131-513: Brindleyplace is a large mixed-use canalside development, in the Westside district of Birmingham , England. It was named after Brindley Place , the name of the street (in turn named after the 18th-century canal engineer James Brindley ) around which it is built. It was developed by the Argent Group from 1993 onwards. In addition to shops, bars and restaurants, Brindleyplace is home to
262-547: A caisson of water in which boats float while being moved between two levels; and inclined planes where a caisson is hauled up a steep railway. To cross a stream, road or valley (where the delay caused by a flight of locks at either side would be unacceptable) the valley can be spanned by a navigable aqueduct – a famous example in Wales is the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct (now a UNESCO World Heritage Site ) across
393-510: A drainage divide atop a ridge , generally requiring an external water source above the highest elevation . The best-known example of such a canal is the Panama Canal . Many canals have been built at elevations, above valleys and other waterways. Canals with sources of water at a higher level can deliver water to a destination such as a city where water is needed. The Roman Empire 's aqueducts were such water supply canals. The term
524-415: A "cistern", or depressed area just downstream from the fall, to "cushion" the water by providing a deep pool for its kinetic energy to be diffused in. Vertical falls work for drops of up to 1.5 m in height, and for discharge of up to 15 cubic meters per second. The transport capacity of pack animals and carts is limited. A mule can carry an eighth-ton [250 pounds (113 kg)] maximum load over
655-486: A 5,000 sq ft (460 m) retail unit overlooking Broad Street. Sainsbury's Local and NatWest occupy the retail units on the ground floor. The development and the surrounding canal apartments were completed at an estimated cost of around £350 million. A planning application for the final phase of the development at Eleven Brindleyplace, Brunswick Square, was submitted in September 2006. The 13-storey building
786-462: A 90 m (300 ft) tree-lined area which is able to accommodate open-air performing arts events, such as ArtsFest which is held there annually. The square is paved in York stone and has a fountain featuring 38 jets of water. Situated in the centre of the square is a Costa Coffee designed by Piers Gough . Constructed of glass and steel, it has an "eye-shaped" footprint. The structure consists of
917-496: A canal has a series of dams and locks that create reservoirs of low speed current flow. These reservoirs are referred to as slack water levels , often just called levels . A canal can be called a navigation canal when it parallels a natural river and shares part of the latter's discharges and drainage basin , and leverages its resources by building dams and locks to increase and lengthen its stretches of slack water levels while staying in its valley . A canal can cut across
1048-413: A combination of the three, depending on available water and available path: Smaller transportation canals can carry barges or narrowboats , while ship canals allow seagoing ships to travel to an inland port (e.g., Manchester Ship Canal ), or from one sea or ocean to another (e.g., Caledonian Canal , Panama Canal ). At their simplest, canals consist of a trench filled with water. Depending on
1179-507: A concrete frame with external walls in self-supporting brick construction with ashlar stone rustication and stone dressings. The windows are detailed in metal, as is the top storey and terminated cornice. Construction began on Eight Brindleyplace in July 2000. It provides 92,000 sq ft (8,500 m) of office space, situated below 35 fully serviced apartments, in addition to ground-floor retail and restaurant units. The 14-storey structure
1310-481: A core building. At the time that the company decided to rent all three buildings, only Eight Brindleyplace had been completed and was designed to be a standalone building. As a result, the windows that were removed from the building so that a connection to the other two could be formed were reused in Seven and Ten Brindleyplace as to not put the windows to waste. Water's Edge was the first building to begin construction in
1441-540: A full-height glazed atrium which consists of a light post-and-spandrel structure. There are three passenger lifts and 23 on-site car parking spaces. Construction commenced in 1996 and was completed in April 1998. Four Brindleyplace consists of 114,000 sq ft (10,600 m) of office space with a bank, restaurant and bar on the ground floor. Caffe Nero Deloitte & Touche , Michael Page, Mercer Human Resource Consulting and Perceptive Informatics are all tenants in
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#17327768383291572-486: A joint venture with Moorfield Group. The asset is now managed by Hines and Moorfield Group. The buildings included in the deal were Three to Six and Nine Brindleyplace, Costa Coffee, Ikon Gallery , Crescent Theatre and the multi-storey car park. One Brindleyplace is owned by Trinova Real Estate. An extension of the West Midlands Metro to Edgbaston opened in July 2022 with a stop at Brindleyplace . In
1703-549: A journey measured in days and weeks, though much more for shorter distances and periods with appropriate rest. Besides, carts need roads. Transport over water is much more efficient and cost-effective for large cargoes. The oldest known canals were irrigation canals, built in Mesopotamia c. 4000 BC , in what is now Iraq . The Indus Valley civilization of ancient India ( c. 3000 BC ) had sophisticated irrigation and storage systems developed, including
1834-603: A medley of " Iron Man " and " Paranoid ". All 72 Commonwealth Games Associations sent athletes to the 2022 Commonwealth Games. The number of athletes from each association is: A new edition of the Commonwealth Games Charter came into effect for these Games. In addition to the ten core sports that were part of Gold Coast 2018 – athletics , badminton , boxing , hockey , lawn bowls , netball (for women), rugby sevens , squash , swimming and weightlifting – five new sports will be integrated into
1965-447: A number of famous West Midlands musicians and groups, including Dexys Midnight Runners , UB40 , Panjabi MC , Musical Youth , Goldie , Beverley Knight , Apache Indian , Jorja Smith , The Selecter , and Laura Mvula . The grand finale featured a surprise appearance by Ozzy Osbourne in his first live performance in three years, joined by Tony Iommi and former touring members of Black Sabbath Tommy Clufetos and Adam Wakeman for
