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73-653: The Black Cat Track or Trail is a rough overland track in Morobe Province , Papua New Guinea . It runs from the village of Salamaua on the coast of the Huon Gulf , south into the mountains to the township of Wau . In the 21st century despite being a difficult journey it became a hiking destination for international trekkers. The name is taken from the Black Cat Gold Mine in Wau. It is also known as

146-520: A B-26 Marauder had repercussions throughout the Pacific theater. Sent as an observer, with instructions to report up the line to Roosevelt, to Congress, and to the Navy brass that the conditions in the Pacific were deplorable, the men had third–rate equipment to fight Japan's first class planes. The effort needed another 6,800 trained and experienced men, plus better supplies, provisions, and generally

219-605: A Member of the National Parliament . There is one provincial electorate and each district is an open electorate. Lae Lae ( / ˈ l ɑː eɪ , ˈ l eɪ i / )( German : Preußen-Reede , later Lehe ) is the capital of Morobe Province and is the second-largest city in Papua New Guinea . It is located near the delta of the Markham River on the northern coast of Huon Gulf . It

292-602: A Mission station at Sattelberg , 700 metres (2,297 ft) in the highlands. In 1890 and 1891, he built the Sattelberg Mission Station there and constructed a road approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) between the station and the Finsch harbor ( Finschhafen ), which cut the traveling time from three days to five hours. In 1885, Lutheran and Catholic congregations sent clergy to establish missions, who experienced moderate, but very slow, success with

365-628: A governor, who was assisted after 1904 by a nominated Government Council. When the Imperial Government took over the running of the colony in 1899, its overriding objective was rapid economic development, based on a German- controlled plantation economy. In April 1911, Dr Wegener , director of the Meteorological Observatory in Apia , stated he was on his way to German New Guinea, to make preliminary arrangements for

438-674: A gun, but again the attack failed. On 7 May, they attacked again, but again were driven back. Then on 9 May, the Japanese launched their own attack in the Pimple area. They surrounded the foremost Australian Company and started closing in. The Australians were not relieved until the afternoon of 11 May. By this time they had withstood eight attacks from parts of two Japanese battalions. The following day, they took The Pimple, supported by field guns, where before there had been only two mountain batteries. The 2/3rd battalion had been pressing along while

511-720: A higher priority in the war effort. The Lae War Cemetery is located adjacent to the Botanical Gardens in the center of the city of Lae. The cemetery was begun in 1944 by the Australian Army Graves Services, and the Commonwealth Graves Commission assumed responsibility for it in 1947. The Lae Memorial commemorates 300 men of the Australian forces (including Merchant Navy, Royal Australian Air Force, and

584-728: A major supply base. After a few months had passed, they made their final attempt at Port Moresby , the Black Cat Trail. If they could capture the Allied Air Base in Wau, they could launch an offensive on the capital that would have overwhelmed the Australians, Americans, and Papua New Guinea Militia stationed there. The Japanese attacked in force, but the Australian 17th Brigade, under Major-General Stanley Savige , held out until reinforcements (The three independent companies 2/3rd, 2/5th and 2/7th) arrived. Then on 23 April,

657-542: A mining right for the area and shortly after formed a syndicate called Guinea Gold (No Liability) . The Guinea Gold syndicate formed Guinea Airways Limited in November 1927. In 1927 Levien arranged for the construction of the airstrip at Lae to assist the gold mine productions around Wau . Lae was declared a town under the New Guinea Boundaries Ordinance on 31 March 1931 at the height of

730-593: A series of journeys by balloon across the mainland, the purpose of which was to make aerial surveys. In late 1913, the Imperial Colonial Office appointed Hermann Detzner to lead an expedition to survey the border between the British protectorate, called Papua and the German territory and to survey and map the interior. Detzner, an Austrian, was a military surveyor. The expedition set off along

