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136-775: The SV-1 was the creation of Malcolm Bricklin . Prior to his Bricklin, built in New Brunswick, Canada, with a loan from the Provincial government, Bricklin is noted as the first businessman to import the Subaru brand into the U.S. in 1968. The Bricklin Canada assembly plant was located in the Grandview Industrial Park in Saint John, New Brunswick , at 150 Industrial Drive. A separate facility to produce

272-613: A '75 Bricklin with the Ford engine proved to be nearly a match for a '75 Corvette in every performance category—and the Bricklin's power-operated gullwing doors maxed out the "coefficient of cool" metric. Car and Driver concluded that despite some build quality and ergonomic deficiencies, and a price disadvantage, the Bricklin was "a tangible threat to the Corvette." Intended for the US market,

408-517: A 3-speed Torque Command automatic (AMC's rebranded TorqueFlite 727 ) or a BorgWarner T-10 4-speed manual . Of the 772 cars built in 1974, 137 received the manual. Cars built in 1975 mounted a 351 cu in (5.8 L) Windsor V8 from Ford , a change which required an extensive redesign of the car's subframe. With a single two-barrel carburetor this later engine produces 175 hp (130.5 kW) and 286 ft⋅lb (387.8 N⋅m) of torque. As Ford had no manual transmission EPA certified for

544-429: A BA degree—were taught in 1890, and the first degrees were conferred in 1894. As the university grew, McMaster Hall started to become overcrowded. The suggestion to move the university to Hamilton was first brought up by a student and Hamilton native in 1909, although the proposal was not seriously considered by the university until two years later. By the 1920s, after previous proposals between various university staff,

680-519: A Baptist-run institution until 1957, when provincial legislation allowed for the governance of the university to pass from the Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec, to a privately chartered, publicly funded arrangement. McMaster's Faculty of Theology was spun-off into McMaster Divinity College, a separately-chartered affiliated college of the university. From 1911 to 1938, Brandon College (reincorporated as Brandon University in 1967)

816-405: A PhD program until 1949. Through the 1950s increased funding advanced the place of sciences within the institution. In 1950, the university had completed the construction of three academic buildings for the sciences, all designed by local architect William Russell Souter. Public funding was eventually necessary to ensure the humanities and social sciences were given an equal place. Thus, in 1957

952-522: A department of the university. The university's campus has gone through continuous development since 1928. The main campus's six original buildings are of Collegiate Gothic architecture, designed by William Lyon Somerville , who also laid out the initial campus plan. They are now flanked by over fifty structures built predominantly from the 1940s to 1960s. The largest facility is the McMaster University Medical Centre ,

1088-509: A franchised chain at age 19. Named Handyman America and open seven days a week, Bricklin left behind his interest in 1960 after dozens of lawsuits and judgments stemming from the chain, — shortly before the chain's bankruptcy. In the mid-1960s, after he sold his interest in Handyman , Bricklin moved back to Philadelphia. When he was exploring establishing a network of gas stations that would rent scooters, he went to Japan to meet with

1224-644: A miniature version of the SV-1 to existing Bricklin owners through the pages of the Bricklin International quarterly magazine. The cars were powered by a 3 hp (2.2 kW) Briggs & Stratton gasoline engine and could be ordered in any of the Bricklin factory colours. List price was $ 550.00. The serial number of each mini-Bricklin was the same as that of the buyer's full-size car. Malcolm Bricklin Malcolm N. Bricklin (born March 9, 1939)

1360-634: A model of environmental responsibility. On 21 October 2010, the university signed two accords addressing the issue of climate change: the Talloires Declaration and the University and College Presidents' Climate Change Statement of Action for Canada . The university campus received a B grade from the Sustainable Endowments Institute on its College Sustainability Report Card for 2011. The governance of

1496-587: A multi-use research hospital that is home to the second-largest neonatal intensive care unit and the third-largest child and youth mental health unit in the country. It is connected to the Life Sciences building and the Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning & Discovery, which houses many well-funded research groups in areas of genetics , infectious diseases , and several specific conditions. The McMaster Nuclear Reactor (MNR) has been

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1632-599: A new Faculty of Graduate Studies. Construction of the McMaster Nuclear Reactor also began in 1957, and was the first university-based research reactor in the Commonwealth when it began operating in 1959. In 1965, with the support of the Ontario government, the university established a medical school and teaching hospital, graduating its first class of physicians in 1972. In 1968 the university

1768-576: A plan to transform high-end car dealers into high-end art dealers, after becoming interested in the business aspect of art. Born March 9, 1939, in Philadelphia to Jewish parents, young Malcolm had one of his first jobs stretching hides in his family's furrier shop. He grew up in Orlando, Florida. Bricklin said that as a child, he never liked to eat; "stopping to eat meant I had to stop playing." "The things that people see as failures are often

1904-518: A plush interior, ground-effects package, alloy wheels , rally lights , and a centre high mount stop lamp. The Cabrio convertible was introduced in 1988. Bricklin sold his interest in Yugo in 1988 for $ 20 million. On May 30, 1992 United Nations sanctions were imposed, severing Yugoslavia from world trade. The effects of the United Nations sanctions on Yugoslavia forced Zastava to withdraw

2040-541: A popular destination for walkers who use the many trails that connect the campus to Royal Botanical Gardens . While the main campus is 152.4 hectares (377 acres), most of the teaching facilities are within the core 12.1 hectares (30 acres). In addition to its main campus in Hamilton, McMaster owns several other properties around Hamilton as well as in Burlington , Kitchener , and St. Catharines, Ontario . In 2017,

2176-508: A road-going proof-of-concept car to Bruce Meyers , but responsibility for the design soon transferred to Marshall Hobart. Dick Dean built the car, which was complete by December 1972. This car became known as the Grey Ghost . When completed the car had a six-cylinder Chrysler Slant-6 engine instead of a four. Other features included a rear suspension from a Datsun 510 , a braking system that drew parts from Opel, Datsun and Toyota, and

2312-415: A series of price increases that more than doubled the price of the car in two years. Production of the SV-1 ended with just under 3,000 cars built. An estimated 1,700 Bricklins were surviving as of 2012. Consolidated Motors acquired the inventory of the defunct Bricklin company, among which were several partially assembled cars later completed by Consolidated and sold as 1976 models. Consolidated also built