2096-581: A rather low gradient for its time. The canal is still in use after renovation. In the Middle Ages , water transport was several times cheaper and faster than transport overland. Overland transport by animal drawn conveyances was used around settled areas, but unimproved roads required pack animal trains, usually of mules to carry any degree of mass, and while a mule could carry an eighth ton, it also needed teamsters to tend it and one man could only tend perhaps five mules, meaning overland bulk transport
2227-549: A strip of platinum in observance of the Queen's Platinum Jubilee . It also contains a 360-degree camera , an LED lighting system tied to a heart rate monitor (and displaying different effects when held by two people), and sensors to record environmental conditions—whose data will be analysed by a team at the University of Birmingham following the relay. Laura Nyahuye, who led the team of five artists at Maokwo, stated that
2358-591: A total loss of £320m expected. The large losses from the village will compound on the council's existing financial troubles . The A34 flyover in Perry Barr was demolished in favour of a dual carriageway at ground level, cycle path and improved public transport services which were approved by Birmingham City Council in October 2019 under its £27.1 million scheme. The city council announced in January 2020 that
2489-440: A tubular steel frame which is glazed. The vertical structural columns meet the roof members which cross over at a ridge. This forms two canopies which mirror the footprint of the building. Forty people can be seated in the 14 m (46 ft) by 7.6 m (25 ft) café, with 100 also able to sit outside. The glazing consists of double glazed units with a white dot fritted outer pane. This reduces glare and solar gain. Also in
2620-459: A uniform altitude. Other, generally later, canals took more direct routes requiring the use of various methods to deal with the change in level. Canals have various features to tackle the problem of water supply. In cases, like the Suez Canal, the canal is open to the sea. Where the canal is not at sea level, a number of approaches have been adopted. Taking water from existing rivers or springs
2751-400: A £8m makeover, Deutsche Bank leased the majority of the building from 2014. PLACES Birmingham Residential Lettings and Sales agent occupy the central ground floor office space. Six Brindleyplace provides 92,000 sq ft (8,500 m) of office space as well as offering to retail units that look over Oozells Square. The Thai Edge, which is one of these restaurants, opened in 2000. Whilst
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#17327768383292882-422: Is a channel that cuts across a drainage divide , making a navigable channel connecting two different drainage basins . Both navigations and canals use engineered structures to improve navigation: Since they cut across drainage divides, canals are more difficult to construct and often need additional improvements, like viaducts and aqueducts to bridge waters over streams and roads, and ways to keep water in
3013-561: Is a six-storey office building fronting onto central square and is occupied by Deutsche Bank , GVA Grimley and Savills . It provides 68,553 square feet (6,368.8 m) of office space and 134 car parking spaces. It was the only new office building to be completed in Birmingham in 1995. In 2013, Deutsche Bank extended its lease for another 15 years. The headquarters of the Birmingham Organising Committee of
3144-504: Is easily accessible and within walking distance of the main bus, metro (tram) and rail routes. The area occupied by Brindleyplace was, at the height of Birmingham's industrial past, the site of factories, however, by the 1970s as Britain's manufacturing went into decline, the factories closed down and the buildings lay derelict for many years. Birmingham City Council 's aim was to create an environment of water features, walkways and new office and leisure buildings, that would open out onto
3275-664: Is illuminated at night by recessed lighting. It was manufactured by Burleighfield Arts and supported by the Association for Business Sponsorship of the Arts (ABSA). The sculpture is 6.1 m (20 ft) tall, 11.5 m (38 ft) long and 30 cm (12 in) wide. The second work by Miles Davies in the Brindleyplace scheme is Gates , which is a 4 m (13 ft) tall, 3.8 m (12 ft) long and 30 cm (12 in) wide, bronze and phosphor sculpture taking
3406-495: Is in a possibility to be added at the games program at the future editions. The inaugural Commonwealth Esports Championships had separate branding, medals, and organisation and included both men and women's Dota 2 , eFootball , and Rocket League events. The schedule was as follows: On 14 July 2023, the Nigerian team was disqualified as winners of the women's 4x100 metre relay in athletics as Nzubechi Grace Nwokocha
3537-519: Is located on a triangle shaped site across the Brindley Loop Canal. Completed in 1995, it is noted as being one of the earliest city centre residential developments. The complex consists of 143 houses and apartments. It has gated private access. The value of the residences increased 250% in the first few years. Brindleyplace consists of three public squares : Central Square, Oozells Square and Brunswick Square. Central Square consists of
3668-781: Is now a feature of the development and was designed by CJN Consulting Engineers Ltd. [1] Construction commenced in February 2007 and the office building was topped out in May 2008. Tenants include Capita Symonds , Friend LLP, Robert Walters , the West Midlands headquarters of the Institute of Directors, Hettle Andrews, Cohort Software, Argent and Colliers International and Global Radio with stations Heart West Midlands and Capital Birmingham . Seven, Eight and Ten Brindleyplace are all owned by NatWest Group and are all linked to form
3799-701: Is presumed, introduced in Italy by Bertola da Novate in the 16th century. This allowed wider gates and also removed the height restriction of guillotine locks . To break out of the limitations caused by river valleys, the first summit level canals were developed with the Grand Canal of China in 581–617 AD whilst in Europe the first, also using single locks, was the Stecknitz Canal in Germany in 1398. In
3930-599: Is rarely less than 30 metres (98 ft) wide. In the 5th century BC, Achaemenid king Xerxes I of Persia ordered the construction of the Xerxes Canal through the base of Mount Athos peninsula, Chalkidiki , northern Greece. It was constructed as part of his preparations for the Second Persian invasion of Greece , a part of the Greco-Persian Wars . It is one of the few monuments left by
4061-482: Is split into nine floors of office space and five floors of residential apartments. Glamalco installed a variety of Kawneer's precision-engineered curtain walling and window products throughout the building in a partnering contract with Argent valued at approximately £1.1 million. Nine Brindleyplace consists of 26,800 sq ft (2,490 m) of restaurant space, 43,000 sq ft (4,000 m) of office space and 60 parking spaces. It looks over Broad Street. It
