A schooner ( / ˈ s k uː n ər / SKOO -nər ) is a type of sailing vessel defined by its rig: fore-and-aft rigged on all of two or more masts and, in the case of a two-masted schooner, the foremast generally being shorter than the mainmast. A common variant, the topsail schooner also has a square topsail on the foremast, to which may be added a topgallant . Differing definitions leave uncertain whether the addition of a fore course would make such a vessel a brigantine . Many schooners are gaff-rigged , but other examples include Bermuda rig and the staysail schooner.
34-436: Bluenose II is a replica of the fishing and racing schooner Bluenose , commissioned by Sidney Culverwell Oland and built in 1963 as a promotional yacht for Oland Brewery . Sidney Oland donated the schooner to Nova Scotia in 1971 and it has since operated as a sailing ambassador and promotional device for Nova Scotia tourism. In honour of her predecessor's record , Bluenose II does not officially race. Bluenose II
68-401: A sloop rig is simpler and cheaper, the schooner rig may be chosen on a larger boat so as to reduce the overall mast height and to keep each sail to a more manageable size, giving a mainsail that is easier to handle and to reef. An issue when planning a two-masted schooner's rig is how best to fill the space between the masts: for instance, one may adopt (i) a gaff sail on the foremast (even with
102-432: A Bermuda mainsail), or (ii) a main staysail, often with a fisherman topsail to fill the gap at the top in light airs. Various types of schooners are defined by their rig configuration. Most have a bowsprit although some were built without one for crew safety, such as Adventure . The following varieties were built: Schooners were built primarily for cargo, passengers, and fishing. The Norwegian polar schooner Fram
136-752: A UNESCO World Heritage site and origin of its predecessor. Funds for the operation of the ship are raised through charging for passage on the vessel, public donations, and sales in the Bluenose II Company Store Gift Shop (in Lunenburg), run by the Lunenburg Marine Museum Society. The schooner's mission is "to continuously promote the history and legacy of Bluenose and Bluenose II as well as the rich past and present of Lunenburg and Atlantic Canada." In this capacity, during summer months Bluenose II tours
170-460: A cabin crawl is to give passengers an idea of the space and layout of various cabin options for their next cruise. Cabin crawls are normally organized prior to a cruise, through cruise-fan websites. In spacecraft , cabins are required to fully supply food and oxygen for their crew. On missions lasting a year or longer, the cabins have to be self-sustaining, i.e. replenish their own water and oxygen. The space cabin for any long-range crewed mission
204-415: A common rig, especially in the 19th century. Some schooners worked on deep sea routes. In British home waters, schooners usually had cargo-carrying hulls that were designed to take the ground in drying harbours (or, even, to unload dried out on an open beach). The last of these once-common craft had ceased trading by the middle of the 20th century. Some very large schooners with five or more masts were built in
238-442: A descendant of the first Bluenose 's designer William Roue and current rights-holder of the design, to question whether this should even be considered the same ship . As has almost all of the rest of the ship, even the keel has been remade. The rebuild aimed to have the schooner look more like the original Bluenose with smaller deckhouses and more deck space, as Bluenose II was built with yacht accommodation as opposed to
272-517: A smaller crew for their size compared to then traditional ocean crossing square rig ships, and being fast and versatile. Three-masted schooners were introduced around 1800. Schooners were popular on both sides of the Atlantic in the late 1800s and early 1900s. By 1910, 45 five-masted and 10 six-masted schooners had been built in Bath, Maine and in towns on Penobscot Bay , including Wyoming which
306-433: A warship, it was a privileged area, separate from the rest of the ship, for the exclusive use of the captain. In large warships, the cabin was subdivided into day and night cabins (bedrooms) by movable panels, called bulk-heads , that could be removed in time of battle to leave the cabin clear for the gunners to use the stern chasers several of which were usually stationed in the cabin. On large three decker warships in
340-402: Is an enclosed space generally on a ship or an aircraft . A cabin which protrudes above the level of a ship's deck may be referred to as a deckhouse . In sailing ships , the officers and paying passengers would have an individual or shared cabin. The captain or commanding officer would occupy the "great cabin" that normally spanned the width of the stern and had large windows. On
374-714: Is considered the largest wooden ship ever built. The Thomas W. Lawson was the only seven-masted schooner built. The rig is rarely found on a hull of less than 50 feet LOA , and small schooners are generally two-masted. In the two decades around 1900, larger multi-masted schooners were built in New England and on the Great Lakes with four, five, six, or even, seven masts. Schooners were traditionally gaff-rigged, and some schooners sailing today are reproductions of famous schooners of old, but modern vessels tend to be Bermuda rigged (or occasionally junk-rigged) . While
