Black Muscat (or Muscat Hamburg ) is a red Vitis vinifera grape variety derived from the crossing of the Schiava Grossa and Muscat of Alexandria by Seward Snow, Head Gardener to Earl de Grey at Wrest Park , Bedfordshire UK in 1850, according to the Vitis International Variety Catalogue. It is known under a variety of local names such as Golden Hamburg, and Black Hamburg in the US; Muscat de Hambourg (or Hamburgh) in France; Moscato di Amburgo in Italy; and Muscat Gamburgskiy in Russia and former Soviet Union countries. Confusingly, Black Hamburg is also used as a synonym for its maternal parent. It is commonly produced as table wine but in California's Central Valley it has been used in the production of dessert wine . As a dessert wine it can be highly aromatic with a rich coloring. In the US it is grown in wine appellations in California , Virginia , Oregon , Texas , and Washington . In Canada, it is also found on Vancouver Island .
31-655: In France, the grape is used chiefly as dessert grape including AOC varieties such as Muscat du Ventoux . In Eastern Europe, the grape produces a light, dry red wine. It is also starting to gain popularity as a table wine component in China. One of the world's southernmost grapevines, at the conservatory of Government House in the Falkland Islands , is of the Black Muscat variety. Horticulturist Walter Clore has postulated that this grape might have been one of
62-590: A brief one at the end of winter and a very long and pronounced one in summer ; and two rainy seasons, one in autumn, with abundant rains and one in Spring. The mistral sweeping the Rhone Valley has a beneficial influence on production. The plots are mainly located on south facing slopes, protected from the prevailing wind by Mount Ventoux and but benefiting from the drying air which reduces occurrence of mildew. The only variety authorized for this production
93-502: A minute of his lead per kilometre of the ascent. The race has finished at the summit of Mont Ventoux ten times. The finish line is at 1,910 m (6,270 ft), although in 1965, 1967, 1972 and 1974 the finish was lower, at 1,895 m (6,217 ft). Three riders have won on top of the mountain, and gone on to win the Tour; Charly Gaul in 1958, Eddy Merckx in 1970 and Chris Froome in 2013. Both Merckx and Froome won while wearing
124-478: A seven-year absence. Unusually, the riders climbed the mountain on the second-to-last day of the race, on 25 July 2009, prior to transferring to Paris for the traditional parade on the Champs-Élysées . It was next featured in the 100th Tour de France in 2013 on Stage 15. In 2016 , the stage to Mont Ventoux was shortened by 6 km (3.7 mi) the day before, after a weather forecast of high winds at
155-499: A shrine to fans of cycling, who often leave small tokens of remembrance there. In 1970, Eddy Merckx rode himself to the brink of collapse while winning the stage. He received oxygen, recovered, and won the Tour. In 1994, Eros Poli , not known for his climbing ability, stole away at the beginning of the day's stage, built up a substantial time gap from the peloton, and was first over the Ventoux and eventual stage winner despite losing
186-405: A tolerance of 1 m being paid for vineyards in place. For vines lyre, tying must exceed 1 m. Irrigation is permitted from fruit set. (When the grapes reach a size where they touch, to early July) The start of the harvest is determined by the publication of a harvesting permit, usually issued from late August. Harvesting is by hand using two sets of trays. One set of trays is for grapes suitable for
217-471: Is a French black table grape, protected by an AOC , produced from the grape variety Muscat Hamburg on the slopes of Mont Ventoux , in the department of Vaucluse . The grape has been grown in this region since ancient times. The table grapes have been produced in the foothills of Mont Ventoux since the nineteenth century . There are nearly four hundred producers in 48 municipalities of Vaucluse which annually produce 2,000 tonnes of this variety. To protect