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4192-418: Is steeper than the desired canal gradient. They are constructed so the falling water's kinetic energy is dissipated in order to prevent it from scouring the bed and sides of the canal. A canal fall is constructed by cut and fill . It may be combined with a regulator, bridge, or other structure to save costs. There are various types of canal falls, based on their shape. One type is the ogee fall, where
4323-452: Is the pound lock , which consists of a chamber within which the water level can be raised or lowered connecting either two pieces of canal at a different level or the canal with a river or the sea. When there is a hill to be climbed, flights of many locks in short succession may be used. Prior to the development of the pound lock in 984 AD in China by Chhaio Wei-Yo and later in Europe in
4454-502: Is the location of Number Nine the Gallery, a modern and fine art gallery established in 1999 by Lee Benson. It is also home to Unity Trust Bank , Orion Media including the studios of three radio stations, Free Radio Birmingham , Free Radio 80s and Free Radio Coventry & Warwickshire and Coast to Coast (Restaurant) and Bar on the ground floor. Ten Brindleyplace has 62,000 sq ft (5,800 m) of office space as well as
4585-502: The 2022 Commonwealth Games are also located in One Brindleyplace and has taken up the 73,000 sq ft (6,800 m), five-floor office until December 2022. Two Brindleyplace is a six-storey office building with 75,000 square feet (6,968 m) of office space. It is built of Marshalls clay brick. The brickwork is a free-standing 9 inches (23 cm) Flemish bond . By utilising a 9 inches (23 cm) outer leaf it
4716-581: The Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport . London declined to bid, as it was focusing its efforts on preparing for the World Athletics and Para Athletics Championships . On 27 April 2017, Manchester City Council announced that Manchester would not bid for the Games but could co-host the Games with other English cities. In early September 2017, Birmingham was selected over Liverpool for
4847-658: The Elbe , Oder and Weser being linked by canals. In post-Roman Britain, the first early modern period canal built appears to have been the Exeter Canal , which was surveyed in 1563, and open in 1566. The oldest canal in the European settlements of North America, technically a mill race built for industrial purposes, is Mother Brook between the Boston, Massachusetts neighbourhoods of Dedham and Hyde Park connecting
4978-655: The Glasgow 2014 . It is set to be the most expensive sporting event in the UK since the 2012 Summer Olympics in London which cost £8.8 billion. The real cost will be published after completion. Over 1.3 million tickets were sold for the 2022 Commonwealth Games, which made the event the most attended Commonwealth Games ever to take place in the United Kingdom . A ticket ballot for local residents opened on 14 July 2021, with
5109-508: The Government of India , the ISSF and WA. The CGF Executive Board approved the proposal at their meeting in London which took place on 21–23 February 2020, and also confirmed that the 2022 Commonwealth Shooting and Archery Championships and the 2022 Commonwealth Games will be two separately organised and funded Commonwealth Sport events. The CGF shall issue a medal table one week following
5240-459: The Ikon Gallery from a Victorian school. All the buildings are low-rise, with the tallest being Eleven Brindleyplace completed in 2009 at 59 metres (194 ft), and the second-tallest is Three Brindleyplace at 55 m (180 ft). Eight Brindleyplace is the third-tallest with a height of 52 m (171 ft), although it has more floors than Three Brindleyplace. One Brindleyplace
5371-508: The Ikon Gallery overlooks the square. Brunswick Square is located to the west of the development. Whilst being a pedestrian-zone, it has vehicular access. It is overlooked by the Hilton Garden Inn and forms the main entrance to Eleven Brindleyplace. When the scheme was opened, Argent believed that if the development was broken up and sold off separately, the public realm would be neglected. They took it upon themselves to manage
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5502-765: The National Sea Life Centre , Royal Bank of Scotland , Orion Media , Ikon Gallery of art and the Crescent Theatre . The site covers 17 acres (69,000 m²) of mixed-use redevelopment - the UK's largest such project. The Birmingham Canal Navigations Main Line Canal separates Brindleyplace from the International Convention Centre , although there are linking bridges. The National Indoor Arena , Old Turn Junction and bars of Broad Street are nearby and it
5633-543: The Naviglio Grande built between 1127 and 1257 to connect Milan with the river Ticino . The Naviglio Grande is the most important of the lombard " navigli " and the oldest functioning canal in Europe. Later, canals were built in the Netherlands and Flanders to drain the polders and assist transportation of goods and people. Canal building was revived in this age because of commercial expansion from
5764-545: The Phoenix metropolitan area was the most complex in ancient North America. A portion of the ancient canals has been renovated for the Salt River Project and now helps to supply the city's water. The Sinhalese constructed the 87 km (54 mi) Yodha Ela in 459 A.D. as a part of their extensive irrigation network which functioned in a way of a moving reservoir due to its single banking aspect to manage
5895-528: The River Brue at Northover with Glastonbury Abbey , a distance of about 1.75 kilometres (1,900 yd). Its initial purpose is believed to be the transport of building stone for the abbey, but later it was used for delivering produce, including grain, wine and fish, from the abbey's outlying properties. It remained in use until at least the 14th century, but possibly as late as the mid-16th century. More lasting and of more economic impact were canals like
6026-614: The Songhai Empire of West Africa, several canals were constructed under Sunni Ali and Askia Muhammad I between Kabara and Timbuktu in the 15th century. These were used primarily for irrigation and transport. Sunni Ali also attempted to construct a canal from the Niger River to Walata to facilitate conquest of the city but his progress was halted when he went to war with the Mossi Kingdoms . Around 1500–1800
6157-501: The World Archery Federation (WA) confirmed that they had delivered a proposal for archery's inclusion in the Games. The bid was made in partnership with Archery GB and included Aston Hall as a suggested competition venue. In June 2019, after some time of popular searches and queries. Birmingham organising committee recommended the addition of two extra sports: para table tennis and beach volleyball. The proposal
