Misplaced Pages

#92907

77-563: Brackenheim is situated on the river Zaber in the Zabergäu in southwestern district of Heilbronn , in the north of Baden-Württemberg , Germany . The landscape is characterized by extensive vineyards . Neighbouring towns and municipalities (clockwise): Cleebronn , Güglingen , Eppingen , Schwaigern , Nordheim , Lauffen (Neckar) (all district of Heilbronn), Kirchheim (Neckar) and Bönnigheim (both Ludwigsburg (district) ). Apart from Brackenheim itself, it consists of

154-612: A complete list, together with links, is published on the town's website at [2] Lauffen am Neckar was the birthplace of alternating current transmission. For the International Electro-Technical Exhibition - 1891 in Frankfurt am Main , Dolivo-Dobrowolsky and Oskar von Miller constructed a three-phase high-voltage transmission line which came into operation on 24 August 1891. For this, a three-phase alternator made by Maschinenfabrik Oerlikon

231-433: A crossing point. Such opportunities were few and far between along this stretch of the original Neckar. Indeed, the nearest fords were some kilometres distant. The two prominent cliffs may well have served as lookouts and refuges since primeval times. The foundations of a Roman estate (Villa Rustica) dating from between the 2nd and 3rd centuries, along with coins and pottery, were discovered some two kilometres (1.2 miles) to

308-586: A great bow – an event which is estimated to have taken place between 400 BC and 100 BC. In 832 Emperor Ludwig Louis the Pious granted the then unfortified village to his son-in-law Ernst, the margrave of Nordgau in the Upper Palatinate , on condition that the inhospitable place be suitably developed – it was the property of the Emperor, who intended to use it for hunting. The initial cultivation of

385-653: A large force belonging to Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar and George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach assembled at the bridge to engage the imperial troops. Battle was joined at Wimpfen early in May and resulted in victory for the imperial forces. After this defeat, two companies of the Margrave's troops and many Neckargartach farmers took refuge in Lauffen. The town was spared major fighting for several years, but almost 20 years of suffering were still to come. In 1629,

462-487: A large force of imperial troops moved through the town, to be followed in 1631 by troops of Lorraine . In 1634, Croatian soldiers plundered Lauffen and two days later the imperial forces returned. In November the last 16 head of cattle were confiscated. At Christmas 1634, Lauffen provided winter quarters for five transiting regiments. At Whitsun 1635, the Mühlheimische Kürassier-Regiment seized

539-657: A result only the convent was sacked. On 13 May 1534, at the Battle of Lauffen, the 11,000 troops of Austria were outnumbered by those of the Rulers of Hesse , whose forces consisted of some 25,000 men. As a result of the victory over the Austrians, Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg regained his territory and led his subjects towards the Reformation. Lauffen was occupied for over a year in approximately 1547 by Imperial troops during

616-514: A result, hegemony over the town changed frequently, transferring to (among others) the Dukes of Teck . In 1327, Lauffen was mortgaged to Württemberg. In 1346, Sir Albrecht (Ritter Albrecht Hofwarth) acquired town and castle from the Margraves of Baden for 3,000 heller . However, in 1361, he resold his acquisition to Graf Eberhard von Württemberg and his brother for double the purchase price. Due to

693-536: A spear of the same headed Azure . The town's colours are green and white. Lauffen originally bore the coat of arms of the founders of the town, the Grafen von Lauffen (the Earls of Lauffen). This was a clawless eagle (cp. the present arms of the district of Heilbronn). From 1220 to 1346, the town was a possession of Baden , and in 1311 the arms of Baden first appeared in a Lauffen seal. The present coat of arms, one of

770-457: Is a town in the district of Heilbronn , Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is on the river Neckar , 9 kilometres (6 miles) southwest of Heilbronn . The town is famous as the birthplace of the poet Friedrich Hölderlin and for its quality wines – in particular the "Lauffener Katzenbeißer Schwarzriesling". Lauffen is located in the southern part of the district of Heilbronn, 9 km (6 mi) south of Heilbronn and 50 km (31 mi) north of

847-428: Is also a New Apostolic Church and congregation in the town. Following the municipal election of 7 June 2009, the district council of Lauffen has 22 seats. The election result is as follows: The mayor is also a member of the district council and its chairman. Blazon : Argent a messenger vested Vert in shoes Gules , holding in his dexter hand an envelope of the field sealed of the third and in his sinister hand