803-557: Is a 19-bed facility with 1 emergency bed. It is staffed by 6 doctors, one general practitioner, an anesthesiologist, a surgeon, a radiologist, and two obstetricians. Doctors come from a number of countries, nurses are local nationals. There is also a public hospital called Angau Memorial Hospital located on Markham Road. There was a significant outbreak of cholera based in the Morobe District in 2009 and consideration of vaccination would be prudent. Three domestic airlines serve

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876-536: Is a main referral hospital for the general Morobe Province area, as well as the other provinces connected by road link. It contains the only Radiotherapy facility in the country and thus serves as the main referral centre for cancer patients. Nadzab Airport is located 56 kilometres (35 mi) outside Lae City, along the Highlands Highway , next to the Markham River. Local buses operate to and from

949-498: Is an Urban Municipal Authority, responsible for the policy decisions, management and administration of the city, by way of providing the municipal services to the residents of the city. The Lae Urban Local-Level Government is a third-tier government. The political structure consists of the Lord Mayor as the head, who is elected by the people, with five elected, and three nominated Councilors. The six elected Councilors representing

1022-622: Is at the start of the Highlands Highway , which is the main land transport corridor between the Highlands Region and the coast. Lae is the largest cargo port of the country and is the industrial hub of Papua New Guinea. The city is known as the Garden City and home of the Papua New Guinea University of Technology . Lucas (1972) divides the history of Lae into four periods; the mission phase (1886–1920),

1095-534: Is caught in a giant geological vise and the seismic hazard is significant. More than 15 years of measurements have been analysed with results indicating how rapidly Lae city and its survey network is deforming. The Ramu-Markham Fault Zone, which follows the northern edge of the Markham Valley, is the active plate boundary between the South Bismarck plate and tectonostratigraphic terranes within

1168-465: Is part of the Australasian realm . Through eco-tourism , the province capitalizes on its spectacular scenery, readily accessible diving locales, and its mountains and jungles to offer tourists rich experiences in coral reef, rain forest, sub-alpine and alpine and tropical habitats. The province's jungles and forests are also popular for viewing over 1,000 of species of birds and mammals , including

1241-727: Is strategically located in that it can supply the Highlands, Islands, Southern and Momase regions. Large businesses include: Lae City boasts of having the best food market in Papua New Guinea. This is due to the fact that the Morobe Province produces the best taros, bananas, sweet potatoes , yams, fruits and vegetables etc., which have been sought after by many Papua New Guineans as well as expatriates. The Lae Main Market also receives and sells foodstuff and vegetables from

1314-660: The Austronesian family of languages predominate. However, in some inland areas such as Wau, both Kâte and Yabem were introduced by mission groups coming from different directions. Today, English, and especially Pidgin English , are the common urban languages in Lae. The Province sends nine members to the national parliament , and has 14 members of the Tutumang the provincial assembly. Tutumang means "the coming together," and

1387-622: The Intertropical Convergence Zone than the trade winds and with no cyclones so equatorial. The area experiences an extraordinary amount of precipitation, averaging roughly 4,500 millimetres (180 in) of rainfall annually. In fact in no month does Lae, on average, see less than 200 millimetres (7.9 in) of precipitation. Temperatures show little variance during a typical year in the city, with January temperatures averaging roughly 28 °C (82 °F) and July temperatures averaging 25 °C (77 °F). Lae

1460-602: The Neuendettelsau Mission Society , sailed to Simbang in Finschhafen , Kaiser-Wilhelmsland and arrived at Lae shortly after. The mission society provided clergy and religious education for Lutheran settlements in Missouri, Iowa and Ohio, Australia, and anywhere else "free thinking" Lutherans had settled. After World War I, Eastern New Guinea came under British control (Australia) and many of

1533-564: The Trans-New Guinea language family . During the 20th century, two well-studied local languages, Kâte and Yabem , were used for the purposes of evangelisation by the Lutheran Church, based in Finschhafen . In theory, Kâte was intended for use in the mountainous hinterlands, where Papuan languages are spoken, and Yabem in coastal and lowland areas, particularly along the coast and in the Markham Valley, where speakers of