6288-834: The XXII Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Birmingham 2022 , were an international multi-sport event for members of the Commonwealth of Nations that took place in Birmingham , England between 28 July and 8 August 2022. They were the 22nd edition of the Commonwealth Games. It was the third and seventh time England and the United Kingdom hosted the Commonwealth Games , respectively. 4,822 athletes, including 311 para athletes from 72 Commonwealth Games Associations took part in
6419-556: The reservoirs built at Girnar in 3000 BC. This is the first time that such planned civil project had taken place in the ancient world. In Egypt , canals date back at least to the time of Pepi I Meryre (reigned 2332–2283 BC), who ordered a canal built to bypass the cataract on the Nile near Aswan . In ancient China , large canals for river transport were established as far back as the Spring and Autumn period (8th–5th centuries BC),
6550-404: The stratum the canal passes through, it may be necessary to line the cut with some form of watertight material such as clay or concrete. When this is done with clay, it is known as puddling . Canals need to be level, and while small irregularities in the lie of the land can be dealt with through cuttings and embankments, for larger deviations other approaches have been adopted. The most common
6681-471: The 12th century. River navigations were improved progressively by the use of single, or flash locks . Taking boats through these used large amounts of water leading to conflicts with watermill owners and to correct this, the pound or chamber lock first appeared, in the 10th century in China and in Europe in 1373 in Vreeswijk , Netherlands. Another important development was the mitre gate , which was, it
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#17327768383296812-472: The 15th century, either flash locks consisting of a single gate were used or ramps, sometimes equipped with rollers, were used to change the level. Flash locks were only practical where there was plenty of water available. Locks use a lot of water, so builders have adopted other approaches for situations where little water is available. These include boat lifts , such as the Falkirk Wheel , which use
6943-597: The 2022 Commonwealth Games. The fee included the £20 million ($ 28 million) for the Games hosting charges and £5 million ($ 7 million) for the development work in the Commonwealth. In July 2018, British Prime Minister Theresa May appointed John Crabtree as Chair of the BOCCG. In January 2019, Ian Reid was announced as chief executive officer of the BOCCG. On 6 June 2019, the British Government introduced
7074-467: The 2022 Games, which took place between July 28 and August 8, 2022, from March to September 2022. The Queen's baton of the 2022 Commonwealth Games was unveiled 29 September 2021. Designed as a collaboration between Birmingham Open Media, Raymont-Osman Product Design, Maokwo and Kajul, it is constructed using lost-wax casting , 3D Printing, copper plating and CNC machining. It incorporates copper , aluminum , and brass metals symbolising medals, and
7205-541: The 4 team sports limit. Respecting local demands, an extra sport or some extra events can be included in this list, but they have to be approved by the Commonwealth Games Federation two years before that edition is held. The current rules also determine gender parity, whereby men and women have an equal (or broadly equal) share of events. On 22 December 2017, the BBC reported that the organisers of
7336-517: The Australian state of Victoria , then host of the 2026 Commonwealth Games prior to its withdrawal nearly a year later before being replaced by Glasgow as the replacement host city, in a segment headlined by Vanessa Amorosi . The ceremony featured tributes to the industrial history of Birmingham, the Windrush generation and Birmingham TV show Peaky Blinders , and included performances from
7467-561: The Birmingham 2022 closing ceremony that includes results from Chandigarh 2022 as a further and final ranking of competing nations and territories from the respective competitions. In July 2021, the CGF announced that the event had been cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in India . In February 2022, the CGF announced that esports would be included in the Games as a demonstration event and
7598-698: The Brindleyplace scheme. The building contains 60,000 m (650,000 sq ft) of retail space along a canalside location, opposite the International Convention Centre . In 1995, it won the Top Honour Award for "Excellence on the Waterfront". It is believed that up to two million people visit The Water's Edge each year, spending up to £13.9 million. Restaurants and Cafes located along Water's Edge include Café Rouge , Carluccio's , Pizza Express , Gourmet Burger Kitchen , Slug and Lettuce and Wagamama . Symphony Court, developed by Crosby Homes ,
7729-580: The Commonwealth Games Bill which ensured the prohibition of unauthorised sales of Games tickets, effective flow of transport around Games venues, complete protection of commercial rights, and compliance with financial propriety rules by the government's funding of the BOCCG. The bill received royal assent and was passed into law as the Birmingham Commonwealth Games Act 2020 on 25 June 2020. In June 2020, it
7860-502: The Games. The bidding process for the 2022 Commonwealth Games was relaunched in March 2017 where English cities Birmingham and Liverpool expressed their interests in hosting the Games. On 14 March 2017, Manchester also expressed an interest in hosting the Games. By April 2017, the British Government asked city councils to submit proposals for hosting the 2022 Games. Only Birmingham and Liverpool submitted official applications to
7991-529: The NEC campus, 1,900 at the University of Warwick campus, and 2,800 at the University of Birmingham campus. In 2023, a year after the games had taken place and the first of the village's housing had been finished, the site was still uninhabited and described as a ‘ghost village’. In 2024, two years after the games, the council announced that it was going to sell a majority of the homes to a private developer - with
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#17327768383298122-590: The Persian Empire in Europe . Greek engineers were also among the first to use canal locks , by which they regulated the water flow in the Ancient Suez Canal as early as the 3rd century BC. There was little experience moving bulk loads by carts, while a pack-horse would [i.e. 'could'] carry only an eighth of a ton. On a soft road a horse might be able to draw 5/8ths of a ton. But if
8253-785: The Southwest by 1300 CE. Archaeologists working at a major archaeological dig in the 1990s in the Tucson Basin, along the Santa Cruz River, identified a culture and people that may have been the ancestors of the Hohokam. This prehistoric group occupied southern Arizona as early as 2000 BCE, and in the Early Agricultural period grew corn, lived year-round in sedentary villages, and developed sophisticated irrigation canals. The large-scale Hohokam irrigation network in