SECTION 10

#1732794384093

924-479: Is by the Neckar. Neighbouring towns and villages of Lauffen are (clockwise from the west): Brackenheim , Nordheim , Heilbronn , Talheim , Isfeld, Neckarwestheim and Kirchheim am Neckar (District of Ludwigsburg ). The exclave Stadtwald Etzlenswenden is surrounded (from the west) by Abstatt , Untergruppenbach , Löwenstein and Beilstein . All neighbouring villages as far as Heilbronn and Kircheim come under

1001-569: Is described in the section 'Economy and infrastructure' below. In 1914, two districts (Lauffen-Stadt and Lauffen-Dorf) were merged to create the new town of Lauffen am Neckar. The new town council marked the occasion by planting a lime tree in the terraced garden in front of the Pfalzgrafenburg castle. This tree stands opposite another lime at the Regiswindis Church on the other bank, the two trees thus symbolising unity. Of

1078-683: Is ensured by buses. There are connections to the rail network in Lauffen (Neckar) and Schwaigern, too. In the urban hospital built in the 1960s there are 130 beds and 240 employees. The district court of Brackenheim with one judge is one of the smallest in Baden-Württemberg. Brackenheim also has a swim hall. The Theodor-Heuss-Schule is an elementary and secondary school. There are elementary schools in Botenheim, Dürrenzimmern, Hausen an der Zaber, Meimsheim, Neipperg and Stockheim as well. The Zabergäu-Gymnasium Brackenheim ( grammar school )

1155-492: Is located further east in the Löwenstein Mountains. It is presumed that this forested area was allocated to the town by its founders in around AD 1200, as there was no other forest within its boundaries from which timber and firewood could be obtained. It is here, in the exclave, that the highest point is situated 452 m (1,483 ft) above sea level; the lowest point 154 m (505 ft) above sea level

1232-517: Is now the site of the Neckarwestheim Nuclear Power Plant (GKN). Between 1935 and 1938, work took place on the so-called ‘Neckar-Enz Line’ between Eberbach and Unterriexingen. This was a series of fortifications designed to resist a possible attack from the west. Eleven bunkers were constructed in the Lauffen sector, none of which had any impact on the end of the war. There are two locks at Lauffen, both upstream of

1309-423: Is part of the town's original moat which has been overbuilt with timber-framed houses. At one time it was the route for river traffic, which included even motorised craft. The various clubs and societies include cultural organisations such as a music school and choirs, sports bodies like a rowing club and a swimming club, and parent-teacher associations linked to local schools. In all there are over 70 such bodies:

1386-411: Is presumed that the area around Lauffen had already been settled in pre-Christian times, although the only evidence consists of a few bones. The settlement's high level of frequentation can be attributed to the shallow water between the present old Neckar bridge and the cliffs by the castle and Regiswindis Church. Here the river was fordable for most of the year and the spot used by both men and animals as

1463-604: Is the Catholic Parish St. Ulrich, which also contains Haberschlacht and a district of Eppingen called Kleingartach. Neipperg belongs to the Parish St. Martinus in Schwaigern , the parish of Brackenheim contains the remaining districts. Both a free church and a Methodistic church is represented. Elections in May 2014: In red a silver hound with a black collar. The municipality colours are white and red. Even

1540-409: Is the site of today's Regiswindis Church. This hill settlement became known as Lauffen-Dorf (Lauffen village). In the middle of the river, between the two hills, is an island with a castle. This castle, originally the seat of the Earls of Lauffen, is now home to the town hall – the island itself is a nature reserve. Another settlement, Lauffen-Stadt (Lauffen town), later established itself on the hill on

1617-527: Is visited by nearly 1,000 students from all over the Zabergäu . The urban library having more than 13,000 media is open to the public. Zaber The Zaber ( German: [ˈtsaːbɐ] ) is a minor tributary of the River Neckar in Baden-Württemberg , Germany . It is some 22 km in length and joins the Neckar from the west at Lauffen am Neckar . It has given its name to

SECTION 20

#1732794384093

1694-538: The Tübingen - Würzburg (via Stuttgart ) route. At the time, this accident was the worst since the Second World War, killing 45 and seriously injuring a further 27. The cause of the accident was attributed to human error on the part of the level-crossing keeper; the level-crossing has since been replaced by an underpass. A commemorative plaque was erected in memory of those who lost their lives. Following

