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56-706: The BRC was founded in 1985 in New York City by Vernon Reid (guitarist for the rock band Living Colour ), Greg Tate (journalist for the Village Voice ), Dk Dyson (lead singer of Eye & I), and Konda Mason (producer), but today has members from around the world. Members that helped propel BRC at that time include but are not limited to; Chuck Mosely (lead singer, Faith no More ,1983-1988), Angelo Moore (lead singer, Fishbone ), Corey Glover (lead singer, Living Colour), Bevis M. Griffin (frontman, Banzai Kik). Many of these members were key players in

112-415: A cover charge if a live band is playing. Some jazz clubs host " jam sessions " after hours or on early evenings of the week. At jam sessions, both professional musicians and advanced amateurs will typically share the stage. In Japan, small live music clubs are known as live houses (ライブハウス), especially featuring rock, jazz, blues , and folk music , and have existed since the 1970s, now being found across

168-425: A dress code . The busiest nights for a nightclub are Friday and Saturday night. Most clubs or club nights cater to certain music genres , such as house music or hip hop . Many clubs have recurring club nights on different days of the week. Most club nights focus on a particular genre or sound for branding effects. A stadium is a place or venue for (mostly) outdoor sports, concerts, or other events and consists of

224-549: A music festival . Music venues are typically either private businesses or public facilities set up by a city, state, or national government. Some music venues are also run by non-government organizations, such as music associations. Some venues only promote and hold shows of one particular genre, such as opera houses . Stadiums, on the other hand, may show rock, classical , and world music . Music venues can be categorised by size and capacity. The smallest venues, coffeeshops and tiny nightclubs have room for tens of spectators;

280-474: A string section . Large rooms were also more common in the Swing era, because at that time, jazz was popular as a dance music , so the dancers needed space to move. With the transition to 1940s-era styles like bebop and later styles such as soul jazz , small combos of musicians such as quartets and trios were mostly used, and the music became more of a music to listen to, rather than a form of dance music. As

336-404: A combination of the two, depending on the event or time of day. Discothèques are mainly designed for prerecorded music played by a disc jockey . Live music venues have one or more stages for the performers. Venues may be unticketed, casual entry available on the door with a cover charge , or advance tickets only. A dress code may or may not apply. At some venues, the main focus is watching

392-601: A field or stage either partly or completely surrounded by a tiered structure designed to allow spectators to stand or sit and view the event. Although concerts, such as classical music, had been presented in them for decades, beginning in the 1960s stadiums began to be used as live venues for popular music, giving rise to the term " stadium rock ", particularly for forms of hard rock and progressive rock . The origins of stadium rock are sometimes dated to when The Beatles played Shea Stadium in New York in 1965. Also important

448-496: A prominent part of British , Irish , Breton , New Zealand , Canadian , South African , and Australian cultures . In many places, especially in villages, a pub is the focal point of the community. In his 17th-century diary, Samuel Pepys described the pub as "the heart of England". Most pubs focus on offering beers, ales and similar drinks. As well, pubs often sell wines, spirits , and soft drinks , meals and snacks . Pubs may be venues for pub songs and live music. During

504-423: A publicly funded music venue is a bandstand in a municipal park; such outdoor venues typically do not charge for admission. A nightclub is a privately funded venue operated as a profit-making business; venues like these typically charge an entry fee to generate a profit. Music venues do not necessarily host live acts; disc jockeys at a discothèque or nightclub play recorded music through a PA system . Depending on

560-419: A regular mailing list, an Internet radio station (BRC Radio @ Soul-Patrol.Net), and a Twitter page. 1985 in music This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1985. The following songs achieved the highest in the charts of 1985. Music venue A music venue is any location used for a concert or musical performance. Music venues range in size and location, from

616-508: A result, smaller clubs with small stages became practical. In the 2000s, jazz clubs may be found in the basements of larger residential buildings , in storefront locations or in the upper floors of retail businesses. They can be rather small compared to other music venues, such as rock music clubs, reflecting the intimate atmosphere of jazz shows and long-term decline in popular interest in jazz. Despite being called " clubs ", these venues are usually not exclusive. Some clubs, however, have