8384-429: The addition of judo to the core sports and the local organizers' optional decision to hold a women's cricket tournament, taking advantage of local infrastructure. Returning to the Games for the first time in 24 years , due to various calendar issues, cricket will be exclusively female for the first time. First time events introduced at Birmingham 2022 are 3x3 basketball and its wheelchair counterpart. Birmingham will have
8515-465: The adjacent canal. The scheme was assembled by the council in the 1980s. The council were also seeing success with the construction of the International Convention Centre with the Symphony Hall , and the National Indoor Arena . A development brief was drawn up, identifying the site as an area to attract people to complement the convention centre. Initial proposals were drawn up by Merlin, who teamed with developers Shearwater. However, Merlin pulled out of
8646-411: The average family house in the scheme was over £200,000. Short term finance was supplied by Hypobank . A variety of architects were used to design the buildings in the complex to create a range of architectural styles. The masterplan was designed by Terry Farrell . Buildings One, Two, Four and Six Brindleyplace together with the Hilton Garden Inn were all built by Carillion , as was the conversion of
8777-513: The baton was designed to "relate" to the countries and residents of the Commonwealth, and reflect the "authenticity and honesty" of its journey; these goals were met by avoiding the use of precious metals , and through its use of copper—which is designed to oxidise and develop a teal patina over the course of the relay. The relay began on 7 October 2021 at Buckingham Palace in London, and lasted for 294 days—travelling through 72 Commonwealth nations and territories. After placing her message inside
8908-401: The baton, Queen Elizabeth II presented it to British Paralympic athlete and cyclist Kadeena Cox . During the opening ceremony, the baton was delivered to Charles, Prince of Wales , who read the Queen's message to officially open the Games. The opening ceremony of the 2022 Commonwealth Games were held at Alexander Stadium on the evening of 28 July 2022. Director Iqbal Khan stated that
9039-422: The bid to the CGF, the bid committee announced that the event would cost £750 million. On 25 June 2019, the British Government announced that the event will cost £778 million. The British Government will cover 75% (£594 million) and Birmingham City Council will cover the remaining 25% (£184 million). The budget is lower than the £967 million spent on the Gold Coast 2018 , but higher than the £543 million spent on
9170-444: The building. The services engineers were Hoare Lea & Partners, whilst Silk & Frazier were the quantity surveyors. It was the winner of the "Best of Best" award. It received top accolades in the British Council for Offices Awards 2000 and finalist status in the 2004 Brickwork Awards. Five Brindleyplace was pre-let to BT in 1994 with design work starting in December of the same year. Construction began in June 1995. BT moved into
9301-436: The canal pressure with the influx of water. It was also designed as an elongated reservoir passing through traps creating 66 mini catchments as it flows from Kala Wewa to Thissa Wawa . The canal was not designed for the quick conveying of water from Kala Wewa to Thissa Wawa but to create a mass of water between the two reservoirs, which would in turn provided for agriculture and the use of humans and animals. They also achieved
9432-418: The canal to form a dam. They are generally placed in pre-existing grooves in the canal bank. On more modern canals, "guard locks" or gates were sometimes placed to allow a section of the canal to be quickly closed off, either for maintenance, or to prevent a major loss of water due to a canal breach. A canal fall , or canal drop, is a vertical drop in the canal bed. These are built when the natural ground slope
9563-462: The canal. Where large amounts of goods are loaded or unloaded such as at the end of a canal, a canal basin may be built. This would normally be a section of water wider than the general canal. In some cases, the canal basins contain wharfs and cranes to assist with movement of goods. When a section of the canal needs to be sealed off so it can be drained for maintenance stop planks are frequently used. These consist of planks of wood placed across
9694-401: The ceremony would aim to showcase the "vivid and vibrant confidence" of Birmingham. It was headlined by Birmingham-based new wave band Duran Duran , while Tony Iommi of Black Sabbath –who is also a Birmingham native–performed alongside Soweto Kinch during a segment of the ceremony. The closing ceremony took place on 8 August 2022 at Alexander Stadium, and included the formal handover to
9825-469: The channel. There are two broad types of canal: Historically, canals were of immense importance to commerce and the development, growth and vitality of a civilization. In 1855 the Lehigh Canal carried over 1.2 million tons of anthracite coal; by the 1930s the company which built and operated it for over a century ceased operation. The few canals still in operation in our modern age are a fraction of
9956-587: The concept architect was Allies and Morrison, the production architect was Weedon Partnership . Curtains Consulting Engineers were the structural engineers. It cost £12.3 million. It houses Birmingham Ceremonies, a production management company appointed by the 2022 Commonwealth Games to produce and deliver the Games' Opening and Closing Ceremonies. It a joint venture by GBA (Gary Beestone Associates) and Done and Dusted . Seven Brindleyplace provides 85,000 sq ft (7,900 m) of office space. Construction commenced in 2002 and lasted two years. The building has
10087-420: The core sports: road cycling , judo (previously optional), triathlon , table tennis , and wrestling . The charter also mandates that a number of parasports events (i.e. sports for elite athletes with disabilities) must be integrated within four core sports: athletics, lawn bowls, swimming and weightlifting (the lattermost is actually represented by a variation of powerlifting). The charter also establishes
10218-399: The drop follows an s-shaped curve to create a smooth transition and reduce turbulence . However, this smooth transition does not dissipate the water's kinetic energy, which leads to heavy scouring. As a result, the canal needs to be reinforced with concrete or masonry to protect it from eroding. Another type of canal fall is the vertical fall, which is "simple and economical". These feature