1771-484: The 14th century. Today (2008), Brackenheim is the largest grape-growing municipality of Württemberg , with many varieties being grown on 826 hectares (2,040 acres). Apart from three wine-cellars having 1,200 members there are more than 30 self-marketers taking care of their wine marketing for themselves. There are connections to the long-distance traffic in Lauffen (Neckar) (B27) and Schwaigern (B293). Public transport

1848-555: The Anglo-Dutch cavalry crossed the Neckar at Lauffen, and in 1707, 2000 French horsemen sacked the town for a second time. 1709, a cuirassier regiment from Kürnbach was quartered there. However, more than 100 years after the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War , Lauffen was starting to recover from the damage which had been inflicted. In 1721, the town hall was rebuilt and in 1724 the temporarily repaired bridge dating from 1693

1925-758: The Battle of Lauffen in 1534, the town became the first in Württemberg to embrace the Reformation . A reference to the first Protestant vicar, Hieronymus Hailbrunner, occurs in 1546 but he was no doubt already in office before this date. Since then, a majority of the town's worshippers has been of the Protestant faith. A Roman Catholic congregation did not exist until 1946. The Protestant congregation numbers some 6,000; there are approximately 3,000 Roman Catholics, some of whom are in Neckarwestheim. There

2002-501: The Bavarians and extensive defences were constructed. After the armistice of 1647 between France and Bavaria, the town's defences were razed to the ground. The Bavarians withdrew, to be replaced over the winter by a company of Weimar cavalry. With the failure of the armistice, a French garrison arrived and set about constructing more defences, which nevertheless became redundant with the conclusion of peace in 1648. For many years after

2079-467: The French army arrived, confiscating all the horses and destroying the bridge. During the following decade, the area witnessed more hostilities and was again occupied. Yet more looting occurred, along with the destruction of agricultural land. The population, which had increased between the two wars, was later decimated to 210 persons in 1697. The 18th century was also dominated by matters military. In 1704

2156-730: The Gothic Marienkirche built 1350 and the Gülthaus of 1605. Dürrenzimmern shows its church of the 12th century and the onetime town hall of 1731. Apart from that there are many churches in the districts of Brackenheim, emphasizing the Stocksberg Castle of the 16th century near Stockheim. In Brackenheim there are the nature reserves Zaberauen (near Botenheim) and Haberschlachter Tal (near Dürrenzimmern and Haberschlacht). Grape-growing began in Brackenheim in

2233-605: The Landkreis (district) Heilbronn. Lauffen has combined with Neckarwestheim and Nordheim to form a joint association of administrations. The localities of Lauffen-Stadt (town) and Lauffen-Dorf (village) were combined on 1 April 1914 to create today's Lauffen am Neckar. The outlying farmsteads of the Landturm, an old customs house on the former Württemberg boundary, are included as part of the town. The defunct hamlets of Osterhofen and Talhofen originally lay within its bounds. It

2310-556: The Neckar on the way to Strasbourg , to be followed by the Lüneburg-Zellsche army. Upon the withdrawal of these forces, the Brandenburgers set up their headquarters at Isfeld. In May 1675, the imperial army, arriving from The Netherlands, crossed the river near Lauffen. In 1676, the town served as winter quarters for an imperial regiment of cuirassiers and, in 1679, for a company of cavalry from Lorraine. In 1688,

2387-450: The Neckar slopes and the first castle can be traced back to Ernst. According to legend, the Graf's infant daughter, Regiswindis, was murdered by her wet nurse and the body thrown into the Neckar. After this incident, the margrave Ernst returned to his home in the Upper Palatinate and the village was transferred back to the emperor with effect from 861, before the expiration of the lease and

Brackenheim - Misplaced Pages Continue

2464-676: The Zabergäu, the area between the Heuchelberg and Stromberg hills. The first mention is from the year 793 as Zabernahgouwe (Zabernachgau). Traditionally it is assumed that the name is derived from the Latin word Taberna ("restaurant", "street station"). It is assumed that the Roman settlement in today's Meimsheim bore this name (similar to the Alsatian place Zabern ) and that with time