2448-488: A small number of SV-1s up from bare chassis, which were also sold as 1976 models. Bricklin had incorporated some minor body changes in the car for 1976. In a test done by Car and Driver magazine in May 1975 the performance of the Bricklin was found to be comparable to the contemporary Corvette , the only other V8-powered 2-seat plastic-bodied North American sports car at the time. On the other hand, automotive critic Dan Neil found

2584-434: A sponsored research income of $ 379.959 million in 2017, McMaster has the seventh largest sponsored research income amongst Canadian universities. In the 2015–2016 academic year, the federal government was the largest source of McMaster's sponsored research income (excluding affiliated hospitals), providing 61.4 per cent of McMaster's research budget, primarily through grants. Corporate research income account for 7.3 per cent of

2720-495: A standardized score relative to the class mean. Due to the overwhelming success and research supporting the use of the PPI as an evaluation tool, it is now used in Canada, US, Europe, and Australia. McMaster University has placed in post-secondary school rankings. In the 2022 Academic Ranking of World Universities rankings, the university ranked 90th in the world and fourth in Canada. The 2024 QS World University Rankings ranked

2856-662: A tilting steering wheel from a Chevrolet. In 1972 the Bricklin Vehicle Corporation began working with Herb Grasse Design and AVC Engineering to redesign and re-engineer the car. Three prototypes were built with assistance from AVC. AVC engineer Tom Monroe would later join Bricklin as Chief Engineer. Design of the production SV-1 was done by Herb Grasse, a graduate of the ArtCenter College of Design who had earlier been employed by both Chrysler and Ford. Grasse had also worked with George Barris on

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2992-683: A value of $ 98.7 million. The collection includes works by Gustave Courbet , Claude Monet , Camille Pissarro , Walter Sickert and Vincent van Gogh . The museum also boasts the most comprehensive collection of German expressionist and Weimar period prints in Canada. As of August 2022, McMaster has thirteen smoke-free student residences: Bates Residence, Brandon Hall, Edwards Hall, Hedden Hall, Les Prince Hall, Mary E. Keyes Residence, Matthews Hall, McKay Hall, Moulton Hall, Peter George Centre for Living and Learning, Wallingford Hall, Whidden Hall, and Woodstock Hall. McMaster's student residences can accommodate 4,186 students. The latest residence to be built

3128-435: A wide range of irradiation, laboratory, and holding facilities, which include a cyclotron , an accelerator, a small-angle neutron-scattering detector, and wide-angle neutron scattering facilities. The cyclotron is used for the production of fluorine-18 , and is used for research purposes, particularly the development of novel molecular imaging agents. The university's library system is a member of 31 organizations, including

3264-412: A wireless security remote fob, LED turn signals in the mirrors, and a front disc brake. The suggested retail price was $ 1,400 to $ 1,900, depending on options. This was roughly one-third the price of an inexpensive new car, and even a youth-oriented marketing campaign that included a super hero comic book (The EV Warriors) failed to generate enough interest. The company filed for bankruptcy in 1996. When

3400-522: Is an American businessman, widely known for an unorthodox career spanning more than six decades with numerous prominent failures and successes — primarily manufacturing or importing automobiles to the United States, ultimately starting over thirty companies throughout the course of his business career. After franchising his father's hardware stores at age 19, Bricklin founded Subaru of America, Inc. in 1968, founded General Vehicles to manufacture

3536-687: Is drawn from 13 departments in the Faculties of Science, Engineering, and Health Sciences, as well as several Canadian and international universities. Facilities of the BIMR include the Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, Centre for Crystal Growth, McMaster Analytical Xray Facility, Electronic and Magnetic Characterization Facility, and the Photonics Research Laboratories. The Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy

3672-472: Is headquartered within the park. UNU-INWEH is the only United Nations agency headquartered in Ontario and the only North American host site for a United Nations University, after moving to McMaster Innovation Park on 23 April 2008. The Office of Sustainability, created as the All-modes Commuting & Transportation Office in 2002, is charged with promoting sustainable operations and growth at

3808-534: Is home to the world's most powerful electron microscope ; the Titan 80–300 cubed microscope has a magnification of 14 million and is used for material, medical, and nanotechnology research. The Biology Greenhouse holds 217 plants in a 780-square-metre (8,400 sq ft) facility, and is used as a teaching and research facility by the Department of Biology. In addition to maintaining its permanent collection,

3944-419: Is impregnated with the body's colour, which had the potential to reduce costs, as it eliminated the need for the factory to paint the cars in a separate step. The five "Safety" colours offered were one of the few options buyers had. The doors, which weigh 90 lb (40.8 kg) each, are raised by hydraulic cylinders controlled by switches in the interior, and take up to 12 seconds to open or close. The system

4080-620: Is in downtown Kitchener, where it shares facilities with the Health Sciences Campus of the University of Waterloo . The campus in St. Catharines is at Brock University 's Niagara Health and Bioscience Research Complex. Approximately 30 medical students in each year of the program attend each campus. Those who apply to McMaster's School of Medicine are asked to rank their site choice (Hamilton, Niagara Region, Waterloo Region) from first to third, or no preference. Offers of admission to

4216-599: Is on 121 hectares (300 acres) of land near the residential neighbourhoods of Ainslie Wood and Westdale , adjacent to the Royal Botanical Gardens . It operates six academic faculties : the DeGroote School of Business , Engineering , Health Sciences , Humanities, Social Science , and Science . It is a member of the U15 , a group of research-intensive universities in Canada. The university bears

Bricklin SV-1 - Misplaced Pages Continue

4352-411: Is sensitive to the condition of the car's battery, as well as being prone to breakdown. The system uses a single hydraulic pump and has no hydraulic interlock, so opening one door and closing the other at the same time has the potential to destroy the pump. The Bricklin's chassis is a steel perimeter frame with an integrated "Steel Roll-Over Module" . The front and rear bumpers are designed to absorb

4488-672: Is the centre of student life and programming. It has a café, study space, common areas, and several administrative departments, including the CIBC Conference Hall. The MUSC contains the offices of a number of student organizations, including the McMaster Students Union and The Silhouette weekly newspaper as well as other services such as the Campus Health Centre and the campus dentist. The university has over twenty dining outlets throughout

4624-551: Is the university's policy for a student-centred, problem-based, interdisciplinary approach to learning. During the 1960s the McMaster University Medical School pioneered problem-based learning (PBL) tutorials that have since been adopted by other fields in the Faculty of Health Science, as well as other faculties and programs in the university. The PBL tutorial model has since been adopted into