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672-539: A small coffeehouse for folk music shows, an outdoor bandshell or bandstand or a concert hall to an indoor sports stadium . Typically, different types of venues host different genres of music. Opera houses , bandshells, and concert halls host classical music performances, whereas public houses ("pubs"), nightclubs , and discothèques offer music in contemporary genres, such as rock , dance , country , and pop . Music venues may be either privately or publicly funded, and may charge for admission. An example of

728-441: A specific genre of music. A jazz club is a venue where the primary entertainment is the performance of live jazz music, although some jazz clubs primarily focus on the study and/or promotion of jazz-music. Jazz clubs are usually a type of nightclub or bar , which is licensed to sell alcoholic beverages. Jazz clubs were in large rooms in the eras of orchestral jazz and big band jazz , when bands were large and often augmented by

784-448: A stage for live music, one or more dance floor areas and a DJ booth, where a DJ plays recorded music. The upmarket nature of nightclubs can be seen in the inclusion of VIP areas in some nightclubs, for celebrities and their guests. Nightclubs are much more likely than pubs or sports bars to use bouncers to screen prospective clubgoers for entry. Some nightclub bouncers do not admit people with informal clothing or gang apparel as part of

840-426: A theater. They may range from open-air amphitheaters to ornate, cathedral -like structures to simple, undecorated rooms or black box theaters . Some theaters may have a fixed performing area (in most theaters this is known as the stage ), while some theaters, such as "black box theaters", may not. For the audience, theaters may include balconies or galleries, boxes , typically considered the most prestigious area of

896-591: Is a resource to their community of members and other organizations such as the Willie Mae Rock Camp for Girls. In 2015 the BRC celebrated their 30th anniversary throughout the month of September with "30 Years in 30 Days" that encompassed events to showcase their support. Events in Brooklyn, New York and neighboring locations ranged from a fund raiser for BRC's Original Rocker Scholarships, a vocal clinic at

952-530: Is a theatre venue constructed specifically for opera . It consists of a stage , an orchestra pit , audience seating, and backstage facilities for costumes and set building. While some venues are constructed specifically for operas, other opera houses are part of larger performing arts centers. Indeed the term opera house itself is often used as a term of prestige for any large performing-arts center. The Teatro San Carlo in Naples , opened in 1737, introduced

1008-545: Is authorized to play that music and who is authorized to listen to and talk about it." Because of this discrimination, along with the lasting effects of the Jim Crow laws, black musicians were limited in all aspects of their industry - the types of music they could play, where they could record, and where they could perform their music. Therefore, the Black Rock Coalition came together to band against racism in

1064-460: Is called an opera house . The theater serves to define the performance and audience spaces. The facility is traditionally organized to provide support areas for performers, the technical crew and the audience members. There are as many types of theaters as there are types of performance. Theaters may be built specifically for a certain types of productions, they may serve for more general performance needs or they may be adapted or converted for use as

1120-418: The progressive metal band King's X ), Spacey T, Keziah Jones , Tamar-kali, Suffrajett , Graph Nobel , Imani Coppola , David Ryan Harris , Jeffrey Gaines , Sophia Ramos, FunkFace, Pillow Theory, Apollo Heights , Avery Brooks , The Family Stand , Carl Hancock Rux , Caron Wheeler , and DJ Reborn. BRC had an active radio show in the 1980s. As of 2020 it maintains a website as well as an email list and

1176-413: The 1960s, popular culture dictated that soul music was “black” and rock was “white,” despite the fact that black artists had created the rock genre. In order to fight against these stereotypes and promote racial equality, the BRC supports and advocates performances by black musicians of musical styles publicly associated with whiteness – hard rock, heavy metal and thrash. Another one of the BRC's main goals

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1232-469: The 1970s pubs provided an outlet for a number of bands, such as Kilburn and the High Roads , Dr. Feelgood , and The Kursaal Flyers , who formed a musical genre called pub rock that was a precursor to Punk music . A nightclub is an entertainment venue and bar that usually operates late into the night. A nightclub is generally distinguished from regular bars, pubs or taverns by the inclusion of

1288-622: The 1980s, arena rock became dominated by glam metal bands, following the lead of Aerosmith and including Mötley Crüe , Quiet Riot , W.A.S.P. , and Ratt . Since the 1980s, rock, pop, and folk stars, including the Grateful Dead , Madonna , Britney Spears , Beyoncé , and Taylor Swift , have undertaken large-scale stadium based concert tours . A theater or playhouse is a structure where theatrical works or plays are performed, or other performances such as musical concerts may be produced. A theatre used for opera performances