2541-647: The arrival of the Gaugrafen von Lauffen (Frankish earls) who were allied to the Bishopric of Worms and noble descendants of the Poppon tribe of Lauffen. They pressed ahead with the fortification of the settlement and of the castle. In around 1150, they had the rocks on the eastern riverbank cut back, thus creating the basis for a moated castle – the present-day "Pfalzgrafenburg". The three brothers – Heinrich II, Boppo V and Konrad II – all died without male issue. With

2618-406: The banks of the Neckar. Agriculture continued to increase in importance. From 2000 inhabitants in 1800, the population increased to approximately 4000 in 1850. The section of railway between Stuttgart and Heilbronn was completed in 1847, giving rise to the construction of buildings around the railway station. Following a fire on 14 October 1861, a volunteer fire brigade was formed on 19 November of

2695-562: The bombers had been in northern Württemberg, Hesse or the Ruhr. As was so often the case, a return to base with the bomb load had not been included in the fuel calculations. The bombing of Lauffen can thus be regarded as the sacrifice of a pawn – a sacrifice in favour of a city. On 20 June 1959, there was a serious accident at Lauffen when a public service bus operated by the Deutsche Bundesbahn crashed into an express train on

2772-538: The bombs, which were dropped at random and in some cases unprimed. Most fell in fields or the river although some dropped on the Sonnenstrasse, the Brückenstrasse, the old cemetery and in the vicinity of the cement works and St Martin's Church. There were 59 fatalities including a number of forced labourers. The then mayor was criticised for not having sounded the air raid warning. Secondary targets for

2849-595: The canal was given high priority – several houses and even the first commercial three-phase power station were demolished. The original generator is now on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. Nearby, the Oskar von Miller Strasse (the westerly access road to the cement works) is a reminder of the power station's previous location. Electricity has since been generated at the dam further upstream. Parallel with

2926-475: The capital of Baden-Württemberg , Stuttgart , on the Neckar . The small river Zaber flows into the Neckar at this point. The neck of the previous great bow in the course of the north-flowing Neckar was broken through by erosion somewhere between 400 BC and 100 BC and for several centuries the watercourse survived as a ring of lakes. The old circular riverbed is now dry, apart from one small artificial lake. Along

3003-618: The castle. The first was constructed between 1938 and 1945 – the second between 1950 and 1951. Following boundary change legislation in 1938, the administrative area known as the Oberamt Besigheim was dissolved and Lauffen became part of the Landkreis Heilbronn (district of Heilbronn). During the Second World War the town suffered 37 air raids, this number being partly influenced by its proximity to

3080-431: The chapel in the castle, the association Kulturforum Brackenheim e. V. has its own scene with 200 seats for its disposal since 1994. It's employed to show concert, cabaret and theatre games. The 1968 created urban Theodor-Heuss-Museum shows the life of Theodor Heuss , the considerable son of this town. There are also native country museums in Brackenheim and its district Botenheim. At the graveyard of Brackenheim stands

3157-474: The choir three years previously. The church dates from 1227, when it was dedicated to Saint Regiswindis, but previous structures (St Martin's Church) date back to 741. Fragments of a Mount of Olives painting C 1507 by Hans Seyfer survive on the exterior of the choir. Regiswindis Chapel: Originally a graveyard chapel dedicated to Saint Ann, its crypt served as a charnel house. In 1901, the piles of bones were collected and buried. The stone sarcophagus containing

Brackenheim - Misplaced Pages Continue

3234-425: The close of the exhibition, transmission of current from the Lauffen three-phase alternator was maintained to Heilbronn, which thus became the first town in the world to receive a regular supply of electricity from a remote location. To this day, the name of the local electricity utility, ZEAG (Zementwerk Lauffen – Elektrizitätswerk Heilbronn AG), is a reminder of this achievement. The Lauffen winemaking cooperative

3311-418: The construction of the canal came the laying of a narrow gauge railway for the transportation of stone along the right bank of the river between the Lauffen cement works and the quarry at Neckarwestheim . The railway ceased operation in 1984, with the rails later removed to create a new footpath and cycle way. The engine is preserved on a playground near the old bridge beside the former railway track. The quarry

3388-554: The cooperative, other growers cultivate and market their own wines independently. The vineyards at Lauffen are part of the greater Kirchenweinberg area of the Württemberg lowland winegrowing region. An annual event is the selection of Württemberg's ‘Weinkönigin’ (Wine Queen), whose role it is to represent the winegrowing industry at events not only in Württemberg , but also throughout Germany and elsewhere in Europe. A prerequisite for