4760-485: Is used for research, educational, and commercial applications such as neutron radiography, and medical radioisotope production; including 60 per cent of the world's supply of iodine-125 , an isotope used in nuclear medicine to treat prostate cancer. The production of molybdenum-99 has occasionally been moved to the university's reactor, when production at the National Research Universal reactor

4896-620: Is within the campus of the university. As an affiliated institution, two members of the Divinity College sit on the university's senate, as well as appoint one representative to sit in the university's board of governors. However, the Divinity College operates with its own senate and board of trustees. Although Divinity College has the authority to confer their own degrees, students taking the college's Master of Divinity and Master of Theological Studies are awarded degrees by McMaster University. Students of Divinity College have access to

5032-630: Is within the former Bank of Montreal Pavilion at Lloyd D. Jackson Square . McMaster had also announced construction of the McMaster Downtown Health Campus in downtown Hamilton had begun in December 2012. The Health Campus is expected to provide teaching spaces, exam rooms and clinical spaces for local residents. The Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine is on the main campus as well as in two regional campuses at St. Catharines and Kitchener. The Waterloo Regional Campus

5168-758: The Association of Research Libraries . Around 2.8 million articles were downloaded from the library system's electronic journal collection during the 2016 academic year. The university library employs 138 professional, and support staff. The library's resource expenditure for the 2016–2017 academic year was approximately $ 11.5 million, with 81 per cent of the budget allocated to serial and e-resource subscriptions, 9 per cent on hard copy acquisitions, and 10 per cent to membership and collections support. The library system include four libraries housing 1,274,265 paper books and 3,689,973 total resources, including videos, maps, sound recordings, and microfilm. Mills Library houses

5304-648: The Bricklin SV-1 (1974–76), imported and marketed Fiat X1/9 and Fiat 124 Sport Spider (1982), imported and marketed under the name Yugo the Zastava Koral hatchback from the then-Yugoslavia (1985−92), manufactured and marketed an electric bicycle as the EV Warrior (1982), and contracted to import and distribute vehicles made by the Chinese company Chery (2004). In 2017, at age 78, he promoted

5440-631: The Bricklin SV1s were manufactured in Canada in the province of New Brunswick which sought to address its unemployment, nearing 25% in the mid-’70s. New Brunswick Premier Richard Hatfield supported the Province’s involvement in the Bricklin venture as a way of establishing a manufacturing base that could provide steady, high paying jobs and attract interest in the Province through the publicity

5576-636: The DeGroote School of Business , the Faculty of Health Sciences , the Faculty of Humanities, the Faculty of Engineering , the Faculty of Science , and the Faculty of Social Sciences . By enrolment, McMaster's largest faculty in September 2016 was the Faculty of Science, with 7,004 full-time and part-time undergraduate and graduate students. The Faculty of Humanities was the smallest faculty by enrolment, with 2,729 full-time and part-time undergraduate and graduate students. The Faculty of Health Sciences holds

Bricklin SV-1 - Misplaced Pages Continue

5712-459: The "Chairman". While mechanically similar to the existing car, Chairman cars were to have a larger engine than the stock SV-1. Visually they would be distinguished by black interior and a black body with gold stripes, gold coloured wheels and trim, and a gold-plated toolkit. The buyer was to be flown to the assembly plant to watch their car being built and receive a gold jumpsuit along with the car on delivery. Two existing SV-1s were used to prototype

5848-546: The 1970s, including exceeding US crash protection standards. The SV-1 protected occupants with a tubular steel perimeter frame, roll cage and a chassis capable of withstanding a high velocity impact without deformation. The car didn't include a cigarette lighter or ashtray, as Bricklin viewed smoking while driving as unsafe. The Bricklin featured a vacuum forming process with color-impregnated acrylic bonded to fiberglass body panels. The car garnered mostly positive coverage from consumer media. In Car & Driver's comparison test,

5984-537: The 2016–2017 academic year, McMaster students received approximately C$ 100,972,910 in Ontario Student Assistance Program loans and C$ 40,061,756 in grants, approximately $ 140,981,009 in total. In the same year students received C$ 10,135,233.65 in bursaries. The university international student exchange agreements with over 100 universities outside Canada, enabling its students to earn credits while studying abroad. The McMaster Model

6120-536: The 351W engine, transmission options were limited to the Ford FMX 3-speed automatic. The cars have no cigarette lighters or ashtrays . There is also no provision for a spare tire. In November 1974 Bricklin announced that they would supply five SV-1s to the police department in Scottsdale, Arizona . Only three 1974 cars were ultimately delivered. The cars were leased to the city for $ 1 each. The Bricklins had

6256-578: The Biology Greenhouse also grows plants for both short-term research studies. In addition, the university also operates the McMaster Nuclear Reactor , used for nuclear science and engineering research since 1959. The university regularly acquires an operating license for the reactor from the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission , with the latest 10-year license issued on 1 July 2014. The swimming pool reactor

6392-698: The Chairman. Prototype #3 was used for the car's exterior appearance, and SV-1 VIN #1339 was used for interior development. Work on the car began in Arizona in June 1975 and moved to Livonia by July. The Chairman did not reach production. The unfinished interior model VIN #1339 was bought by former Bricklin Manufacturing Engineering manager Terry Tanner and completed in the style of a Chairman. In 1978 mini-car builder F.W. & Associates offered

6528-645: The Chery trademark in North America, the name 'Chirey' is used for the Mexican market instead of Chery. In 2005, The New York Times said Bricklin is "often likened to an automotive version of P. T. Barnum ." In 2009, noted documentarian Morgan Spurlock said Bricklin "goes nonstop. He’s testosterone unleashed, a brilliant negotiator and an incredible character." In 2013, Rolling Stone described him as "brash, bombastic, and pathologically prone to betting

6664-513: The City of Hamilton, the Province of Ontario, and the Government of Canada. In the 2024-25 academic year, the largest source of revenue for the university was tuition fees, followed by operating grants provided by the government. As of 30 April 2023, McMaster's external financial endowment was valued at C$ 589.4 million. The financing of McMaster's scholarships and bursaries takes up 40 per cent of

6800-499: The Hamilton Chamber of Commerce launched a campaign to bring McMaster University to Hamilton. As the issue of space at McMaster Hall became more acute, the university administration debated the future of the university . The university nearly became federated with the University of Toronto , as had been the case with Trinity College and Victoria College . Instead, in 1927, the university administration decided to move

