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32-422: Brenham ( / ˈ b r ɛ n əm / BREH -nəm ) is a city in east-central Texas, United States, and the county seat of Washington County , with a population of 17,369 according to the 2020 U.S. census . Brenham is also known for its annual German heritage festival that takes place each May called Maifest , similar to Volksfest . Numerous German immigrants settled here in the mid-19th century, following

64-531: A Superior Court and Sheriff (as an officer of the court ), both located in a designated "shire town". Bennington County, Vermont has two shire towns; the court for "North Shire" is in the shire town Manchester , and the Sheriff for the county and court for "South Shire" are in the shire town Bennington. In 2024, Connecticut , which had not defined their counties for anything but statistical, historical and weather warning purposes since 1960, along with ending

96-410: A county seat may be an independent city surrounded by, but not part of, the county of which it is the administrative center; for example, Fairfax City is both the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia and completely surrounded by Fairfax County, but the city is politically independent of the county. When the county seat is in the independent city, government offices such as the courthouse may be in

128-686: A fourth elementary school serving students up to fifth grade, but this proposal was rejected by voters. Blinn College , the oldest county-owned junior college in Texas, is located in Brenham. Blinn has campuses also in Bryan, Schulenburg, and Sealy. The following highways pass through Brenham: The Galveston Subdivision of the BNSF Railway passes through Brenham, with spurs serving Valmont Industries and Blue Bell Creameries . The Blue Bell spur

160-417: A household in the city was $ 32,198, and for a family was $ 41,486. Males had a median income of $ 31,133 versus $ 22,152 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 15,351. About 12.8% of families and 17.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 21.9% of those under age 18 and 20.7% of those age 65 or over. Brenham is the home of and headquarters for Blue Bell Creameries . Blue Bell

192-409: Is known as the seat of its county. Generally, the county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records, jail and correctional facility are located in the county seat, though some functions (such as highway maintenance, which usually requires a large garage for vehicles, along with asphalt and salt storage facilities) may also be located or conducted in other parts of

224-403: Is the lion cub . The traditional role of middle school is split in two in Brenham, with fifth and sixth graders attending Brenham Middle School and seventh and eighth graders attending Brenham Junior High School. In 2022, Brenham ISD proposed a project to tear down and rebuild Brenham Junior High School to be able to handle the sixth through 8th grades, then convert Brenham Middle School into

256-677: Is the fourth-best selling ice cream brand in the United States, and is sold in 16 states. Brenham is also home to a large Valmont Industries industrial plant, where metal poles are manufactured. Brenham is also the Home of "the World's Largest BBQ Pit" on US 290 West. The Texas Department of Aging and Disability Services operates the Brenham State Supported Living Center (formerly Brenham State School),

288-584: The revolutions in German states in 1848. The area surrounding Brenham was occupied by various Native American tribes through the 19th century. The Brenham area was part of the Old Three Hundred , the first authorized colonization of Texas by Anglo-Americans led by Stephen F. Austin . In the 1820s and 1830s, several small communities developed in the area. In 1843, the Hickory Grove community

320-554: The 19th century. The largest numbers of German immigrants arrived between 1880 and 1883. Jewish immigrants to Brenham established one of Texas' first Orthodox synagogues in 1885, which was relocated to Austin in 2015. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 8.8 square miles (22.7 km), all land. The climate in this area is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout

352-884: The United States, followed by Towson , the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland . Likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey , though unincorporated, is a section of Middle Township , an incorporated municipality. In some states, often those that were among the original Thirteen Colonies , county seats include or formerly included "Court House" as part of their name, such as Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia . Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in Alabama , Arkansas , Georgia , Iowa , Kentucky , Massachusetts , Mississippi , Missouri , New Hampshire , New York , and Vermont have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of

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384-501: The city at-large. The mayor and city council members serve four-year terms. The City of Brenham's primary education is provided by Brenham Independent School District (Brenham ISD) and various private schools. The public schools in Brenham ISD include Brenham Elementary School, Krause Elementary School, Alton Elementary School, Brenham Middle School, Brenham Junior High School, and Brenham High School . Brenham High School's mascot

416-509: The city was 69.99% White, 21.91% African American, 0.25% Native American, 1.86% Asian, 4.76% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 10.25% of the population. Of the 4,907 households, 30.0% had children under 18 living with them, 45.7% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.5% were not families. About 30.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.4% had someone living alone who

448-526: The counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under the Eastern Han dynasty , the number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when the Sui dynasty abolished the commandery level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties. In Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of

480-418: The county, especially if it is geographically large. A county seat is usually an incorporated municipality . The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia , where the county seat is the entire county. Ellicott City , the county seat of Howard County, Maryland , is the largest unincorporated county seat in

512-420: The county. Examples include Harrison County, Mississippi , which has both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats, and Hinds County, Mississippi , which has both Raymond and the state capital of Jackson . The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of civic pride for