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1606-519: The 15th brigade headquarters and another battalion of that brigade started arriving in Savige's area. In mid June, the allies started acting as if they were going to attack Salamaua, but really the target was Lae, on the other side of the Huon Gulf. The Japanese fell for this and on the 19th and 20th, they seemed to anticipate an attack, and started patrolling aggressively. The plan worked as planned, but

1679-767: The 1980s and 1990s. Lae is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire and geologic instability has produced numerous faults , resulting in earthquakes. Lae sits between the larger Indo-Australian plate and the Pacific plate on the South Bismarck plate in the Ramu-Markham Fault Zone where the New Guinea Highlands Deforming Zone and South Bismarck tectonic plates are converging at up to 50 mm/yr. The city

1752-479: The 2/7th tried to take The Pimple, and in early May, they came to the Bobdubi Ridge. Seeing that it was only lightly held, they attacked it, and captured it on 4 May. They then held off all Japanese trying to retake it. From Bobdubi, the 2/3rd battalion severely harassed the Japanese. Their tactics were so successful that Major-General Savige had to tell them not to attempt too much, as "premature commitments in

1825-620: The Archipelago. In 1884, the German New Guinea Company was founded in Berlin by Adolph von Hansemann , Dr Otto Finsch and a syndicate of German bankers for the purpose of colonizing and exploiting resources on Neu Guinea ( German New Guinea ), where German interest grew after British Queensland 's annexation of part of eastern New Guinea . Von Hansemann's task was to select land for plantation development on

1898-523: The Australian Army) who lost their lives and have no known grave. It contains 2300–2800 burials, of which 444 are unidentified. After the World War 2, Morobe Province was in a neglected state with the main economic activity being the collection and sale of war disposal equipment. The expatriate population looked at expanding the agricultural sector. The Australian Minister of Territories

1971-462: The German perspective, made the accuracy of the border essential. The first European to spend any length of time in Morobe was Russian biologist Nicolai Miklouho-Maclay . He arrived at Astrolabe Bay, south of the present site of Madang, in 1871 and stayed for 15 months before leaving to regain his health, 1874 John Moresby on HMS Basilisk sails along Huon Gulf and names Parsee Point (Salamaua),

2044-483: The German settlers. Mount Lunaman and the Lae urban area have been the subject of several tectonic studies relating to plate shift. Mount Lunaman was an important landmark for both Japanese and the Allies: After the war it was believed that Mount Lunaman contained the remains of many Japanese soldiers who defended Lae using tunnels: The Lae City Council is also known as Lae Urban Local-Level Government. It

2117-469: The Germanic names were replaced by English or indigenous ones. Adolf Haven was then referred to as Morobe Harbour. Australian officials or kiaps were stationed at various locations within the area and in 1921 the military administration transitioned to a civilian administration, a gold prospector named Cecil John Levien was appointed District Officer (Kiap) of Morobe. On 1 January 1923 Levien acquired

2190-676: The Highlands Provinces. Apart from Lae Main Market, wards and mini-markets are also available to cater for the needs of the growing population of the city. The Papua New Guinea University of Technology is based 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) outside Lae and is the second largest university in PNG after its 'sister' university the University of Papua New Guinea in Port Moresby . While University of Papua New Guinea concentrates on

2263-669: The Japanese. They had tried to take Port Moresby by sea, but were defeated in the Battle of the Coral Sea . Now they were going to take it by land. They tried to take the capital by going over the Owen Stanley mountain range , by the Kokoda Track , basing the operation out of Salamaua. They almost made it this time but were pushed back 30 miles short of the city, in a series of bloody battles. After this they converted Salamaua into

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2336-573: The Lae. Under German administration, Morobe (meaning post) was named Adolfhafen for the German Deutsch Neuguinea-Kompagnie's Adolf von Hansemann and German word hafen ( heɪfən ) meaning port ) and was an outpost of the Deutsch Neuguinea-Kompagnie era. It was located close to the border of British New Guinea. While there have been various attempts to examine the history of Morobe Province,