248-402: Is located on the cantons de Mormoiron, Pernes-les-Fontaines, Malaucène, Vaison-la-Romaine, Carpentras, Bonnieux, Apt, Gordes, Cavaillon et L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue . Over 60% of the plots are irrigated . The vines are mainly grown on hillsides ground sedimentary limestone and clay - calcaires of tertiary but also on terraces of Quaternary detritus . The Mediterranean climate has two dry seasons,
279-412: Is still speculation as to the exact cause of his death. He began to wildly weave across the road before he fell down. He was delirious and asked spectators to put him back on the bike, which he rode to within a half mile of the summit before collapsing dead, still clipped into his pedals. Amphetamines were found in his jersey and bloodstream. There is a memorial to Simpson near the summit, which has become
310-501: Is the Muscat Hamburg . The vine must be trellised or on a vertical plane or in two oblique planes promoting sunshine. ( tying -called "lyre"). It is planted at a density of 2200 plants per hectare in lyre of 3000 vines/ha in vertical trellising. Plantings before the publication of the decree had until the 2010 harvest to be brought into compliance. The height of tying must exceed 1.2 m above the support wire for vertical planting,
341-592: Is the scene of one of the most grueling climbs in the Tour de France bicycle race, which has ascended the mountain eighteen times since 1951. The followed trail mostly passes through Bédoin. Its fame as a scene of great Tour dramas has made it a magnet for cyclists around the world. British cyclist Tom Simpson died on the mountain on 13 July 1967 from heat exhaustion caused by a combination of factors, including dehydration (caused by lack of fluid intake and diarrhea ), use of amphetamines , and alcohol , although there
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#1732787185456372-567: The Monts de Vaucluse , and just to the east of the Dentelles de Montmirail , its foothills. The top of the mountain is bare limestone without vegetation or trees, which makes the mountain's barren peak appear from a distance to be snow-capped all year round (its snow cover actually only lasts from December to April). Its isolated position overlooking the valley of the Rhône ensures that it dominates
403-1434: The United States ), Muscat-Hamburgh (in England), Muškat Hamburg Crni (in Croatia ), Muškat Hamburg, Muskat Hamburg crni, Stone Cold Dolomighty, Muscat noir de Hamburg, Muscat of Hamburg, Muscat rouge Foscati, Muskat Chernyi Aleksandriiskii, Muskat de Gamburg, Muskat Gamburgskii, Muskat Gamburskii, Muskat Gamburskij, Muskat Hamburg, Muskat Hambursky, Muskat Preto, Muskat Trollinger, Muskat-Trollinger, Muskateller Trollinger, Muskattrollinger, Myrodato, Myrodato Proimo, Oeillade musqué (in Gard department of France), Queen’s Arbor, Red Muscat of Alexandria, Salamanna rossa, Salisbury Violet, Siyah misket, Snow’s Seedling, Snow’s Muscat Hamburgh (in England), Tămaîioasă Hamburg (in Romania ), Tămaîioasă neagra (in Romania), Tamaioza Nyagra, Tamiioasa Hamburg, Tamiioasa neagra, Temyioasa Nyagra, Trollinger Muscateller blau, Venn’s Seedling (in England), Venn's Seedling Black Muscat (in England), Visparu Sihwarser, Zibibbo nero (in southern Italy) and Zibibbo nero Moscato. Muscat du Ventoux Muscat du Ventoux ( French pronunciation: [myska dy vɑ̃tu] )
434-506: The col des tempêtes ("storm pass") just before the summit, which is known for its strong winds. In the 10th century, the names Mons Ventosus and Mons Ventorius appear. Mont Ventoux, although geologically part of the Alps , is often considered to be separate from them, due to the lack of mountains of a similar height nearby. It stands alone to the north of the Luberon range, separated by
465-571: The 15th century, a chapel was constructed on the top and dedicated to the Holy Cross . In 1882, a meteorological station was constructed on the summit, but it is no longer in use. This observatory had been planned in 1879, along with a carriage road for access. In the 1960s, a 50-metre-tall (160 ft) telecommunications mast was built. From 1902 to 1976, the Mont Ventoux Hill Climb for car and motorcycle took place on