6936-740: The International Automotive Dealers Association; and Per Arnberg, President of Fram Shipowning, LTD, an international shipping company. Working with Atlantic Pacific Capital, he brought in George Soros , who put $ 200,000,000 in escrow to help bring Chery to the U.S. He also retained New York marketing and public relations firms that generated worldwide exposure for Chery. After spending two years and $ 26 million to bring Chery’s manufacturing capabilities up to international standards and to create awareness of Chery, Visionary Vehicles discovered that Chery

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7072-538: The Red Car . While some references say that it, like the Grey Ghost, had a Chrysler slant-6 engine, pictures exist of a Bricklin identified as the Red Car with an Argentine-sourced version of the Kaiser/Jeep Tornado inline six-cylinder engine from an IKA-Renault Torino installed. All subsequent prototypes had V8 engines. As many as eight prototypes were eventually built. The E.M.C. Company consulted on

7208-666: The U.S. market, Bricklin created International Automobile Importers (IAI) in 1982 to import the Fiat X1/9 and 2000 roadster , renaming them the Bertone and the Pininfarina Azzurra. The company was profitable, but when Cadillac subsequently made a joint venture with Pininfarina , IAI was told that Cadillac didn't want a $ 14,000 Pininfarina being sold next to its $ 55,000 Pininfarina-manufactured Allanté — and gave IAI six months before they cancelled production of

7344-437: The US were the 1968-1969 Subaru 360 and the 1970 Subaru FF-1 Star . Less than six months after the company formed, it became a public company and has been from 1968. Subaru of America became the only import car company that was publicly traded, making small fortunes for Bricklin and COO Harvey Lamm. In 1971, Bricklin created a franchise named FasTrack, combining RV sales with shopping center parking lot race courses, where

7480-775: The US, examining the United Kingdom, India, Poland and after seeing their factory and meeting the executive staff, he decided to enter into an Importation Agreement with Chery Automobile Company , which is located in the Anhui Province of China and owned by the Provincial Anhui Government. Visionary Vehicles (now named VCars, LLC) entered into a joint venture in December 2004 to import five different models of cars into North America. Bricklin staffed an Engineering office in Detroit to direct

7616-572: The Zastava Koral, marketing it as the Yugo . Bricklin and his engineers suggested some 600 changes for the U.S. market, including a 1.1-liter 4-cylinder engine, improvements in the anti-pollution system, comfort adjustments, safety devices, and special carburetors for lead-free gasoline. In addition to the main Kragujevac complex, about 200 smaller Yugoslav factories manufactured parts for

7752-411: The acrylic layer, potentially degrading the polyester resins that were used to bond the acrylic to the fiberglass below. To address these issues the company brought in polymer expert Archie Hamielec from McMaster University in Hamilton. A significant problem was lack of adhesion between the acrylic layer and the fiberglass. According to sources inside the company, as much as 60% of the acrylic used in

7888-480: The archives of Bertrand Russell , and of labour unions. The McMaster Museum of Art's (MMA) principal role is to support the academic mission of McMaster University and to contribute to the discourse on art in Canada. The museum has the highest attendance figures for a university-affiliated museum in Canada, with 30,000 visitors in 2016. Established in 1967, the museum houses and exhibits the university's art collection. As of 2015, that collection of 5,971 pieces holds

8024-487: The arts and sciences. In September 2016, 278 undergraduate students were enrolled in the Arts and Science program. The university also jointly administers several undergraduate collaborative programs with Mohawk College , in which 2,697 students are enrolled. The university also awards degrees to graduate students of McMaster Divinity College. The Divinity College was originally the university's Faculty of Theology, before it

8160-490: The bike to 15-20 MPH depending on the size of the rider with a range of about 17 miles before it needed a charge. The EV Warrior came in seven colors, resembling a mountain bike with a large box behind the seat that straddled the rear wheel. Inside the box were two 24-volt electric motors powered by two rechargeable sealed 12-volt lead-acid batteries. The bike used advanced technology for the time, with halogen headlights, LED taillights and brake lights, and offered options such as

8296-568: The bodywork was in Minto, New Brunswick . With the support of New Brunswick premier , Richard Hatfield , the provincial government provided $ 4.5 million of financing. The government believed that this money would be used to cover expenses incurred to begin the production of cars, when in fact it was used for the engineering and development of the car as well as salaries and operations of the Phoenix-headquartered company. The SV-1

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8432-433: The campus, including two major residence dining facilities. The university has several vegetarian establishments, such as a completely vegetarian cafe known as Bridges Café and a farmers market stand. The university was voted as the country's most vegan-friendly university through People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) for a number of years. Several other dining outlets at McMaster have garnered awards throughout

8568-483: The car from every export market. After embargoes stifled production, NATO bombed the company's automotive facilities in 1999, instead of its munitions division. The Yugo was subject to derision by critics who pointed to its use of older Fiat technology. It was voted Car Talk 's worst car of the millennium. Defenders argued that Yugo's reputation suffered when owners failed to perform basic maintenance. Popular Mechanics magazine surveyed 1,000 Yugo buyers and published

8704-420: The car provided. Production began in mid 1974 and continued through late 1975, employing over 1200 people in the Saint John and Minto, New Brunswick plants. In September 1975, after building 2,854 cars, and General Vehicles having set up over 400 US automobile dealers with 40,000 back orders, the Province refused to provide further financial assistance and forced the company into receivership. After Fiat left

8840-405: The car used parts from Bendix. Production Bricklins are powered by one of two OHV V8 engines , depending on the year of manufacture. Cars built in 1974 received a 360 cu in (5.9 L) AMC V8 from American Motors . With a single four-barrel carburetor this engine produces 220 hp (164.1 kW) and 315 ft⋅lb (427.1 N⋅m) of torque. Transmission options for the year are

8976-411: The car's performance underwhelming due to its weight and named it to his 50 Worst Cars of All Time list, saying, "This thing couldn't outrun the Rose Bowl Parade." The SV-1 is a two-door, two-seat hatchback with gull-wing doors, hidden headlamps and a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout . Its bodywork is a composite material made up of acrylic resin bonded to a fibreglass substrate. The acrylic

9112-420: The cars. Bricklin had his own people at the plant to monitor the effort, stressing high quality. A team of British quality experts sent a cadre to Kragujevac to study the factory and recommend improvements. The first shipment of the Yugos arrived via ship from Bar, Montenegro in Baltimore, Maryland in July 1985. The Yugo was the fastest-selling car ever in the US from Europe, 163,000 in three years, and