SECTION 10
#1732801375923408-413: Is expected to be reasonably spacious, with approximately 28 cubic metres allotted to each occupant. In addition, cabins have life support systems that should have the capability to meet a variety of off-nominal conditions, including cabin fires, depressurization, and component shutdown or failure. Frequently, these conditions occur so quickly that recovery can be provided only by automatic control systems. In
442-490: The age of sail the captain's cabin was sometimes appropriated by the Admiral . The captain would be consigned to the cabin below on the middle gun-deck . In most modern warships , the commanding officer has a main cabin—the in-port cabin , often adjacent to the ship's central control room ( operations room )—and a sea cabin adjacent to the bridge . Thus, when likely to be called from sleep or attending to administration,
476-763: The Atlantic seaboard and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, routinely stopping in ports across Nova Scotia, as well as Quebec City, Montreal, Toronto and many ports of call in the United States, serving as a goodwill ambassador and promoting Nova Scotia tourism. Bluenose II has also travelled further afield, such as in 1986 when it participated in the Vancouver World's Fair. Summer activities include onboard tours, harbour cruises and deckhand experiences, as well as outreach for schools and youth groups in Nova Scotia. In
510-562: The Lunenburg marine railway followed by festivities at the nearby Fisheries Museum of the Atlantic, however due to repairs not completed, the vessel was pulled back onto land for more work. The vessel was returned to the water on 6 September 2013 to undergo dock and sea trials before being handed over to the province for tourist duty. Retrofit costs had risen to $ 19 million and the vessel still required modifications to its steering mechanism which proved unreliable and difficult to operate. In
544-575: The Thames at Lambeth, dated 1697, suggest that schooner rig was common in England and Holland by the end of the 17th century. The Royal Transport was an example of a large British-built schooner, launched in 1695 at Chatham. The schooner rig was used in vessels with a wide range of purposes. On a fast hull, good ability to windward was useful for privateers, blockade runners, slave ships, smaller naval craft and opium clippers. Packet boats (built for
578-584: The United States from circa 1880–1920. They mostly carried bulk cargoes such as coal and timber. In yachting, schooners predominated in the early years of the America's Cup . In more recent times, schooners have been used as sail training ships. The type was further developed in British North America starting around 1713. In the 1700s and 1800s in what is now New England and Atlantic Canada schooners became popular for coastal trade, requiring
612-417: The commanding officer can go to the sea cabin and thereby be able to appear at the bridge or operations room immediately. The sea cabin is sparsely equipped, containing just a bunk, a desk, and basic toilet facilities. The in-port cabin is more lavishly furnished, with separate bedroom and combination sitting room /office, and more elaborate toiletry facilities. For ships intended to act as flagships , like
646-709: The early 1700s. The name may be related to a Scots word meaning to skip over water, or to skip stones. The origins of schooner rigged vessels is obscure, but there is good evidence of them from the early 17th century in paintings by Dutch marine artists. The earliest known illustration of a schooner depicts a yacht owned by the mayors (Dutch: burgemeesters) of Amsterdam, drawn by the Dutch artist Rool and dated 1600. Later examples show schooners (Dutch: schoeners) in Amsterdam in 1638 and New Amsterdam in 1627. Paintings by Van de Velde (1633–1707) and an engraving by Jan Kip of
680-592: The fast conveyance of passengers and goods) were often schooners. Fruit schooners were noted for their quick passages, taking their perishable cargoes on routes such as the Azores to Britain. Some pilot boats adopted the rig. The fishing vessels that worked the Grand Banks of Newfoundland were schooners, and held in high regard as an outstanding development of the type. In merchant use, the ease of handling in confined waters and smaller crew requirements made schooners
714-522: The former United States Navy aircraft carrier USS Lexington —now a museum ship —the admiral also has a sea cabin (adjacent to the captain's sea cabin) and an in-port cabin, in addition to the captain's cabins. Officers normally have their own cabins—sometimes referred to as staterooms —which double as their offices. Some senior petty officers may have cabins for similar reasons. Sailors sleep in berthing spaces . In ships carrying passengers , they are normally accommodated in cabins, taking
SECTION 20
#1732801375923748-417: The guitar at the heart of the project, including two elements of the neck laminate, the top and end blocks on the guitar's interior and decorative elements on the rosette surrounding the sound hole of the instrument. Sidney Culverwell Oland sold Bluenose II to the government of Nova Scotia in 1971 for the sum of $ 1. After a number of years of managing the schooner directly, the province gave possession of
