sixty-fourth". After a season fishing on

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