2409-772: The Langimar-Watut divide, and traveled by raft down the Watut River to its junction with the Markham River , and on to the Lutheran Mission station at Gabmadzung On 4 August 1914, Britain declared war on Germany. As World War I spread to the Pacific, Australian troops invaded German New Guinea, taking the German barracks in Herbertshöhe (present day Kokopo ) and forcing the defending German colonial troops to capitulate on 21 September after their defeat at Bita Paka . On 6 August 1914, residents of

2482-671: The Markham, Rawlinson Ranges, and explores around the Markham mouth, and meet up with people along the coast; who according to him seem to have met white men before. In the 1870s and 1880s German commercial firms began to site trading stations in New Guinea . Agents of J.C. Godeffroy & Sohn reached the Bismarck Archipelago from the Caroline Islands in 1872. In 1875 Hernsheim & Company moved to

2555-510: The Morobe Province depends on the production and harvesting of cocoa , coffee , copra and sugar , and tropical fruits (bananas, coconuts). Oil and gas industries are emerging, as is new mining and energy industry. Deteriorating roads and the lack of manufacturing and transportation/communication infrastructure impedes economic development. The Hidden Valley mine is a gold and silver mine built by Harmony Gold from South Africa over 2006 to mid-2009, with Newcrest from Australia buying into

2628-417: The New Guinea Highlands Deforming Zone. The Ramu-Markham Fault Zone has generated large thrust earthquakes (e.g. 6 April 1999 MW 6.4, 16 km North of Lae, near Hobu, and 22 November 2007 MW 6.8, 110 km North of Lae). Geological evidence suggests that major earthquakes in pre-historic times have occurred in the Lae area, and that there is the potential for another large earthquake to occur anytime within

2701-545: The Pacific including Yap , Nauru , Samoa , and at Bita Paka , in German New Guinea. The German protectorate was overrun by British-Australian troops. In 1918, as part of the settlements ending World War I , Kaiser-Wilhemsland was administered by the Commonwealth of Australia , a British dominion . In 1918, Kaiser Wilhelmsland and the other territories that comprised German New Guinea (New Pomerania and

2774-546: The Protectorate were notified by proclamation that a state of war existed between Germany, and England, France and Russia. During this time Detzner continued surveying and avoiding allied forces. On 11 November 1918, Detzner was advised that the war had ended and surrendered himself at Finschafen complete with sword and sun helmet. He was interned at Sydney and returned to Germany. Under German New Guinea, powerful wireless stations were constructed at strategic points in

2847-679: The Province maintains that name for its assembly, as is permitted under the Organic Law on Provincial Government and Local Government. From the 2022 National Election the Morobe Governor is Luther Wenge . Each province in Papua New Guinea has one or more districts, and each district has one or more Local Level Government (LLG) areas. For census purposes, the LLG areas are subdivided into wards and those into census units. The province

2920-584: The Province. The former German administrative center, Adolfhaven, was renamed the Morobe Patrol Post and a Sub-District headquarters established in Kaiapit and Kainantu and District headquarters established in Lae and patrol posts established in Wantoat and other areas in the province During the 1960s the kiap became more like a magistrate , moving away from law enforcement . Morobe province

2993-461: The Salamaua area could not be backed at present by an adequate force." Then on 14 May, the Japanese launched a full-scale attack, supported by guns and mortars, forcing the Australians to withdraw. On the 15th, over 100 Japanese planes attacked Australian positions in three raids, and on the 17th and 18th they raided the Wau airdrome. In late May the 2/6th battalion arrived to relieve the 2/7th, and

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3066-598: The Skindawai Track. The track started out in the 1920s and 30s as a trail for prospectors seeking to get rich on the gold in Wau. They traveled from the port Salamaua on a treacherous 3 to 4-day hike through leech -infested territory, a trail that recently has been described as "suitable only for masochists and Israeli Paratroopers". Before Errol Flynn (who grew up in Australia and New Guinea) became an actor in 1933, he hiked this trail and commented that it