496-521: The AOC, the other set is for grapes that can not qualify. Chiselling, the removal of damaged grapes or immature grapes is not permitted for the AOC grapes. Only vines aged 3 years and older are eligible for the AOC. The maximum yield is 10 tonnes for vertical vines and 13 tonnes for lyre vines. In exceptional years, the yield may be decreased or increased. In the latter case, it can not exceed 12 and 15 tonnes for vertical vines or lyre. The grapes can be kept in
527-464: The Tour de France, with Alberto Contador sealing his yellow jersey. As the name suggests ( venteux means windy in French ), it can get windy at the summit, especially with the mistral ; wind speeds as high as 320 km/h (200 mph) have been recorded. The wind blows at over 90 km/h (56 mph) for 240 days a year. The road over the mountain is often closed due to high winds, especially
558-551: The entire region and can be seen from a long distance away on a clear day. Although the hill was probably climbed in prehistoric times, the first recorded ascent was by Jean Buridan , who, on his way to the papal court in Avignon before the year 1334, climbed Mont Ventoux "in order to make some meteorological observations". The Italian poet Petrarch wrote a possibly fictional account of an ascent accompanied by his brother on 26 April 1336, in his Ascent of Mont Ventoux . In
589-2496: The first Vitis vinifera varieties planted in Washington State in the early 19th century. During a series of trials between 1930 and 1935, Black Muscat was crossed with Raboso Piave to create the red Italian wine grape variety Manzoni Moscato . Over the years, Black Muscat has been known under a variety of synonyms including: Paneer (in Tamil Nadu ), Aleatico, Black Hamburg, Black Muscat of Alexandria (in England ), Black Muskat, Black of Alexandria, Blauer Hamburger Muskat, Ceuro, Chasselas Muscat Golden Hamburg, Esperione, Fekete Muskotally, Frankenthal, Gamburg, Gulabi, Golden Hamburg, Hambourg musqué (in France ), Hambro, Hamburg, Hamburg Misketi, Hamburg Musque, Hamburg's Muscat, Hamburg Moschato, Hamburgi Muskotally, Hamburgii muskotály (in Hungary ), Hamburgskii misket, Hamburski Misket, Hamburq Muskati, Hamburshi Muscat, Hamburski Muscat, Hamburski Muskat, Hampton Court Vine, Kekmuskotally, Khamburgskii, Mai-Gui-San, Malaga rouge, Malvasia near (in Liguria ), Mavro Moschato, Mei-Gun-Sjan, Misket Hamburski, Greg, Misket Siyah, Moscate di Amburgo, Moscatel de Hamburgo (in Brazil , Spain and Uruguay ), Moscatel negro, Moscatel nero, Moscatel Preto (in Portugal ), Moscatellone rosso, Moscato d’Amburgo (in Italy ), Moscato di Amburgo, Moscato nero (in Italy), Moscato nero d'Acqui (in Italy), Moscato nero di Amburgo, Moschato Amvourgou (in Greece ), Moschato Tyrnavou (in Greece), Muscat Albertient's (in Belgium ), Muscat Cernii Aleksandriiskii, Muscat d'Hambourg, Muscat d'Hamburg, Muscat de Hambourg, Muscat de Hamburg (in France), Muscat de Hamburgo, Muscat Gamburgskii, The Muscy Ruski, Muscat Gamburgskiy, Muscat Gordo Encarnado, Muscat Hambourg, Muscat Hambro, Muscat Hamburg (in
620-547: The geographical area of the AOC in a cold room (between -0.5 and 1 °C) in a humid and protective atmosphere (above 90% humidity with added Sulfur dioxide ). Marketing must be in the original packaging with the band sticker. Mont Ventoux Mont Ventoux ( French: [mɔ̃ vɑ̃tu] ; Provençal : Ventor [venˈtu] ) is a mountain in the Provence region of southern France , located some 20 km (12 miles) northeast of Carpentras , Vaucluse . On
651-472: The mountain. In road bicycle racing , the mountain can be climbed by three routes. Every year there are amateur races to climb the mountain as quickly and often as possible in 24 hours, the Ventoux Masterseries and "Les Cinglés du Mont Ventoux". On 16 May 2006, Jean-Pascal Roux from Bédoin broke the record of climbs in 24 hours, with eleven climbs, all of them from Bédoin. Mont Ventoux
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#1732787185456682-399: The north side, the mountain borders the department of Drôme . At 1,910 m (6,270 ft), it is the highest mountain in the region and has been nicknamed the "Beast of Provence", the "Giant of Provence", or "The Bald Mountain". It has gained fame through its inclusion in the Tour de France cycling race; in 2009 it was the scene of the first penultimate-day mountain top finish in