1344-606: The 19th century contained between about 1,500 to 3,000 seats, examples being Brussels ' La Monnaie (after renovations, 1,700 seats), Odessa Opera and Ballet Theater (with 1,636), Warsaw 's Grand Theatre (the main auditorium with 1,841), Paris ' Palais Garnier (with 2,200), the Royal Opera House in London (with 2,268), and the Vienna State Opera (the new auditorium with 2,280). Modern opera houses of

1400-601: The 20th century such as New York 's Metropolitan Opera House (with 3,800) and the War Memorial Opera House in San Francisco (with 3,146) are larger. Many operas are better suited to being presented in smaller theaters, such as Venice 's La Fenice with about 1,000 seats. In a traditional opera house, the auditorium is U-shaped, with the length of the sides determining the audience capacity. Around this are tiers of balconies, and often, nearer to

1456-421: The Black Rock Coalition strives to embrace every aspect of black music, regardless of the genre being performed. The coalition itself works to document the culture and history of black music so it will be appreciated for what it is and the origins of a genre will not be lost. From the time of its creation, the Black Rock Coalition has been famous for hosting historical parties and exhibits, many of which follow along

1512-595: The Metrosonic Showroom, rehearsal space at the Funkadelic Studios for members and friends, performances by BRC's Orchestra playing tribute to Jimi Hendrix's live album Band of Gypsys at the BAMCafé, and various social events. They also hosted "Million Man Mosh 3" at The Wind Up Space featuring artists such as Tamar-kali , Thaylo Bleu, and Throwdown Syndicate. Some of the live recordings taken at

1568-550: The album cover. "If you saw a Black person on the cover, the assumption was that the music was R&B or hip-hop. It was about the look of the person on the cover as opposed to the sound inside, which created more work for the marketers." The BRC began to combat racial stereotypes through accepting the “total spectrum” of black music. During this time, society essentially assigned certain genres of music to white people, and other genres black people. Furthermore, society decided "what constitutes 'real' rock ‘n’ roll music, including who

1624-404: The back half of the shell protect musicians from the elements and reflect sound through the open side and out towards the audience. Bandstand is a small outdoor structure. A concert hall is a performance venue constructed specifically for instrumental classical music . A concert hall may exist as part of a larger performing arts center. Jazz clubs are an example of a venue that is dedicated to

1680-420: The background, such as a performance on a grand piano in a restaurant . Music venues can be categorised in a number of ways. Typically, the genre of music played at the venue, whether it is temporary and who owns the venue decide many of the other characteristics. The majority of music venues are permanent; however, there are temporary music venues. An example of a temporary venue would be one constructed for

1736-403: The barriers was through marketing their albums by strategically designing album covers. In the 1980s and 1990s, some Black rock bands such as Living Colour and Fishbone had illustrations rather than photos as their album covers. LaRonda Davis, the executive of the Black Rock Coalition, explained this was a marketing tactic used to avoid any confusion that the consumer may have off their judgment of

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1792-685: The country. The term is a Japanese coinage ( wasei eigo ) and is mainly used in East Asia . The oldest live house is Coffee House Jittoku (拾得, after the Chinese monk Shide "Foundling") in Kyoto , founded in 1973 in an old sake warehouse. Soon afterwards, the idea spread through Japan. In recent years, similar establishments started to appear in big cities in South Korea and China ; many of them are also locally called "live houses." An opera house

1848-407: The crossover of black musicians to white audiences. Steve Perry (musician) saw the phenomenon of black artists topping the “Hot 100” as positive for its integration and implications for cross-racial harmony. Nelson George (music critic) saw this as a dilution of black social and cultural power, arguing that black artist who aimed at the mainstream were forsaking the black musical tradition. Living Color

1904-603: The crossover: “don’t want to crossover / but how do I keep from going under?” The lyrics signify the desire to live a traditional American life that is portrayed in the media, but their realistic America is far from that. The BRC is governed by an executive board and an advisory board; board members have included Me'shell Ndegeocello , Bernie Worrell , 24-7 Spyz , the members of Living Colour , Bill Stephney, Craig Street , Sekou Sundiata , Chocolate Genius , Don Byron and Nona Hendryx . Artists who have participated in BRC activities include Doug Pinnick (frontman and bassist for