3139-816: The United States. She was never seen again. When the volcanic eruptions occurred in Rabaul in 1937, a decision was made to transfer the capital of the Territory of New Guinea to Lae. World War II impeded the transfer and the town was occupied by the Empire of Japan on 8 March 1942. Lae, Rabaul and Salamaua became the major Japanese bases in New Guinea. The naval Battle of the Bismarck Sea in March 1943

3212-470: The Vanda Restaurant, Luluai's Italian Restaurant and Kokomo Coffee Shop. Lae War Cemetery was established in 1944, and is located adjacent to the Botanical Gardens in the centre of the city. The cemetery holds the remains of over 2,800 soldiers, many of whom died in the Salamaua–Lae campaign , but also those who died in Japanese detention on the Island. It is also the resting place of two Victoria Cross recipients. Lae Botanic gardens are not always open to

3285-472: The allies didn't attack until early September. On 26 August, General Milford relieved Savige, with his 5th division headquarters. Salamaua was captured on 11 September 1943, a week after the Lae offensive began. Five days later Lae was taken. The Black Cat Track is a tough course recommended only for "very fit and experienced trekkers". On 10 September 2013 a trekking expedition was attacked by bandits known as Rascals . Two expedition porters were killed in

3358-442: The allies struck back along the trail, taking it until the hills called The Pimple, and Observation Hill. The Japanese were firmly entrenched there. The 2/7th attacked The Pimple, with mortar support, after it had been strafed by four aircraft, but the Japanese were too firmly entrenched, and the Australian advance was halted. The next day, they attacked again, supported by aircraft and the 1st mountain battery, limited to fifty rounds

3431-572: The arts, pure sciences, law and medicine, the University of Technology focuses on research in technological or applied sciences. It is the only technological university in the South Pacific , outside Australia and New Zealand. Lae International Hotel is an important conference centre and has hosted some notable political figures over the years. Lae International Hotel ( 6°43′50″S 147°0′21″E  /  6.73056°S 147.00583°E  / -6.73056; 147.00583 ) has 100 rooms, furnished with wooden furnitures and 4 luxury suites. It contains

3504-583: The attack, and another died from the effects of wounds inflicted during the attack. Six people were arrested. The expedition's porters were targeted much more than the international trekkers, and the attack is believed to have been caused by a grudge related to money and the hiring of porters from different villages along the trekking route. 7°03′39″S 147°02′38″E  /  7.0609°S 147.0438°E  / -7.0609; 147.0438 Morobe Province The Morobe Province takes its name from former German administration center of Morobe southeast of

3577-428: The city, in addition escorted secured transfers are available for transport into the city. From Port Moresby, Lae is accessible only by domestic flights. Air Niugini, Airlines of Papua New Guinea (also known as "Airlines PNG") and Travel Air "Mangi lo Ples" services the Port Moresby-Lae route. Visitors must ensure that they have proper health insurance. Lae International Hospital is of good developing world standard. It

3650-456: The colourful emperor bird of paradise , the flightless cassowary and varieties of macropods , including the tree-kangaroo and over 15,000 species of plants. The Huon Peninsula, which comprises most of the provincial land-mass, is a unique montane eco-region that offers a variety of plants and conditions found nowhere else in the world. Its coral reefs and volcanic inlets are home to thousands of species of fish and oceanic life that thrive in

3723-471: The early 17th century, and the visible mountain ranges named by British admiralty navigators later in the century. Most German surveying efforts had focused on coastal regions and river basins, where Germans had established plantations. The boundary between Papua and Kaiser Wilhelmsland had been established by a joint British-German expedition in 1909, the interior had not been mapped. Since then, Papuan gold prospectors had crossed into German territory which, from

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3796-421: The establishment of a German protectorate in the New Britain Archipelago and north-eastern New Guinea. In 1885 and 1887, Johann Flierl established missionary stations in Simbang and Timba Island . After malaria epidemics in 1889 and again in 1891 killed almost half of the European settlers on the coast in Finschhafen, many of the Europeans moved toward Friedrich Wilhelmshafen (now Madang ). Flierl established

