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20-597: The party was created at the first congress of the nationalist journal Breiz Atao in Rosporden in September 1927. It followed from establishment of the Unvaniez Yaouankiz Vreiz (UYV: Union of Breton Youth). The steering committee comprised Olier Mordrel , Morvan Marchal and Maurice Duhamel . At Quimper, following the congress, representatives of Brittany, Alsace-Lorraine and Corsica signed

40-599: A plebiscite ". He also suggested the exclusion of foreigners from citizenship, and of all persons of mixed race; people from a Nordic background would be given preference. The new state should ensure "control of youth's education, designed to make men physically and morally healthy". In July 1940, at a Pontivy congress, Debeauvis and Mordrel decided on editing a new journal, L'Heure Bretonne ( The Breton Hour ). This journal succeeded Breiz Atao . However Célestin Lainé , head of Bezen Perrot , an SS-affiliated militia, printed

60-499: A French nationalist journal by the non-francized Bretons. The term is also used for the broader movement associated with the journal's political position. Founded in 1918 in the aftermath of World War I , Breiz Atao would exist throughout the inter-war years. It was highly influenced by the Irish War of Independence , which began in 1916 and whose aftermath ran into the 1920s. Early on it adopted an official pan-Celtic policy, and

80-624: A leftist and federalistic stance. However during the 11 April 1931 congress, the PAB fractured into different factions. The factionalism led to the abandonment of the journal Breiz Atao , which was briefly replaced by the journal "War Sao", run by the nationalist faction in Trégor , Goëlo and Cornouaille , who were preaching (in French) full Breton independence. On 27 December 1931, in Landerneau ,

100-597: A one-off special issue in 1944, containing the recently deceased Debeauvais's statement of support for Lainé's activities. Guingamp Guingamp ( French: [ɡɛ̃ɡɑ̃] ; Breton : Gwengamp [ˈɡwɛ̃ŋɡãmp] ) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department in Brittany in northwestern France . With a population of 7,115 as of 2020, Guingamp is one of the smallest towns in Europe to have

120-757: A return to nationalism without excluding separatism. The nationalists went on to create the Breton National Party at the Congress of Guingamp in August 1931, reviving Breiz Atao as their party's paper. Breiz Atao Breiz Atao (also Breizh Atao ) (in Breton Brittany For Ever cf. Breizh atav ), was a Breton nationalist journal in the mid-twentieth century. It was written in French, and has always been considered as

140-463: A strong pan-Latin use of the French language. In its later years it became associated with a Nordicist blood and soil ideology with aspects in common with Nazism . It ceased publication in 1940, but was revived for an individual issue that appeared in 1944. The journal was first published in January 1919. Initially the editorial group focussed mostly on cultural aspects of Brittany, but very soon

160-558: A top-tier professional football team: En Avant Guingamp , which played in Ligue 1 from 2013 until 2019 . Guingamp station is served by high speed trains to Brest, Rennes and Paris, and regional trains to Brest, Lannion, Carhaix, Paimpol and Rennes. The town has the remains of three successive castles, the last of which was razed to the ground by the order of Cardinal Richelieu in the early 17th century. They were reduced to three towers. Vincent de Bourbon , great-grandson of Louis XIV,

180-565: The Coupe de France against Rennes in the 2008–09 season while it was still part of Ligue 2 . The team returned to Ligue 1 for the 2013–14 season for the first time in 9 years. Guingamp again won the French Cup against Rennes in 2013–14 and qualified for the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League . With 18,120 seats, the Stade de Roudourou which is the club's stadium has a capacity greater than

200-610: The PAB as a candidate in the Guingamp constituency, but he only secured 376 votes. Their candidate in Rennes received 81 votes out of 16084. The PAB's complete failure to gain electoral success in addition the cost of the campaigns had ruined its finances. Moreover, it was unable to compete with the Catholic regionalist party Adsao . François Debeauvais proposed the creation of a weekly newspaper entitled Le Peuple Breton to improve

220-532: The first congress of the new Parti National Breton took place. Breiz Atao reappeared as the mouthpiece of the militants led by Olier Mordrel and François Debauvais . In March 1933, Breiz Atao published a draft political programme, drawn up by Mordrel. In this program, Mordrel created a proposed constitution for an independent Breton state, to which the French state should concede some of its resources, including overseas colonies, art, libraries, industrial equipment etc. Its borders would be determined "by way of

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240-854: The founding charter of Central Committee of the National Minorities of France . The guests were the Alsatian separatists, Paul Schall and Hermann Bickler , the Corsican separatist Petru Rocca , the Flemish Franz Wielders , and, more discreetly, Hans-Otto Wagner , the German representative who established links between the Breton movement and the Abwehr . Maurice Duhamel became editor of Breiz Atao and attempted to steer

260-531: The group. Breiz Atao organised a congress (in French) in September 1927 in Rosporden at which the Breton Autonomist Party (Parti Autonomiste Breton, or PAB) was founded. At its first meeting Maurice Duhamel was charged with maintaining links with wider French speaking political movements in France, in particular the French left wing, and became chief-editor of Breiz Atao . He gave the PAB

280-677: The journal evolved into the official forum of the Breton French-speaking autonomist movement. Its founders were Camille Le Mercier d'Erm , Job Loyant , Morvan Marchal and Job de Roincé . It was founded by the Groupe Régionaliste Breton , presided by Job Breiz , collaborating with Korentin Kerlann ). They were soon joined by young French speaking intellectuals Yann Bricler , Olier Mordrel and François Debauvais , who soon took up important roles within

300-499: The party to establish links to wider French politics, particularly with the French left. Having more political experience than the other leaders, he guided the PAB to a broadly leftist and federalist position with the intention to forge an alliance with the French Communist Party , which, under the leadership of Marcel Cachin , supported the struggles of national minorities in France up until 1932. In August 1928, at

320-411: The party's public profile, but it could not be published for lack of funding. The two election failures, and the financial crisis crystallized the party's internal quarrels. A final attempt at conciliation took place at the annual party Congress April 11, 1931. It was a failure, and the party broke up under the differences. It split between the federalists on the one hand and nationalists on the other. At

340-514: The same congress, it was decided to relinquish the newspaper Breiz Atao . The federalists ( Morvan Marchal , Yann-Morvan Gefflot , Goulven Mazéas , René-Yves Creston , Le Men, Abeozen ) went on to create the Breton Federalist League whose new journal was Federal Brittany . Breiz Atao was briefly replaced by the journal War Zao , run by the nationalist faction in Trégor , Goëlo and Haute- Cornouaille , which called for

360-468: The second party congress, in Châteaulin , a statement was drafted which proclaimed that Brittany has all "the characteristics of a nationality to meet the modern definitions", and that the Breton people should have "the right to self-determination". In 1929 Duhamel wrote the PAB's manifesto, The Question of Brittany in its European Framework . At elections in 1930, Goulven Mazéas was put forward by

380-431: The total population of Guingamp (7,115 inhabitants). The Saint Loup festival, a national competition of Breton dances and international festival, takes place every in around mid August. It culminates in a traditional dance called la Dérobée de Guingamp . The festival features Celtic musicians from Asturias , Ireland , Galicia , Scotland , Wales , and elsewhere. Breton dance features in other cultural manifestations and

400-516: Was Count of Guingamp from 1750 to his death in 1752. Guingamp is an urban commune part of the urban unit of Guingamp with 5 others cities of the department representing 22,049 inhabitant. The commune is also part of the Guingamp functional area . This area, which includes 15 communes, is categorized as an area of less than 50,000 inhabitants in 2020. The city is well-known for its professional football team, En Avant de Guingamp , which won

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