3465-409: The death of the Graf. In 889, 923 and 993, various German emperors transferred their rule over the village to the Bishopric of Würzburg . In 1003, Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor called for the establishment of a convent in the village, which had meanwhile been fortified. A Benedictine convent was accordingly set up under the auspices of Bishop Heinrich von Würzburg. The end of the 11th century saw

3542-621: The death of the last scion in 1218 or 1219, the house of Lauffen died out, although its coat of arms survives to this day as the arms of the District of Heilbronn . In the 13th century, the town once again reverted to the German Emperor ( Holy Roman Emperor ). In 1227, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II mortgaged Lauffen, Sinsheim and Eppingen to Herman V of Baden. In the mortgage deed, Lauffen

3619-405: The decoy target known as ‘Brasilien’, which was laid out to look like the main railway station at Stuttgart . On 13 April 1944, an allied bomber formation was returning to base having failed to bomb its primary and secondary targets ( Nuremberg and Stuttgart ) when it was attacked by a German fighter and forced to jettison its load over Lauffen. The town escaped serious damage and casualties from

3696-460: The eastern bank. The two districts, Lauffen-Dorf and Lauffen-Stadt, are joined by a bridge. A smaller bridge from Lauffen-Stadt leads to the island and the town hall. Yet another district, the so-called Lauffen-Dörfle (Lauffen little village), grew up around a convent and is situated on the western bank to the north of Lauffen-Dorf and the Zaber. An exclave of Lauffen, the town's forest of Etzlenswenden,

3773-460: The end of the war, and at frequent intervals, Lauffen would be taken over and occupied by troops. At the end of the Thirty Years' War , the population was 155. The upper castle had been destroyed, the lower one severely damaged. The town's church was also badly damaged. In all, 270 houses were damaged and 452 acres (1.8 km ) of vineyards, 1,239 acres (5.0 km ) of fields and 50 acres (0.20 km ) of meadows had been laid to waste. Since

3850-516: The entire French general staff. The so-called "Weimar occupation" lasted until May 1643, when victory was achieved after three days of fighting by the Bavarian army under the command of Graf Fugger . In 1645, the town was again plundered by French and Hessian troops. Subsequently, the Bavarians moved back, but provisions were barely enough to feed them. Virtually all that remained were cabbages, beets and new wine. A year later, Swedish troops joined

3927-504: The entire winter crop, thus creating a famine which claimed 800 lives. In 1636, Lauffen was sacked by a Colonel Liddaw and his regiment of cuirassiers. In the autumn of 1637, it was overrun by two different regiments – a state of affairs which caused a shortage of food during the winter and resulted in the deaths of 200 people. In 1638, it had to endure the presence of a company of Parischen troops; then, in May and again in September, it

SECTION 50

#1732794384093

4004-454: The first parish church, today's Protestant Johanniskirche , a Romance church with Gothic choir contenting wall drawings of the 13th and 14th centuries. During the reformation the onetime Gothic Jakobus Chapel was held up to the town church, founded about 1200. The Brackenheim Castle in the south of the old part of town was built 1556–59 instead of an old castle. After a fire, parts of the castle were rebuilt in 1677–85. In Botenheim there are

4081-601: The following year, the Palatinate Graf Friedrich gave an undertaking to stop attacks against various localities in Württemberg. Then, in 1469, a treaty between the Palatinate and Württemberg resolved the customs disputes over the transportation of timber along the River Murr . In 1474 the first bridge at Lauffen was built over the Neckar thus bringing the entire customs duties for river traffic to

4158-408: The following: The communal land of Brackenheim has been settled for 5,000-6,000 years. Botenheim and Meimsheim were mentioned in the 12th century; Brackenheim was mentioned in 1246. Brackenheim received its town rights by King Rudolf I. von Habsburg in 1280. After a big fire in 1691 burning down 112 houses, the town had to be rebuilt in many places. Owing to the communal reform from 1971 to 1974,