9248-563: The cars. Seeking to import a simple, low cost car to the U.S. market, Bricklin was introduced to Zastava Automobiles , manufactured in Kragujevac Yugoslavia – now Serbia. Zastava had produced cars since 1953 under a license from the Italian company Fiat. In 1984, the entire Yugoslav car industry produced 236,000 cars, 58,000 of which were exported. Bricklin, senior advisor Henry Kissinger , former U.S. Under-Secretary of State and Yugo board member Lawrence Eagleburger , and Global Motors executives met with Zastava. Bricklin agreed to import

9384-458: The catalogue of McMaster University Library, while students of the university similarly have access to the Canadian Baptist Archives, managed by the university's library system. The university and the divinity college were incorporated as the same institution in 1887, a result of a merger between two Baptist institutions, the Canadian Literary Institute in Woodstock , Ontario, and Toronto Baptist College. McMaster University continued to operate as

9520-403: The chairman of the board-senate committee on long-range planning. The Board also consists of 34 other governors, either appointed or elected by the various members of the university's community, including elected representatives from the student body. While The McMaster University Act, 1976 outlines that the board be only composed of 37 members, the Board also includes 12 honorary members, bringing

9656-571: The changes required to meet and exceed safety the homologation requirements in the United States. He established a dealer network in the United States and Canada. Bricklin hired consultants, advisors and employees with financial and automotive experience, including Allen and company; Atlantic Pacific Capital; Ambassador van den Heuvel, former US Ambassador to the United Nations; Maurice Strong, former United Nations undersecretary; Ron Harbour, of Harbour Consultants, international automobile factory evaluators; Marianne McInerney, former President of

9792-402: The company folded, Electric Bicycle company was purchased by Lee Iacocca who renamed the company EV Global. That company no longer exists. Currie later founded Currie Cruisers and co-founded Real Spirit USA, to further develop the electric bicycles. Beginning in 2002, Bricklin embarked on a three-year journey around the world to find a manufacturing partner to help him create a value brand in

9928-436: The composite acrylic/fiberglass body panel technology. The acrylic resin first selected would blister at temperatures as low as 150 °F (65.6 °C). A substitute resin able to withstand higher temperatures was thinner than the original product, requiring an extra layer of fiberglass in the panel and increasing weight, so Bricklin reverted to the original resin. It was also discovered that ultraviolet light could pass through

10064-459: The conversion of the 1955 Lincoln Futura show car into the television Batmobile . It is claimed that Grasse opted to use the same taillamp units fitted to his personal DeTomaso Pantera for the Bricklin. These Carello units were also used on cars from Maserati and Lamborghini, but originally appeared on the Alfa Romeo 2000 Berlina . The first of the original three prototypes became known as

10200-568: The curriculums of other medical schools in Canada, and more than 80 per cent of medical schools in the United States. In 1991, McMaster's School of Medicine adopted progress testing , developing the personal progress index (PPI), a system based on progress testing invented concurrently by the University of Missouri-Kansas City 's medical school and the Maastricht University . The PPI is used as an objective method for assessing acquisition and retention of knowledge for students in

10336-491: The dean of adult education, the principal of McMaster Divinity College, and the chairman of the Undergraduate Council. The senate also consists of 51 other members, appointed or elected by the various communities of the university, including elected representatives of the student body. Meetings of the board of governors and the senate are open to the public. The president acts as the chief executive officer of

10472-450: The demand for technological expertise, particularly in the sciences, increased. This problem placed a strain on the finances of what was still a denominational Baptist institution. In particular, the institution could no longer secure sufficient funds from denominational sources alone to sustain science research. Since denominational institutions could not receive public funds, the Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec decided to reorganize

10608-524: The development of advanced manufacturing and materials, biotechnology, automotive, and nanotechnology. In July 2005 the federal government announced it would relocate CANMET, a federal government materials research laboratory, from its Ottawa centre to Hamilton. This decision helped spearhead the development of the McMaster Innovation Park . The United Nations University -International Network on Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH)

10744-409: The endowments received. Financial Services comprises the following areas: Student Accounts & Cashiers, Financial Accounting and Reporting, and Budgeting Services. The university has been registered as an educational charitable organization in Canada since 1 January 1967. As of 2011, the university is registered primarily as a post-secondary institution, with 70 per cent of the charity dedicated to

10880-786: The failed deal. The lawsuit against Chery Automobile was arbitrated in Hong Kong and Visionary Vehicles received an award, subject to a confidentiality provision. Having discovered Dennis Gore’s role in undermining the joint venture with Chery, Visionary Vehicles also sued Gore in Federal Court, in Detroit, Michigan. A Federal jury returned a verdict in favor of V Cars, LLC, finding that KCA Engineering LLC, controlled by Dennis Gore, committed fraud and other offenses and awarded $ 2 million in damages to Visionary Vehicles. In 2022 Chery started selling cars in Mexico , but due to Bricklin owning

11016-557: The farm on pie-in-the-sky automotive endeavors." In 2017, Autoweek said Bricklin has "a mind that works like a machine gun." Keith Crain, publisher of Automotive News , said Bricklin is "like one of those toy clowns that when you punch it, it bounces right back up." McMaster University McMaster University ( McMaster or Mac ) is a public research university in Hamilton, Ontario , Canada. The main McMaster campus

11152-559: The first EV Warriors by late 1993. The electric bike was initially built using a custom aluminum mountain bike frame from Zimmark Corporation in Malaysia. Later versions used a Giant frame produced in Taiwan. All versions used a 6-speed Shimano rear derailleur with GripShift handlebar controller. The rider could pedal unaided by the motors, or could activate them with a thumb switch on the handle bar. That smoothly, quietly and quickly took

11288-521: The first few months of production was lost due to failures during the pressing and bonding stage, and another 10% was lost to damage during shipment of the parts from the Minto plant to Saint John. The only test for the integrity of the parts was one suggested by Albert Bricklin, Malcolm's father, who proposed striking each part that came out of the presses with a seven pound hammer; if the part did not delaminate it passed. Even after an acceptable bonding method

11424-462: The force of a 5 mph (8 km/h) impact. The front suspension uses A-arms and coil springs and is made up of parts shared with a variety of existing AMC models. At the rear is a Hotchkiss system of leaf springs on a live axle . Braking is by power-assisted 11 in (279 mm) discs in front and 10 in (254 mm) drums in back. Kelsey-Hayes provided the brake components for Bricklins built from 1974 to early 1975, after which