3869-429: The fall of Lae on September 16, 1943, in Operation Postern . The campaign was notable not only for its classic defense maneuvers at the Landing at Nadzab and the brutal hand-to-hand combat at Salamaua; Lyndon B. Johnson , the 36th President of the United States, saw his sole 13 minutes of combat on a bombing mission over Lae. Although the plane he was supposed to fly was shot down, with no survivors, his flight in

3942-471: The final months of the war in the Australian-American New Guinea campaign . District officers and patrol officers, known as Kiaps provided administrative functions as a one-man representative of the government, taking on policing and judicial roles as well as more mundane tasks as completing censuses. The Kiaps were commissioned as officers of the Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary and Magistrates. Patrol posts were established in populated areas around

4015-423: The gold phase (1926 until World War II), the timber and agricultural phase (until 1965) and the industrial boom (from 1965) with the opening of the Highlands Highway. Between 1884 and 1918 the German New Guinea Company established trading posts in Kaiser Wilhelmsland , German New Guinea and on 12 July 1886, a German missionary, Johann Flierl , a pioneer missionary for the Southern Australian Lutheran Synod and

4088-407: The gold rush era and Lae became the prototype for New Guinean towns built up around airstrips . The Europeans lived to the East of Lae Airfield while the New Guineans lived to the West. Cargo arrived in Lae and then was transported by air to the goldfields in Wau . In July 1937, Lae made world news when American aviator Amelia Earhart was last seen flying out of the airport on her way back to

4161-458: The indigenous peoples. Missionaries and plantation owners alike were limited by tropical diseases, travel, and communication barriers. German colonial rule in New Guinea lasted for a period of thirty years, For the first fifteen years the colony was administered under imperial charters by a private company, in the manner of the old British and Dutch East India company . From 1899 to 1914, the Imperial Government administered German New Guinea through

4234-417: The islands of the Bismarck Archipelago) were administered by the Commonwealth of Australia. Beginning in 1920, Australia, under a mandate from the League of Nations , governed the former German territory of New Guinea. It was administered under this mandate until the Japanese invasion in December 1941 ( Operation Mo ). Most of the territory of New Guinea, was occupied by Japanese forces before recapture during

4307-469: The next 100 years (in). Mount Lunaman is 96 metres (315 ft) high and has a radio tower at the highest point marked by red fixed obstruction lights to assist navigation. At the base of Mount Lunaman at the southern and south-eastern face are the suburbs of Voco Point and Chinatown. The terraces are located to the West of Mount Lunaman. Mount Lunaman is known to the locals as Lo' Wamung , which means "first hill", Hospital Hill and Fortress Hill by

4380-432: The north-east coast of New Guinea and establish trading posts. Its influence soon grew to encompass the entire north-eastern part of New Guinea and some of the islands off the coast. Most of the German settlers to Kaiser-Wilhelmsland were plantation owners, miners, and government functionaries, and the number of European settlers, including non-Germans, was never very high. On 19 August 1884, Chancellor Bismarck ordered

4453-413: The population (children) depend on twenty percent of the population (adults) for economic support, and population continues to grow at about 2.8 percent per year, which is higher than other developing countries. The population of Morobe speak over 100 languages, representing 27 language families. The majority of the indigenous Papuan languages of Morobe Province belong to the Finisterre-Huon branch of

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4526-419: The project in mid-2008 to form the Morobe Mining Joint Venture or ‘MMJV’ (shared 50-50%). The MMJV operates the Hidden Valley mine and all exploration work on MMJV tenements, which includes the large Wafi-Golpu copper-gold deposit. The relative youth of the Morobe province population puts an increasing strain on schools and education services to combat illiteracy and its accompanying problems. Eight percent of