10349-503: The dropping of shooting from the games programme was confirmed by the then CEO of the CGF David Grevemberg. In December 2018, The International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) delegation including President of ISSF Vladimir Lisin and CEO of British Shooting (BS) Hamish McInnes visited Birmingham and discussed with the Birmingham organising committee to add shooting in the 2022 Commonwealth Games. In December 2018,
10480-741: The event. The event took place at 15 venues across Birmingham, West Midlands and London and featured 19 Commonwealth sports . It was also the first major multi-sport event to have more events for women than men and had the largest integrated para-sport programme in the history of the Commonwealth Games with 8 para sports. Australia topped the medal table by both total golds (67) and total medals (179), with host nation England finishing second with 58 golds and 176 total medals and Canada finishing third with 26 golds and 92 total medals. India finished fourth with 22 gold and 61 total medals, and New Zealand finished fifth with 20 gold and 49 total medals. Niue won its first ever Commonwealth Games medal. Birmingham
10611-573: The exception of the 3 relays planned in Paralympic sports, all were confirmed in 2021,giving a total of 283. The final program was completed with 283 finals scheduled across 20 sports. This includes 136 events for women and 134 for men, an unprecedented gender balance amongst major multi-sport events though falling short of the 2018 Commonwealth Games when a perfect gender split had been achieved. In addition, 10 mixed gender events and 35 parasport events were held. The final list of disciplines, with
10742-429: The existing National Express Bus Depot in Perry Barr would be demolished as the depot site would be used to construct the phase two of the athletes’ village. A replacement depot will be constructed on a largely council-owned land on nearby Aston Lane, at a cost of £16 million, eight times the original estimate. The University railway station , which serves the University of Birmingham , was planned to be renovated and
10873-670: The first summit level canal to use pound locks in Europe was the Briare Canal connecting the Loire and Seine (1642), followed by the more ambitious Canal du Midi (1683) connecting the Atlantic to the Mediterranean. This included a staircase of 8 locks at Béziers , a 157 metres (515 ft) tunnel, and three major aqueducts. Canal building progressed steadily in Germany in the 17th and 18th centuries with three great rivers,
11004-462: The freedom to make deliveries well away from rail lined road beds or ditches in the dirt which could not operate in the winter. The longest extant canal today, the Grand Canal in northern China, still remains in heavy use, especially the portion south of the Yellow River . It stretches from Beijing to Hangzhou at 1,794 kilometres (1,115 miles). Canals are built in one of three ways, or
11135-678: The fringes of the city in neighbouring Solihull , hosted events in its exhibition halls and at the Resorts World Arena . The six other regional hosts were Coventry , Cannock Chase , Royal Leamington Spa , Sandwell , Warwick and Wolverhampton . A sixteenth venue, the Lee Valley VeloPark in Stratford, East London, hosted the track cycling. The following venues were used for the Games: Perry Bar
11266-591: The future, more lines out to Birmingham Airport , Bearwood and Walsall are planned to pass through the area. 52°28′38″N 1°54′47″W / 52.47730°N 1.91309°W / 52.47730; -1.91309 Canal Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation ) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi ). They carry free, calm surface flow under atmospheric pressure , and can be thought of as artificial rivers . In most cases,
11397-712: The games were in talks with the International Cricket Council (ICC) about the inclusion of women's cricket. In November 2018, the ICC confirmed that they have submitted a bid to include women's cricket in the Games. The bid was made in partnership with the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB). It was also reported that shooting was likely to be excluded from the games citing a lack of facilities around Birmingham. Shooting has been included at every Commonwealth Games since Christchurch 1974 . In January 2018,
11528-703: The higher waters of the Charles River and the mouth of the Neponset River and the sea. It was constructed in 1639 to provide water power for mills. In Russia, the Volga–Baltic Waterway , a nationwide canal system connecting the Baltic Sea and Caspian Sea via the Neva and Volga rivers, was opened in 1718. 2022 Commonwealth Games The 2022 Commonwealth Games , officially known as
11659-403: The largest number of events available for women and athletes with disabilities in the history of the Games. In 27 October 2020, the list of events to be held in Birmingham was revealed with 271 finals scheduled for 19 sports.However, due to the low number of athletes registered in 15 events in 5 sports they were in risk to be dropped and could not yet be confirmed on that exact time.However, with
11790-584: The list of optional sports and disciplines that can be chosen by the organisation of each edition: archery (recurve), basketball (3x3 or 5x5), beach volleyball , cycling ( mountain bike and track ), rhythmic gymnastics , and shooting (clay target, full bore, small bore and pistol). This same rule also establishes that the following events for athletes with disabilities are optional: wheelchair basketball (3x3), para track-cycling, para-table tennis and para-triathlon. Including compulsory and optional sports (disciplines), there shall be no more than 4 team sports on
11921-549: The load were carried by a barge on a waterway, then up to 30 tons could be drawn by the same horse. — technology historian Ronald W. Clark referring to transport realities before the industrial revolution and the Canal age . Hohokam was a society in the North American Southwest in what is now part of Arizona , United States, and Sonora , Mexico. Their irrigation systems supported the largest population in
12052-480: The longest canal in the world today and the oldest extant one. It is 1,794 kilometres (1,115 mi) long and was built to carry the Emperor Yang Guang between Zhuodu ( Beijing ) and Yuhang ( Hangzhou ). The project began in 605 and was completed in 609, although much of the work combined older canals, the oldest section of the canal existing since at least 486 BC. Even in its narrowest urban sections it
12183-534: The longest one of that period being the Hong Gou (Canal of the Wild Geese), which according to the ancient historian Sima Qian connected the old states of Song, Zhang, Chen, Cai, Cao, and Wei. The Caoyun System of canals was essential for imperial taxation, which was largely assessed in kind and involved enormous shipments of rice and other grains. By far the longest canal was the Grand Canal of China , still