782-609: The largest mainsails in the world, measuring 386 square metres (4,150 sq ft). She has a total sail area of 1,036 square metres (11,150 sq ft). In 2004, the Bluenose Preservation Trust, with Lex McKay and Senator Wilfred Moore , donated a piece of wood from the deck of the ship to the Six String Nation project. Parts of that material now serve multiple functions in Voyageur ,
816-569: The layout of a fishing schooner. Various subcomponents for this Bluenose II project were supplied from notable firms including the ships keel at Snyder's Shipyard in Dayspring , the ship's backbone of laminated ribs at Covey Island Boatworks in Riverport and assembly of the vessel in Lunenburg. After more than 25 months of reconstruction, the partially completed hull of Bluenose II was relaunched into Lunenburg Harbor on 29 September 2012 from
850-469: The restoration was "not intended to create an authentic replica of the original Bluenose " and that the builders would not be using the plans. Large portions of the hull were chipped while other small pieces were given away at the rebuilding site in Lunenburg NS. The masts, sails, booms, gaffs, deck boxes, rigging, and some ironwork will go back onto the vessel upon completion. This has led Joan Roue,
884-504: The schooner through a consulting firm but only a small amount of the money reached the vessel. The trust maintained and operated Bluenose II until 31 March 2005, when the government of Nova Scotia placed the vessel under the management of the Lunenburg Marine Museum Society at the Fisheries Museum of the Atlantic . In a controversial move, the head of the trust, Senator Wilfred Moore , refused to release over $ 600,000 raised by
918-525: The ship to the " Bluenose II Preservation Trust". The trust's mandate was to restore the aging schooner to full operational status and continue to operate her for the people of Nova Scotia. Over the winter of 1994–95 the ship's hull was restored and she was recommissioned in May 1995. During this time Bluenose II was involved in the Sponsorship scandal when the federal government allocated $ 2.3 million for
952-560: The summer of 2016, Bluenose II renovations were completed, two years behind schedule with the final cost reaching $ 24 million. A report by the Nova Scotia Auditor General blamed mismanagement and inexperience by the province's Department of Culture and Heritage. Bluenose II spends much of the year tied up at the Fisheries Museum of the Atlantic wharf in its home port of Old Town Lunenburg, Nova Scotia,
986-456: The summer of 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, Bluenose II restricted its summer tour to Nova Scotia ports. The schooner's 20-person crew formed a Bluenose quarantine bubble for training, maintenance and sailing, and its visits to ports aside from Lunenburg were restricted to at-anchors or sail-pasts. Schooner The name "schooner" first appeared in eastern North America in
1020-428: The terminology familiar to seafarers. First-class cabins were traditionally referred to as staterooms , and today many cruise lines now prefer to refer to passenger cabins as staterooms or suites. In cruise ship terms, a cabin crawl is an event where passengers tour the cabins of fellow passengers. A cruise ship may also offer a cabin crawl of cabins or suites which did not sell for a particular sailing. The purpose of
1054-517: The trust in the schooner's name to the current operators of Bluenose II . Moore agreed to turn the trust's assets over to the province in July 2012, but did not release the financial records from the trust. In May 2009, the provincial and federal governments announced support for a major restoration of the Bluenose II to be led by the province's Tourism, Culture and Heritage Department. The project
Bluenose II - Misplaced Pages Continue
1088-423: Was launched at Lunenburg on 24 July 1963, built to original plans and by some of the same workers at Smith and Rhuland . The original captain of Bluenose , Angus J. Walters , was consulted on the replica's design. The replica was commissioned by Sidney Culverwell Oland for roughly $ 300,000 (2.5 million in 2020 Canadian dollars ) as a marketing tool for their Schooner Lager beer brand. The ship has one of
1122-526: Was projected to cost $ 14.4 million. In July 2010, the Nova Scotia government awarded a $ 12.5 million contract for the restoration of Bluenose II to a consortium of three Nova Scotia shipyards. When the ship was finally relaunched in 2012, after major delays, the final cost had risen closer to 16 million dollars, just from the Nova Scotian government. This restoration was not without controversy. Tourism, Culture and Heritage Department sources stated that
1156-510: Was used by both Fridtjof Nansen and Roald Amundsen in their explorations of the poles. Bluenose was both a successful fishing boat and a racer. America , eponym of America's Cup , was one of the few schooners ever designed for racing. This race was long dominated by schooners. Three-masted schooner Atlantic set the transatlantic sailing record for a monohull in the 1905 Kaiser's Cup race. The record remained unbroken for nearly 100 years. Deckhouse A cabin or berthing
#922077