4599-409: The public. There is an old Australian Aeroplane in the centre of the gardens. The Bumbu river starts at the Adzera Mountain range, through Taraka to Kamkumung, Hengali, Butibam , and to the Huon Gulf . Following a flood in 1992, the population was relocated to a temporary settlement called Tent Siti (City). Angau General Hospital is located in the central Lae area next to the old Lae Airfield . It

4672-432: The reefs and wrecks. In 2009, the YUS Conservation Area has been established in the northern part of the Huon Peninsula . YUS stretches over 760 km and includes three rivers: Yopno, Uruwa and Som, after which it was named. It is a critical habitat for the endangered matschie's tree-kangaroo . Morobe Province's economy has grown at the rate of approximately two percent per annum since 2006. The economic base of

4745-426: The roads have deteriorated over the years. In recent years PNG, including Lae [3] has been experiencing problems with electricity supply. [4] . In May 2023 a memorandum of agreement between AG Investment and the Morobe Province Development Authority was signed for the Finschhafen District Hydropower Project. [5] Lae features a tropical rainforest climate under Köppen's climate classification , more subject to

4818-443: The six Wards in the city. The nominated Councilors represented the Chamber of Commerce, the Workers Federation Union, and the Women, Youth and Churches. The Lae City has 137 kilometers of roads, which the National Government is responsible for the maintenance of the Independence Drive, the Markham Road, and the Milford Haven Road, while the Lae City Council maintains the rest of the roads in the city. Due to lack of funding, almost all

4891-469: The town fell to the Allies on 16 September. In 1971 the Australian Colonial Administration established the first properly constituted Local Government of Lae town and in 1972 Lae was proclaimed a city. Lae's development after the war is directly linked to the development of the highlands. Coffee and tea were being grown and a port was needed. Later priority was given on road access, and the Highlands Highway came into existence. The mineral boom occurred in

4964-470: The works of Ian Willis and Phillip Holzknecht can be summarised below; The largest part of northeastern New Guinea in German New Guinea ( German : Deutsch-Neuguinea ) was called Kaiser-Wilhelmsland , named in honour of Wilhelm II , the German Emperor and King of Prussia . From 1884 until 1918, the territory was a protectorate of the German Empire The coastline of the northern and eastern portions of New Guinea had been charted by navigators in

5037-423: Was Mr. Eddie Ward who refused to allow any land purchases. Following a change of government, Mr. Percy Spender changed this policy, and the introduction of the Ex-Servicemen's Credit Scheme resulted in a significant increase in agricultural activity through all of the country. In 1970 mineral exports were a mere 1 percent of total exports. Within 2 years, this figure had risen to 55 percent. Papua New Guinea

5110-443: Was a key campaign site during World War II. The Japanese had established strong supply bases in the towns of Lae and Salamaua in 1942. The Salamaua-Lae campaign of the following year was a series of actions in which the Australian and United States forces sought to capture the two Japanese bases. The campaign to take the area began with the Australian attack on Japanese positions near Mubo, on 22 April 1943 and ended with

5183-403: Was a rigorous march through leech-infested jungle, in constant fear of ambush, and lying awake at night wondering "whether that crawly sound you heard a few feet away might be a snake, a cassowary or maybe only a wild boar razorback ... I have seen Central Africa , but it was never anything like the jungle of New Guinea." On 8 March 1942 in World War II , the town of Salamaua was captured by

5256-463: Was fought over the Japanese attempt to reinforce Lae with troops sent by sea from Rabaul , an attempt foiled by sustained Allied attack on the Japanese troop transports. In mid-1943, after defeats in the Kokoda Track campaign , the Battle of Buna–Gona and the Battle of Wau , the Japanese retreated to Lae and Salamaua. However, the Salamaua–Lae campaign involved many weeks of fierce fighting, before

5329-406: Was governed by a decentralised provincial administration, headed by a Premier, from 1978 to 1995. Following reforms taking effect that year, the national government reassumed some powers, and the role of Premier was replaced by a position of Governor, to be held by the winner of the province-wide seat in the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea . The province and each district is represented by

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