11560-525: The fourth best university in Canada. In Maclean's 2023 rankings, McMaster placed fourth in their Medical-Doctoral university category, and fifth in their reputation survey for Canadian universities. McMaster was ranked in spite of having opted out from participation in Maclean's graduate survey since 2006. McMaster also placed in a number of rankings that evaluated the employment prospects of graduates. In QS ' s 2022 graduate employability ranking,

11696-487: The highest graduate enrolment, with 1,144 graduate students. A number of university students are enrolled in interdisciplinary programs, administered by two or more faculties, including 549 graduate students. At the undergraduate level, the Arts and Science program is taught jointly by the six faculties at McMaster. Created in 1981, the program aims to provide a broad-based, liberal education, providing substantial work in both

11832-794: The humanities and social sciences collections, with a wide range of print and digital resources. Innis Library houses content which supports the academic and research interests of the DeGroote School of Business. Thode Library houses academic material of various disciplines of science and engineering, while the Health Science Library houses books pertaining to medical sciences. The William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections at McMaster University consist of papers of Canadian publishers; British personalities and of Canadian literary figures such as Farley Mowat , Pierre Berton , Matt Cohen , and Marian Engel . It includes

11968-572: The idea of electric cars. California had just enacted the Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) regulation in 1990 which mandated 3% of a vehicle manufacturer's products would have to be zero emission (electric) by the year 2000. An electric bike that could be sold through dealerships seemed like a perfect way to address the requirements of that mandate. Bricklin and Currie formed the Electric Bicycle Company, and produced

12104-492: The incumbent president of the university. The university president, David H. Farrar , has served the post on an interim basis since 1 July 2019, although his tenure as the official university president did not begin until the following year. David Farrar's tenure will end in 2025, following the announcement of his resignation. A new president has yet to be announced. McMaster University is affiliated with one post-secondary institution, McMaster Divinity College . The seminary

12240-584: The largest university reactor in the Commonwealth since it began operation and is the second largest research reactor in North America. It is a "pool-type" reactor with a core of enriched uranium fuel moderated and cooled by distilled water . While the MNR's primary purpose is research and the production of medical isotopes , the MNR serves students in nuclear engineering, medical and health physics, and other applied radiation sciences. The university provides

12376-525: The leadership of a dean. McMaster University is in the city of Hamilton, Ontario, in the Golden Horseshoe along the western end of Lake Ontario . The main campus is bordered to the north by Cootes Paradise , an extensive natural marshland ; to the east and west by residential neighbourhoods; and to its south by Main Street West , a major transportation artery. Its northern boundaries are

12512-617: The management and maintenance of the university. The remaining 30 per cent has been dedicated under research. McMaster is a publicly funded research university, and a member of the Universities Canada . McMaster functions on a semester system, operating year-round on academic semesters, fall/winter and spring/summer. In the 2016–2017 academic year, the university had an enrolment of 31,265 students; 26,780 undergraduate students, 4,485 graduate students. Programs, departments, and schools at McMaster are divided among six faculties,

12648-510: The manufacturer of the Rabbit scooter , Fuji Heavy Industries , to arrange for the purchase and importation of their scooters — at a time when Fuji was just getting out of manufacturing scooters and was concentrating on their automotive business. At the meeting, Bricklin saw Fuji’s Subaru 360 mini-car, which got up to 60 miles to a gallon of gas and did not require federalizing in the United States because it weighed under 1,000 pounds. He

12784-618: The medical practice. A McMaster research group led by David Sackett and later Gordon Guyatt had been credited for establishing the methodologies used in evidence-based medicine . Research institutes operated by the Faculty of Health Science include the Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health , and the Population Health Research Institute . The faculty also operates a Biosafety Level 3 laboratory. Other research institutes operated by

12920-426: The medical program. The PPI is administered at regular intervals to all students in the program, regardless of their level of training, and plots students' scores as they move through the program. Students typically score 20 per cent on their first examination, and increase by five to seven per cent with each successive examination. Students can monitor the changes in their scores and receive formative feedback based on

13056-453: The medical school are made from a rank list irrespective of geographical preference. Subsequent to an applicant's acceptance, registrants to the class are placed based on their preference and geographical background. The offers given out by McMaster are bound to the assigned site. McMaster purchased a large industrial park three kilometres east of its main Hamilton campus in 2005 with the intention of creating an array of research facilities for

13192-425: The most research intensive university in the country with an average sponsored research income (external sources of funding) of C$ 434,700 per faculty member in 2017, the highest average in the country, and nearly double the average for universities in the "Medical-Doctoral" category. In the same year, graduate students averaged a sponsored research income of $ 82,800, the highest out of any full-service university. With

13328-654: The name of William McMaster , a prominent Canadian senator and banker who bequeathed C$ 900,000 to its founding. It was incorporated under the terms of an act of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1887, merging the Toronto Baptist College with Woodstock College. It opened in Toronto in 1890. Inadequate facilities and the gift of land in Hamilton prompted its relocation in 1930. The Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec controlled

13464-597: The outgrowth of educational initiatives undertaken by Baptists as early as the 1830s. The predecessor institution of McMaster was established in 1881 as Toronto Baptist College. Canadian Senator William McMaster, the first president of the Canadian Bank of Commerce , bequeathed funds to endow a university, which was incorporated through a merger of Toronto Baptist College and the faculty of theology in Woodstock College, Woodstock, Ontario . The merger

13600-482: The overall research budget. McMaster has been ranked on several bibliometric university rankings, which uses citation analysis to evaluate the impact a university has on academic publications. In 2019, the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities ranked McMaster 119th in the world, and sixth in Canada. The University Ranking by Academic Performance 2018–19 rankings placed

13736-450: The overall undergraduate population living on campus. Residences provide traditional room and board style, furnished apartment style, and suite-style accommodation. Brandon Hall houses the university's substance-free lifestyle living spaces. The residence system is supervised by Residence Life staff, who provide guidance and help the transition to university life for many first-year students. The McMaster University Student Centre (MUSC)

13872-471: The plastic bodywork and built some prototype parts. Toolmaker Visioneering Inc. produced the master patterns for the molds using their new CNC equipment. E.M.C. expected to supply both the large panel press as well as a complete set of water-cooled cast aluminum molds for the 22 body-parts required for the Bricklin, but ultimately Bricklin only bought the press from E.M.C., opting to use epoxy molds for their bodywork. Bricklin experienced persistent problems with