12314-447: The main public ticket ballot running from 8 to 30 September 2021. The West Midlands Police said around 3,000 officers would be deployed to patrol the 2022 Commonwealth Games. 1,000 of these were to come from West Midlands Police and 2000 from a "mutual aid" arrangement with other UK forces. Additionally, private drones were banned over a no-fly zone and 55 police dogs were also part of the security plan. The 2022 Commonwealth Games
12445-713: The number of events in each discipline noted in the brackets, is: In January 2020, the Indian Olympic Association (IOA), which functions also as the Commonwealth Games Association (CGA) representing India, submitted a proposal to the CGF to host a combined archery and shooting championships in Chandigarh during January 2022. The proposal was endorsed by the National Rifle Association of India (NRAI),
12576-506: The numbers that once fueled and enabled economic growth, indeed were practically a prerequisite to further urbanization and industrialization. For the movement of bulk raw materials such as coal and ores are difficult and marginally affordable without water transport. Such raw materials fueled the industrial developments and new metallurgy resulting of the spiral of increasing mechanization during 17th–20th century, leading to new research disciplines, new industries and economies of scale, raising
12707-417: The offices in February 1997 and used it as their regional headquarters. It provides 120,000 sq ft (11,000 m) of office space. The construction used the curtain walling system. Argent worked with BT to provide 'green' features such as an upflow air conditioning system with heat recovery, openable windows and energy saving lighting and controls. BT vacated the building at the beginning of 2011. After
12838-458: The only bid to go forward to CGF General Assembly in September 2015. Durban initially secured the right to host the games, as they were the sole bidder for the event. The city previously considered bidding for the 2020 or 2024 Summer Olympics , but later dropped the idea as it wanted to focus on the 2022 Commonwealth Games. It would have marked the first time the games were held in Africa and
12969-451: The planning and operational delivery of the Games. This includes sport, venue and competition management, ticket sales, all ceremonies and the Queen's Baton Relay. The headquarters of the organising committee is located in One Brindleyplace building and has taken up the office until December 2022. In March 2018, the BOCCG paid £25 million ($ 35 million) fee to the CGF for the right to host
13100-604: The pre-railroad days of the industrial revolution, water transport was the gold standard of fast transportation. The first artificial canal in Western Europe was the Fossa Carolina built at the end of the 8th century under personal supervision of Charlemagne . In Britain, the Glastonbury Canal is believed to be the first post-Roman canal and was built in the middle of the 10th century to link
13231-413: The programme of a Commonwealth Games. If basketball (3x3) is selected from the pool of optional sports, basketball (wheelchair para 3x3) becomes an obligatory event (or vice versa), in which case the sport of basketball shall be considered as one team sport. In cases when cricket is selected from the pool of optional sports, wheelchair basketball also becomes a part of the programme and can be an exception to
13362-500: The protocols to be less stringent and more "relaxed" than expected, and stated that it planned to impose stricter biosecurity protocols on its athletes to ensure their safety. The 2022 Commonwealth Games took place in 15 venues spread across the West Midlands region , with seven of them, including the athletics stadium and marathon route, located in the city of Birmingham . The National Exhibition Centre complex, located on
13493-464: The receivers. Argent slightly amended the plans by separating the residential element from the rest of the scheme and commencing construction of the Water's Edge first, along with an office building. By 1995, when Argent refinanced the scheme, the land value was back over £25 million. The Water's Edge was trading successfully and the housing element, Symphony Court, had sold all of its units. The price for
13624-401: The recommended bid for England. The CGF announced that the deadline for the submission of bids was 30 September 2017 and its executive board was expected to announce the host by the end of 2017. Commonwealth Games England submitted the Birmingham bid before the deadline to the CGF to host the 2022 Games. However, it was announced that the bid was not fully compliant, and the bidding process
13755-430: The scheme and were replaced by Rosehaugh . Rosehaugh had paid £26 million for the site in 1990. Rosehaugh revised Merlin's retail-led scheme to include more office space and a residential element. By 1992, a detailed set of proposals which included retail and restaurants with a central square had been agreed. However, Rosehaugh went into receivership by the end of the year. Argent took over the scheme, paying £3 million to
13886-443: The second time a Commonwealth republic would have hosted, following Delhi , India, in 2010 . The games were set to open on 18 July 2022, coinciding with the birthday of the late South African president, Nelson Mandela . It was reported in February 2017 that Durban might be unable to host the games due to financial constraints. This was confirmed one month later on 13 March 2017 when the CGF stripped Durban of their rights to host
14017-435: The semifinal matches), and the final days of the 2022 World Athletics Championships (held from 15 to 24 July). All athletes and officials are required to test negative for COVID-19 on a PCR test before departure and upon arrival; infections during the Games will be handled on a case-by-case basis, with athletes not necessarily required to withdraw or publicly disclose their infection. Commonwealth Games Australia considered
14148-406: The shape of traditional lock gates on canals. Like Aquaduct , it is a hollow construction. Oozells Square, receiving its name from Oozells Street that ran on the site before the development, features a channel of still water running diagonally which is lined by cherry trees . Paul de Monchaux designed the stone sculptured seats and the pergola which are located in the square. The main entrance to
14279-440: The site in conjunction with GVA, who also have offices at Three Brindleyplace. The annual budget for the management and maintenance of the public realm at Brindleyplace was £890,000, with the overall budget for the entire scheme being £4 million. Over 70 staff help maintain Brindleyplace. The Brindleyplace estate was acquired from Brindleyplace Limited Partnership in 2010 for £190 million by Hines UK on behalf of Hines Global REIT in