1960-448: The events will be included onto BRC's 8th Rock’n’Roll Reparations compilation album that highlights "songs that bring to light some of the issues that affect people and musicians of color" says BRC's executive LaRonda Davis. Additionally, the BRC documents events and concerts performed by black rock groups, and puts on educational "workshops, seminars, research, library resources, audio-visual resources and public forums/discussions" to expose

2016-498: The fact that black musicians were capable of producing certain genres of music, such as rock ‘n’ roll, due to lack of exposure provided by mass media. Further, the idea that black people even wanted to play rock 'n' roll was implausible to many record executives and music consumers who held opinions as to what constituted authentic black music. With black musicians wanting their sound to be heard and recognized, they began fighting racial stereotypes. One way these artists began pushing past

2072-503: The formation centered on the band Living Colour to start with. The Black Rock Coalition was created to band black rockers together in the music world because of racial discrimination in the music industry. At the time of formation of the BRC, society was racially stratified in that structural differences remained even though musical aesthetics spread beyond original borders. There existed racialized associations that defined and categorized mankind. In other words, stereotypes depicted which music

2128-691: The guidelines that “Rock is black music. Rock is everyone’s music, but the origins of rock are Black... And there's no way you can get around that”. Among other activities, the BRC actively seeks performance venues , recording opportunities, and equitable distribution opportunities for black artists. They work to archive performance footage of cultural events related to their oeuvre , and to provide or publicize various educational opportunities (e.g. lectures, workshops, seminars , research, library and audio-visual resources, public forums/discussions, etc.). BRC also solicits funding for projects and provides networking opportunities. BRC and their volunteer base

2184-605: The horseshoe-shaped auditorium, the oldest in the world, a model for the Italian theater. On this model were built subsequent theaters in Italy and Europe, among others, the court theater of the Palace of Caserta , which became the model for other theaters. Given the popularity of opera in 18th and 19th century Europe, opera houses are usually large, often containing more than 1,000 seats. Traditionally, Europe's major opera houses built in

2240-492: The largest venues, such as stadiums, can hold tens of thousands of spectators. Music venues are either outdoor or indoor. Examples of outdoor venues include bandstands and bandshells ; such outdoor venues provide minimal shelter for performing musicians and are usually located in parks. A temporary music festival is typically an outdoor venue. Examples of indoor venues include public houses , nightclubs , coffee bars , and stadia. Venues can play live music, recorded music, or

2296-487: The music business. In order to do this, the group followed through on their manifesto - to find recording and performance spaces for black musicians to give them equal opportunities for success. The Black Rock Coalition was formed in order to reaffirm that white rock had evolved from black origins, to combat racial stereotyping in music, and also to work to re-establish rock forms as functionally black music and as further proof of black music’s power to make innovative leaps. By

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2352-514: The new cover made by the Canadian group greatly surpassed the popularity of the original recording. Although there was an increased interest that brought in White audiences to the musical genre due to its new exotic sound, the White audience revealed that they felt more comfortable with the Canadian made cover during the beginning of the racial integration stages in music. As a part of their mission,

2408-452: The operas of Richard Strauss ), it can be more than 100 players. Similarly, an opera may have a large cast of characters, chorus, dancers and supernumeraries . Therefore, a major opera house will have extensive dressing room facilities. Opera houses often have on-premises set and costume building shops and facilities for storage of costumes, make-up, masks, and stage properties, and may also have rehearsal spaces. Major opera houses throughout

2464-451: The public to black rock music and the true origins of rock music. Without this contribution, it is likely that many black artists would have received a lack of publicity and opportunity in the music industry because of persisting racial stereotypes. The goal of the BRC was to "push for and end to 'musical apartheid,'. BRC addresses a phenomenon about the crossover of black musicians to white audiences. Two different positions were expressed on

2520-680: The same elements as blues and gospel. For example, the 12-bar blues structure is prominent in rock songs. Also the use of bending guitar strings and bottleneck slides became a staple of rock music, although these styles were created by blues artist years earlier. Furthermore, other rock music forms not necessarily based in blues were also created by black rock artists. Other elements of rock such as many rock guitar sounds were developed my black rock artists such as Chuck Berry, Jimi Hendrix, and others. The rock guitar sounds and rhythms that define rock music were developed by artists like Chuck Berry, Muddy Waters, and Sister Rosetta Tharpe. For example, Muddy Waters