14008-471: The public could drive one of 900 unsold Subaru 360s , modified by Bruce Myers. The venture ultimately failed. Bricklin subsequently founded his own car company, General Vehicle, manufacturing the Bricklin SV-1 two-seat gull-wing door sports car — informally called the Bricklin. "SV" stood for "safety vehicle," and Bricklin applied standards ahead of those the US government was requiring in

14144-400: The report in June 1987. 78% described workmanship as good to excellent, 25% giving an unqualified excellent, 5% said poor. 42.4% said they would buy a Yugo again and 36% said maybe they would buy again. In the 1990s, Bricklin turned his attention to producing environmentally-friendly vehicles. He studied battery technology and formed an electric vehicle company. Bricklin electric vehicles were

14280-410: The same paint scheme as the department's regular cruisers and a single beacon on the roof. The cars were used primarily for public relations events. Officers found them difficult to get in and out of, and the Arizona heat caused battery issues that would prevent the electrically operated doors from opening. In 1975, in an effort to raise capital, development started on a more exclusive model to be called

14416-822: The steps to success. I got my fame and power from the failure of the Bricklin ." Malcom Bricklin At the height of his success, he owned a desert ranch in Scottsdale, Ariz., and a 5,000-acre home in the Colorado Rockies with an indoor shooting range, a riverfront swimming pool, helipad, and pet camel. Bricklin has six sons. As of 2017, he has been divorced three times, amicably, and lives in Monroe, New York with his wife, artist Sania Teymeny. Bricklin built his father's Orlando, Florida building supply business into

14552-684: The timelines and next steps for the university's expansion into Burlington. Construction began on 17 June 2009, and the official opening was on 7 October 2010. The four-story, 8,400-square-metre (90,000 sq ft) building is called the Ron Joyce Centre. The Ron Joyce Centre is home to DeGroote's MBA program and its business management program (both degree and non-degree programs). McMaster has several administrative offices at its Downtown Centre. The McMaster Centre for Continuing Education, which offers certificate and diploma programs as well as personal and professional development programs,

14688-403: The total number of governors to 51. The senate is responsible for the university's academics, including standards for admission into the university and qualifications for degrees, diplomas, and certificates. The senate consists of 15 ex officio positions granted to the chancellor, the president, the vice-presidents of the university, the senior dean of each faculty, the dean of graduate studies,

14824-734: The university 126th in the world, and sixth in Canada. McMaster has received accolades for its research strengths, particularly in the field of health sciences. The Faculty of Health Science oversees $ 130 million a year in research, much of it conducted by scientists and physicians who teach in the medical school. The university also operates a brain bank, whose collection includes a portion of Albert Einstein's brain , preserved and held for medical research. Researchers there have identified differences in his brain that may relate to his genius for spatial and mathematical thinking. In addition to traditional forms of research, members of Faculty of Health Sciences have also been credited with developments within

14960-409: The university 189th in the world and sixth in Canada. The 2024 Times Higher Education World University Rankings placed McMaster 103th in the world, and fourth in Canada. In U.S. News & World Report 2022–23 global university rankings , the university placed 138th, and fifth in Canada. In 2011, Newsweek had also ranked McMaster as the 15th top university outside of the United States, and

15096-711: The university include the Origins Institute , the McMaster Manufacturing Research Institute , and the Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research (BIMR). BIMR was created in 1960 by Howard Petch , the institute was named after McMaster alumnus Bertram Brockhouse . The BIMR is an interdisciplinary research organization with the mandate to develop, support, and co-ordinate all materials research related activities at McMaster. Its membership of 123 faculty members

15232-520: The university is conducted through the board of governors and the senate, both of which were established in the Act to unite Toronto Baptist College and Woodstock College in 1887. The board is responsible for the university's conduct, management, and control of the university and of its property, revenues, business, and affairs. Ex officio governors of the Board include the university's chancellor, president, and

15368-460: The university owned and managed 58 buildings, including both on and off campus housing. The buildings at McMaster vary in age—from Hamilton Hall which opened in 1926, to the university's new Bertrand Russell Archives and Research Centre, which opened 25 June 2018. McMaster's main campus is divided into three main areas: the Core Campus, North Campus and West Campus. The Core Campus has most of

15504-664: The university ranked 81st in the world, and fourth in Canada. In the Times Higher Education ' s 2022 global employability ranking, McMaster placed 81st in the world, and fifth in Canada. In an employability survey published by the New York Times in October 2011, when CEOs and chairmen were asked to select the top universities which they recruited from, McMaster placed 61st in the world, and fourth in Canada. In 2018, Research Infosource named McMaster as

15640-427: The university reorganized once again under The McMaster University Act, 1957 , dissolving the two colleges. Its property was vested to McMaster and the university became a nondenominational institution eligible for public funding. The historic Baptist connection was continued through McMaster Divinity College , a separately chartered affiliated college of the university. Also in 1957, PhD programs were consolidated in

15776-514: The university to Hamilton. The Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec secured $ 1.5 million, while the citizens of Hamilton raised an additional $ 500,000 to help finance the move. The lands for the university and new buildings were secured through gifts from graduates. Lands were transferred from Royal Botanical Gardens to establish the campus area. The first academic session on the new Hamilton campus began in 1930. McMaster's property in Toronto

15912-401: The university under the authority of the board and the senate, and supervises and directs the academic and administrative work of the university and of its teaching and non-teaching staff. The office was created in 1949, with George Gilmour serving as the university's first president. The office of the vice-chancellor, created at the same time as the office of president, has always been held by

16048-603: The university until it became a privately chartered, publicly funded non-denominational institution in 1957. As of 2024, McMaster University has over 32,000 undergraduate and over 5,000 post-graduate students. Alumni and former students reside across Canada and in 143 countries. Its athletic teams are known as the Marauders , and are members of U Sports . Notable alumni include government officials, academics, business leaders, Rhodes Scholars , Gates Cambridge Scholars , and Nobel laureates . McMaster University resulted from

16184-486: The university's academic, research and residential buildings, while the North Campus is made up of the university's athletic precinct and a small amount of surface parking. The West Campus is the least developed area of the main campus, containing only a few buildings, surface parking, and undeveloped land. Security at the university is provided by special constables employed by McMaster University Security Service ,