4235-489: The mid-1930s, work was started on the construction of a by-pass canal for the Neckar. This new canal had the effect of making the rocks of the Pfalzgrafenburg into an island once more. For a time, the cliff was linked to the town via a millrace which had been artificially created, and the Neckar sped in front of the cliffs and the bridge over rocks which had been placed there to produce rapids. (Pictures dating from 1640 and 1800 provide an interesting comparison.) The building of

4312-531: The northern slope of the forested Stromberg (landscape) . It flows initially into a reservoir known as the Ehmetsklinge. It subsequently flows in an easterly direction through Zaberfeld , Pfaffenhofen , Güglingen and Brackenheim before reaching the Neckar at Lauffen . The river is shallow and therefore not navigable. Lauffen (Neckar) Lauffen am Neckar ( German pronunciation: [ˌlaʊfn̩ ʔam ˈnɛkaʁ] ) or simply Lauffen

4389-466: The old riverbed, a round hill was formed – its slopes now partially covered by the Kaywald forest and with other areas given over to the cultivation of vines. There is a hill on the western bank of the Neckar at the centre point of the ancient river bow. This hill became separated from another on the present eastern bank when the river broke through. Lauffen grew up on the western bank, on the ridge which

4466-414: The oldest preserved seal of the 13th century shows a hound. In the course of the centuries, the dog was employed in different positions - standing, striding, jumping and so on - and with different extras like a collar or a necklace. In 1953, the arms were laid down in the current form by the district council. Besides there are friendly relationships with Le Lude ( France ) and Port Talbot ( Wales ). By

4543-529: The place name was transferred to the surroundings or to the river. This theory is supported by the fact that there was a traffic junction in Roman Meimsheim and that the place was possibly of administrative importance for the region. The region known as the Zabergäu , the area between the Heuchelberg and Stromberg hills, takes its name from the Zaber. The Zaber rises in the district of Heilbronn about two kilometres south-southwest of Zaberfeld on

4620-454: The political situation in the second half of the 17th century was far from stable, Eberhard III strengthened the fortifications around Lauffen with drawbridges and parapets as a defence against potential attacks by the French. Just a few years after the devastating Thirty Years' War, Lauffen was the scene of invasions for a second time. In 1674, the army of the Elector of Brandenburg crossed

4697-653: The previous independent communities now representing districts were incorporated. The active construction of building has filled in the spaces previously between the districts and led to a huge increase of the population in Brackenheim. During 1995-2004 the town increased by about 2,700 inhabitants. Brackenheim is the seat of Church District Brackenheim ( deanery ) of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Württemberg . In Brackenheim, Botenheim, Dürrenzimmern, Hausen, Meimsheim and Neipperg there are separate parishes of each of these districts. In Stockheim there

SECTION 60

#1732794384093

4774-545: The proximity of the Free Imperial City of Heilbronn, the rulers of Württemberg demanded a commitment of loyalty from the inhabitants of Lauffen. The 15th century at Lauffen was characterized by conflicts over complex fishing and tithe rights which affected many of the inhabitants. The lake of Lauffen was created by Ulrich V, Count of Württemberg in 1454. In 1460, his troops were called upon to defend fishing and customs rights against Palatinate troops. However,

4851-463: The remains of Regiswindis were transferred to the chapel in 1882, at which point the building acquired its present name. *There are many historic buildings in the town centre, including dwellings in the baroque style dating from the 18th century, and those associated with the Kirchberg, which include an old bake house. The curious Grabengasse (moat lane) winds its way by the Kirchberg. This lane

4928-473: The same year. In 1889, the second shaft of the railway tunnel (584 m) was completed between Kircheim am Neckar and Lauffen, thus removing a major bottleneck on the Franconia Railway from Heilbronn to Stuttgart. The year 1891 saw the world's first long-distance transmission of alternating three-phase electric current. This important technical achievement – a link between Lauffen and Frankfurt Main –

5005-522: The site for a town hall. During the 19th century, emphasis was placed on agriculture. The lake of Lauffen was drained in 1820, thus producing 200 acres (0.8 km ) of additional land. With the lake gone, the inhabitants lost a rich source of food but, on the other hand, the water had also been the cause of fevers. Wine growing was improved by abandoning unprofitable varieties. The main variety became Pinot blanc . The town planted more than 2,000 fruit trees within its boundaries and countless willows along