2576-434: The show, such as at opera houses or classical recital halls. In some venues that also include food and beverage service, the performers may be playing background music to add to the ambiance. Amphitheaters are round- or oval-shaped and usually unroofed. Permanent seating at amphitheaters is generally tiered. A bandshell is a large, outdoor performing structure typically used by concert bands and orchestras . The roof and

2632-428: The singers, since trained opera singers are normally able to project their unamplified voices in the hall. Since the 1990s, however, some opera houses have begun using a subtle form of sound reinforcement called acoustic enhancement . A pub, or public house, is an establishment licensed to sell alcoholic drinks , which traditionally include beer (such as ale ) and cider . It is a social drinking establishment and

2688-544: The stage, are boxes (small partitioned sections of a balcony). Since the latter part of the 19th century, opera houses often have an orchestra pit , where many orchestra players may be seated at a level below the audience, so that they can play without overwhelming the singing voices. This is especially true of Wagner 's Bayreuth Festspielhaus where the pit is partially covered. The size of an opera orchestra varies, but for some operas, oratorios and other works, it may be very large; for some romantic period works (or for many of

2744-513: The type of venue, the opening hours , location and length of performance may differ, as well as the technology used to deliver the music in the venue. Other attractions, such as performance art , standup comedy , or social activities, may also be available, either while music is playing or at other times. For example, at a bar or pub , the house band may be playing live songs while drinks are being served, and between songs, recorded music may be played. Some classes of venues may play live music in

2800-524: The world often have highly mechanized stages , with large stage elevators permitting heavy sets to be changed rapidly. At the Metropolitan Opera , for instance, sets are often changed during the action, as the audience watches, with singers rising or descending as they sing. This occurs in the Met's productions of operas such as Aida and Tales of Hoffmann . London 's Royal Opera House , which

2856-436: Was coded as black or white, making claims of who had the right to produce a certain genre. African American musicians were experiencing a categorical struggle, as stereotypes were pervasive in the music industry. Behind the stereotypes, there was a notion produced by culture and mass media that “it was just easier to market conventional R&B to black kids, and conventional rock and roll to white kids.” Consumers were ignorant to

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2912-442: Was one of the bands that were closely connected to the BRC and it played a significant role in the impact of the crossover of black music to white audiences. In the band's song “Which Way to America”, the effects of the crossover are reflected through the lyrics even though the two different lives depicted were not racially defined explicitly. The song also includes notions of problems within politics and economics that were derived from

2968-609: Was one of the first musicians to amplify a guitar, which is one of the defining features of Rock music: “Muddy Waters caused a storm by playing through an amplifier, the sort of thing associated with rock n’ roll.” The BRC seeks to reclaim these innovations that have come to be considered as white music. One of the first rock ‘n’ roll songs to ever be recorded was titled Sh-boom by the Chords, an all Black male rhythm ‘n’ blues group in 1954. The increase in popularity struck influence of covers by both Black and White musicians, and unfortunately

3024-523: Was remodeled in the late 1990s, retained the original 1858 auditorium at its core, but added completely new backstage and wing spaces as well as an additional performance space and public areas. Much the same happened in the remodeling of Milan 's La Scala opera house between 2002 and 2004. Although stage, lighting and other production aspects of opera houses often make use of the latest technology, traditional opera houses have not used sound reinforcement systems with microphones and loudspeakers to amplify

3080-525: Was the use of large stadiums for American tours by bands in the later 1960s, such as The Rolling Stones , Grand Funk Railroad , and Led Zeppelin . The tendency developed in the mid-1970s as the increased power of amplification and sound systems allowed the use of larger and larger venues. Smoke, fireworks and sophisticated lighting shows became staples of arena rock performances. Key acts from this era included Journey , REO Speedwagon , Boston , Foreigner , Styx , Kiss , Peter Frampton , and Queen . In

3136-459: Was to re-establish Rock forms as black music. Because rock was commonly considered white music as many of the musical forms and styles associated with rock are considered white music. However, this is not the case in fact most of the musical elements associated with rock were invented by black musicians. Because rock has origins in blues, R&B, and gospel and in the 60's many rock artists were highly influenced by blues artists, rock music has many of

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