544-424: The imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic means, varying between dynasties. The head of a county was the magistrate , who oversaw both the day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases. The current number of counties mostly resembled that of

576-585: The increase of Han Chinese population in Taiwan, the number of counties also grew by time. By the end of Qing era, there were 11 counties in Taiwan. Protestant missionaries in China first romanized the term as hien . When Taiwan became a Japanese colony in 1895, the hierarchy of divisions also incorporated into the Japanese system in the period when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. By September 1945, Taiwan

608-625: The independent city under an agreement, such as in Albemarle , or may in be enclaves of the county surrounded by the independent city, such as in Fairfax . Others, such as Prince William , have the courthouse in an enclave surrounded by the independent city and have the county government, the Board of Supervisors, in a different part of the county, far from the county seat. The following counties have their county seat in an independent city: Bedford

640-440: The largest facility in Texas for providing housing and care to intellectually disabled persons. The city operates as a council–manager government ; as such, it elects its mayor and city council , who then appoint a city manager . The mayor is elected by the city at large, while the city council is elected by ward, with four wards, and each ward elects a single city council member. Two additional council members are elected from

672-758: The later years of the Qing dynasty . Changes of location and names of counties in Chinese history have been a major field of research in Chinese historical geography, especially from the 1960s to the 1980s. There are 1,355 counties in Mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions. In Taiwan , the first counties were first established in 1661 by the Kingdom of Tungning . The later ruler Qing empire inherited this type of administrative divisions. With

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704-775: The provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia the term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. County seats in China are the administrative centers of the counties in the People's Republic of China . Xian have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty . The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized

736-777: The state's area, has no borough government or borough seat. One borough, the Lake and Peninsula Borough , has its borough seat located in another borough, namely King Salmon in Bristol Bay Borough . In Louisiana , which is divided into parishes rather than counties, county seats are referred to as "parish seats". In New England , counties have served mainly as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems. Rhode Island has no county level of government and thus no county seats, and Massachusetts has dissolved many but not all of its county governments. In Vermont , Massachusetts , and Maine county government consists only of

768-416: The towns involved, along with providing employment opportunities. There are 33 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states: Alaska is divided into boroughs rather than counties; the county seat in these case is referred to as the "borough seat"; this includes six consolidated city-borough governments (one of which is styled as a "municipality"). The Unorganized Borough, Alaska , which covers 49% of

800-544: The use of county seats in particular, will fully transition with the permission of the United States Census Bureau to a system of councils of government for the purposes of boundary definition and as county equivalents. Two counties in South Dakota , Oglala Lakota and Todd , have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county. Their county-level services are provided by Fall River County and Tripp County , respectively. In Virginia ,

832-503: The year. The Köppen climate classification describes the weather as humid subtropical , Cfa . As of the 2020 United States census , 17,639 people, 6,197 households, and 3,606 families were residing in the city. As of the census of 2000, 13,507 people, 4,907 households, and 3,115 families lived in the city. The population density was 1,541.5 inhabitants per square mile (595.2/km). The 5,317 housing units had an average density of 606.8 per square mile (234.3/km). The racial makeup of

864-399: Was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.40, and the average family size was 3.01. In the city, the age distribution was 22.5% under 18, 15.9% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 18.8% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.1 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 86.6 males. The median income for

896-602: Was a state agency that supported the state's elderly and disabled population. The agency maintained its headquarters in the John H. Winters Human Services Center at 701 West 51st Street in Austin . The department operated the state supported living centers (formerly "state schools"), which are centers for severely disabled people. DADS was investigated by the U.S. Department of Justice for abuse against clients and mistreatment of care staff. [1] . In September 2017, this agency

928-438: Was an independent city from 1968 to 2013, while also being the county seat of Bedford County . Bedford reverted to an incorporated town, and remains the county seat, though is now part of the county. The state with the most counties is Texas, with 254, and the state with the fewest counties is Delaware, with 3. Texas Department of Aging and Disability Services Texas Department of Aging and Disability Services ( DADS )

960-635: Was divided into 8 prefectures ( 州 and 廳 ), which remained after the Republic of China took over. There are 13 county seats in Taiwan, which function as county-administered cities , urban townships , or rural townships . In most of the United States , a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic area with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government

992-399: Was formerly part of a separate Southern Pacific line between Austin and Houston, though it now terminates within Brenham on both ends. [REDACTED] Category [REDACTED] Texas portal County seat In Canada , the provinces of Ontario , Quebec , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below

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1024-650: Was renamed Brenham in memory of a local physician, Richard Fox Brenham , who died while serving in the Texian militia during the Mier Expedition . On February 4, 1844, Washington County voters selected Brenham to become the county seat. German immigrants settled in Brenham as early as 1846. With the exception of the Civil War years, the German-born population of Brenham increased throughout the second half of

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