5082-475: The soldiers who served in the First World War, 189 failed to return. A war memorial was erected in their honour in front of the town hall in 1922. This was removed in 1949 to make way for a widening of the canal, and to enable the plaque bearing the names of the fallen to be set into the wall of the old cemetery alongside another dedicated to the even greater number of victims of the Second World War. In

5159-569: The southeast of the present town centre. Archaeological excavations show that the Alemannians came to the area in around 260 AD upon the departure of the Romans. With the arrival of the Franks in 500 AD, a royal estate was founded together with a church dedicated to St Martin. The ownership of the estate alternated frequently between princes and church. A document from 823 refers to this “church in

5236-478: The town. The bridge was destroyed by the flood of 1529 and rebuilt in 1532. A town hall was built and a weekly market established in 1480. Two years later, the bubonic plague caused the death of 1,300 inhabitants. During the German Peasants' War , an 8,000-strong army of peasants set up camp between Lauffen and Gemmrigheim in 1525. Bowing to superior force, the town council sided with the peasants – as

5313-469: The tribal district of Neckar which is dedicated to Saint Martin in the Villa Hlauppa.” The name "Hlauppa" (which has become "Lauffen") is characteristic of places with rapids or waterfalls. Other examples of this derivation are Laufen and Laufenburg . The rapids which are occasionally visible at Lauffen were created by erosion when the Neckar shortened its course after breaking through the neck of

5390-424: The type which alludes to its owner, was first verified in a seal for the year 1464. Drawings of the arms in the natural colours survive from the year 1575, although the background of the shield sometimes appears tinged in gold rather than silver. Lauffen am Neckar is twinned with:- *Regiswindis Church: The rebuilding of the church in its present form was well underway by 1567 after a fire had destroyed all but

5467-481: The war of the Schmalkaldic League , then reverted to Württemberg. 1564 saw the return of the bubonic plague, which claimed some 800 victims. The plague returned in 1606, 1607 and 1626 although there were fewer fatalities. During the Thirty Years' War , Lauffen was the scene of several battles and troop movements. The bridge and the nearby ford proved to be of major strategic significance. In April 1622,

5544-551: Was abolished and Lauffen became an "Oberamt" (administrative area). Thirty years later, 160 inhabitants died of typhus . The Oberamt Lauffen was wound up in 1808, and the town came under the jurisdiction of the Oberamt Besigheim. Two years later, the bridge over the Neckar was again renovated, the wooden elements being replaced by masonry. In 1817, the council bought the Neckar Island with the intention of using

5621-407: Was converted into a covered suspension bridge. From 1728, a night watch was established in response to a spate of murders and robberies. In 1744, Lauffen was besieged by the imperial Bavarian army under Feldmarschall von Seckendorff and 1754 witnessed repeated returns of the French. There followed subsequent occupations by troops from Wimpfen and Anhalt. In 1755, the previous protectorate structure

5698-472: Was first referred to as "civitas" (town with civic institutions). The upward designation to "town" is frequently dated as having taken place in the year 1234. The Margraves of Baden administered the town through a family of bailiffs. A church was built in 1227 to replace an existing chapel and dedicated to the now canonized Saint Regiswindis. The families of the ruling aristocracy were beset with problems over complex inheritance disputes and mortgage debts. As

5775-413: Was founded in 1935 and, with an annual yield of some six million litres and sales of approximately 22 million euros, is one of the largest high-quality cooperatives in the wine region of Württemberg . The cooperative has some 600 members, the area of vines covering approximately 570 hectares. Quality wines marketed under the name "Katzenbeißer" are especially well known. In addition to those forming part of

5852-433: Was installed in the cement works at Lauffen, with an overhead cable to carry the current under 15 kV to Frankfurt – a distance of 175 km (109 mi). The entrance to the exhibition was lit with 1000 light bulbs and the middle section surmounted by an arch bearing the inscription "Power Transmission Lauffen – Frankfurt 175 km". At the same time, an artificial waterfall some 6 m high was powered by electric current. At

5929-503: Was once more descended upon by imperial forces. In the autumn, two regiments of cavalry looted the harvest and, at the beginning of December, three cavalry regiments sacked the town. At Christmas 1638, the imperial general staff took over Lauffen. By the end of that year, the population had fallen to just 30. The misery continued during 1639 with frequent occupations by troops. The years 1640 to 1642 were comparatively quiet, but in 1643 French Weimar regiments were in occupation, along with

#92907