713-483: The presence of the bloom on the skin of grapes, etc. The appellation covers 100,000 hectares (250,000 acres) between Mount Ventoux and Avignon in 56 municipalities. It includes the lower slopes of Mont Ventoux , in the valley of the River Calavon and part of the Luberon . The land where grapes are grown lies on altitude slopes greater than 200 metres on the terraces of the Ventoux and the valley of Calavon It
744-541: The reputation of their growing grapes, a group of producers decided to regulate the mode of production. This approach has culminated in the award of the AOC by a Decree dated 22 August 1997 and completed by the Order of 24 October 1997 . Recognized in 1999 protected designation of origin by Europe, Muscat du Ventoux meets a very precise specification which includes the weight of the bunch (250g) sugar concentration (16-18 %), cleansing of clusters to eliminate blighted grain,
775-499: The roads of the Mont. Originally forested, Mont Ventoux was systematically stripped of trees from the 12th century onwards to serve the demands of the shipbuilders of the naval port of Toulon . Some areas have been reforested since 1860 with a variety of hardwood trees (such as holm oaks and beeches ) as well as coniferous species, such as Atlas cedars and larches . A little higher, junipers are common. The mountain comprises
806-522: The species boundary or ecotone between the flora and fauna of northern and southern France. Some species, including various types of spiders and butterflies , are unique to Mont Ventoux. It is a good place to spot the short-toed eagle ( Circaetus gallicus ). Its biological distinctiveness was recognised by UNESCO in 1990 when the Réserve de Biosphère du Mont Ventoux was created, protecting an area of 810 square kilometres (200,150 acres) on and around
837-446: The summit eight times. In 1951, the approach to the summit was from Malaucène . In 2021, the first ascent was from Sault , whilst the second was from Bédoin . In all other years, the approach has been from Bédoin . The climb by bike from Bédoin to Mont Ventoux is one of the toughest in professional cycling. The figure for the average gradients per kilometre can be found in many books and websites on cycling. The average gradient of
868-459: The summit. The stage then finished at Chalet Reynard at 1,435 m (4,708 ft), with approximately 10 km (6 mi) of ascent up the mountain. This stage also featured a motorcycle-induced crash which damaged Chris Froome 's bike, prompting him to jog some 100 metres up the mountain until he was able to get a neutral service bike (as his team car was too far back at the time), which did not fit him properly. The race has also crossed
899-452: The total climb and also the average gradients per kilometre differ slightly, depending on the source of the information. Accurate measurements result in an average gradient for the total climb of 7.43%, based on a horizontal distance of 21.765 km (13.524 mi) and an ascent of 1,617 m (5,305 ft). The actual distance ridden is 21.825 km (13.561 mi). The average gradients in each kilometre are as follows: Mont Ventoux
930-461: The yellow jersey, maintaining the overall lead until Paris. Gaul was not in yellow when he won on the Ventoux, nor did he immediately gain the maillot jaune following the victory, Gaul only taking the overall lead of the tour several stages later. In September 2008, it was announced by Claude Haut, the president of the Vaucluse province, that in 2009 the Tour de France would visit Mont Ventoux after
961-418: Was used as the first checkpoint in the 2015 Transcontinental Race , which is a non-stop, unsupported bicycle race across Europe. There are two small ski stations on the mountain: "Mont Serein" on the north side, and "Chalet Reynard" on the south. High winds and the modest elevation tend to limit the ski season. Weather conditions are such that the northern slope is often icy, leading to a saying among people of