16320-552: The university, and the building was reopened as Moulton Ladies' College in 1888. The preparatory school operated until 1958, when it was closed by the university. The new university, housed in McMaster Hall in Toronto , was sponsored by the Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec as an undergraduate institution for its clergy and adherents. The first courses—initially limited to arts and theology leading to

16456-485: The university, creating two federated colleges. The arts and divinity programs were reconstituted as University College and science was reorganized under the newly incorporated Hamilton College as a separate division capable of receiving provincial grants. Hamilton College was incorporated in 1948 by letters patent under The Companies Act , although it remained only affiliated with the university. The university traditionally focused on undergraduate studies, and did not offer

16592-530: The university. The Office of Sustainability, headed by the Manager of University Sustainability, works with various members of the university population, external community groups, and the government. Along with the other members of the Council of Ontario Universities , McMaster signed a pledge in 2009 known as Ontario Universities Committed to a Greener World , with the objective of transforming its campus into

16728-435: The wave of the future, a notion that appeared to be ahead of its time. After trying to get electric cars off the ground for a time, Bricklin formed a partnership with Dr. Malcolm Currie . Currie is the former Chairman and CEO of Hughes Aircraft , GM Delco and former Undersecretary of Defense for Research and Engineering. In Bricklin’s and Currie’s view, an electric bike was a promising first step to winning people over to

16864-493: The years for food services. As of 2010 McMaster University's DeGroote School of Business operates a 1.82-hectare (4.5-acre) site in the neighbouring city of Burlington. Consideration for the new building began in 2004, when McMaster University had announced its initial intent to construct a new arts- and technology-intensive campus in partnership with the city of Burlington. In 2009, the City of Burlington, Halton Region, and McMaster University signed an official agreement laying out

17000-574: Was Peter George Centre for Living and Learning (PGCLL), which was completed in Fall 2019. PGCLL can house 500 students and also contains lecture halls, tutorial rooms, and eateries. Les Prince Hall, the second-latest residence to be completed and a large co-ed building, opened in 2006. It was named for a long-time hall master in the residence system who lived with his family on campus until after his retirement in 1980. In September 2010, 50.19 per cent of first-year students lived on campus, with 15.54 per cent of

17136-399: Was able to secure an exclusive contract with Fuji Heavy Industries to import Subaru cars and trucks into the United States, forming Subaru of America . Despite the car's ill fit for American roads and traffic, Bricklin was described as "one of the first auto industry mavericks to recognize that thrifty, inexpensive Japanese cars could be big in the United States." The first Subarus to enter

17272-726: Was an affiliated institution of McMaster. Located in Brandon , Manitoba , the affiliated institution was funded by the Baptist Union of Western Canada . The college ended its affiliation with McMaster in 1938, after Brandon College became a non-denominational institution. The net assets owned by the university as of 6 June 2024 stands at C $ 2,058.7 million. The university had completed the 2024–2025 year with revenues of C$ 1,400.3 million, expenses of $ 1,367.7 million, for an excess in revenue of $ 32.6 million. McMaster's revenue comes from endowment income, gifts, fees, and annual grants from

17408-461: Was done without Visionary Vehicle’s knowledge or approval, and excluded Visionary Vehicles. Bricklin told Reuters, "We found out what was really going on behind our back at the end of '06 and we have been trying to get justice ever since. Dennis Gore, former Visionary Cars executive, used proprietary information to help Chery launch a joint venture with Quantum LLC. Visionary Vehicles subsequently filed suits to recoup losses and collect damages from

17544-521: Was formalized in 1887 when the Act to unite Toronto Baptist College and Woodstock College was granted royal assent, with the newly incorporated institution being named McMaster University. In 1887, the widow of William McMaster, Susan Moulton McMaster , conveyed a former family residence to the university for the purpose of establishing a preparatory school for girls. The Ladies' Department of Woodstock College transferred control of its Ladies' Department to

17680-738: Was found, in 1975 losses due to poor bonding continued to be 15% to 25% of the parts produced. The SV-1 was presented to a gathering of celebrities and potential dealers at the Riviera Hotel Las Vegas in February 1974. The official unveiling of the car took place at the Four Seasons restaurant in New York City on June 25, 1974. Among the factors blamed for the car's ultimate demise were ongoing quality control problems, nepotism, supplier shortages, worker absenteeism and

17816-425: Was reorganized into a separately chartered, affiliated college of the university in 1957. Students may apply for financial aid such as the Ontario Student Assistance Program and Canada Student Loans and Grants through the federal and provincial governments. The financial aid provided may come in the form of loans, grants, bursaries, scholarships, fellowships, debt reduction, interest relief, and work programs. In

17952-668: Was reorganized under an amended act of the McMaster Act into the Divisions of Arts, Science, and Health Sciences, each with its own vice-president, while the Divinity College continued under its existing arrangement. In 1974 the divisional structure of the university was dissolved and reorganized again under The McMaster University Act, 1976 and the vice-presidents were replaced by a single vice-president (academic). The Faculties of Business, Engineering, Health Sciences, Humanities, Science, and Social Sciences were retained, each under

18088-537: Was sold to the University of Toronto when McMaster moved to Hamilton in 1930. McMaster Hall is now home to the Royal Conservatory of Music . Professional programs during the interwar period were limited to just theology and nursing. By the 1940s the McMaster administration was under pressure to modernize and expand the university's programs. During the Second World War and post-war periods

18224-399: Was the creation of American entrepreneur Malcolm Bricklin , known in the industry for establishing Subaru of America prior to building the SV-1, and for importing Zastava cars to North America under the Yugo name afterwards. Bricklin wanted to build a small, affordable sports car with gullwing doors. Power was to come from a four-cylinder engine from Opel . Bricklin entrusted design of

18360-489: Was the least expensive new car sold in the United States. At first, five models of Yugo were marketed in the United States for model year 1987: the basic entry-level $ 3,990-($ 9,363.69 in 2020) GV (for "Great Value"), the GVC with a glass sunroof , the nearly identical GVL and GVS with minor trim and upholstery upgrades, and the sportier GVX with the 1300 cc engine, five-speed manual transmission and standard equipment including

18496-478: Was using Visionary Vehicle’s engineering staff to work on a project that involved Chrysler Corporation (which ultimately failed to materialize). Shortly thereafter, Chery entered into an agreement with Quantum LLC, a subsidiary company of the Israel Corporation, brought in to help fund Visionary Vehicle’s participation in the joint venture with Chery. The agreement between Chery and Israel Corporation

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