14410-536: The square is a sculpture named Aquaduct by Miles Davies . Made of bronze and phosphor, the sculpture was the winning entry in a competition conducted by Brindleyplace plc in conjunction with the Royal Society of British Sculptors . Aquaduct was the first of Davies' winning pieces to be unveiled in August 1995. Situated on a low stepped base, the sculpture is in two pieces and is in the form of an aqueduct . It
14541-480: The standard of living for any industrialized society. Most ship canals today primarily service bulk cargo and large ship transportation industries, whereas the once critical smaller inland waterways conceived and engineered as boat and barge canals have largely been supplanted and filled in, abandoned and left to deteriorate, or kept in service and staffed by state employees, where dams and locks are maintained for flood control or pleasure boating. Their replacement
14672-573: The valley of the River Dee . Another option for dealing with hills is to tunnel through them. An example of this approach is the Harecastle Tunnel on the Trent and Mersey Canal . Tunnels are only practical for smaller canals. Some canals attempted to keep changes in level down to a minimum. These canals known as contour canals would take longer, winding routes, along which the land was
14803-513: The village fell significantly behind schedule but the games' dates were not pushed back to accommodate this. Because the village would not be ready in time for the games, on 11 August 2020 the BOCCG announced that the athletes and team officials will be housed in three ‘campus’ villages close to competition venues at the University of Birmingham , the University of Warwick , and the NEC . Around 1,600 athletes and officials were set to be accommodated at
14934-406: Was accompanied by a six-month long cultural event called the Birmingham 2022 Festival. It had been billed as "the biggest celebration of creativity ever seen in the region" and was taking place in the host city and throughout the West Midlands . With more than 200 events planned, it was one of the biggest cultural programmes ever hosted during the Commonwealth Games. Events took place before and after
15065-466: Was also expensive, as men expect compensation in the form of wages, room and board. This was because long-haul roads were unpaved, more often than not too narrow for carts, much less wagons, and in poor condition, wending their way through forests, marshy or muddy quagmires as often as unimproved but dry footing. In that era, as today, greater cargoes, especially bulk goods and raw materials , could be transported by ship far more economically than by land; in
15196-458: Was an option in some cases, sometimes supplemented by other methods to deal with seasonal variations in flow. Where such sources were unavailable, reservoirs – either separate from the canal or built into its course – and back pumping were used to provide the required water. In other cases, water pumped from mines was used to feed the canal. In certain cases, extensive "feeder canals" were built to bring water from sources located far from
15327-566: Was announced as the host city on 21 December 2017. The event marked the last time that the Commonwealth Games were held under Queen Elizabeth II prior to her death on 8 September of that year , which was exactly one month after the conclusion of the Games. The event contributed £1.2 billion to the economy of the United Kingdom. Two cities initially launched bids for the games: Durban , South Africa , and Edmonton , Canada . Edmonton withdrew its bid in February 2015, leaving Durban as
15458-505: Was announced that the West Midlands Combined Authority Board was planning to approve the £88 million funding and delivery schedule for Sprint in advance of the Games, to offer commuters and the Games visitors services to key venues including Alexander Stadium , Arena Birmingham and the Resorts World Arena . As of November 2023, the service has yet to commence running. At the time of submission of
15589-584: Was announced that the entire schedule of the Games would be offset by one day to reduce conflicts with sporting events rescheduled due to the COVID-19 pandemic , particularly the UEFA Euro 2020 (held on 11 June to 11 July 2021), the 2020 Summer Olympics (held on 23 July to 8 August 2021), the UEFA Women's Euro 2022 (held 6 to 31 July in England; the opening ceremony time would have conflicted with one of
15720-484: Was approved by the CGF executive board. The CGF officially announced on 13 August 2019 that the women's T20 cricket, beach volleyball and para table tennis have been included in the Games while due to infrastructure and logistics issues shooting had to be excluded and the proposal to add archery was rejected. With the changes in the Charter, and the review of options, the major changes from Gold Coast 2018 include
15851-506: Was deferred over Section 106 on 2 November 2006. The building was designed by Glenn Howells Architects and is located to the rear of the Novotel hotel. It was not included in the masterplan however has been described as a "key component" for the Brindleyplace scheme. There were some issues raised over the height of the tall building in the predominantly low-rise Brindleyplace development. The distinctive glazed façade to Eleven Brindleyplace
15982-473: Was designed by local agency RBL, based in Royal Leamington Spa , and is a jagged, triangular "B" shape formed by blue-yellow gradient lines representing the key venues of the Games in the West Midlands. The emblem is also the first to use the new branding for the CGF, as "Commonwealth Sport". It received a mainly positive reaction from locals in the city and on social media and some compared it to
16113-494: Was expected to be complete in time for the Games. The station would make way for the University of Birmingham, which was due to host hockey and squash events for the Games. The new station was not finished in time for the event. The Perry Barr railway station building was rebuilt and the platforms renovated as part of the £30.9 million project in Perry Barr and opened on May 29, 2022. Transport for West Midlands (TfWM)
16244-476: Was extended until 30 November 2017. The CGF had 170 questions regarding Birmingham's bid. On 21 December 2017, Birmingham was awarded for the 2022 Games as Durban's replacement host. Louise Martin, president of the CGF, made the official announcement at a press conference at the Arena Academy in Birmingham. The Birmingham Organising Committee for the 2022 Commonwealth Games (BOCCG) was responsible for
16375-473: Was found in violation of anti-doping measures. This promoted England to gold, Jamaica to silver, and Australia were awarded bronze. * Host nation ( England ) The podium sweeps , in which a single CGA won all the available medals in an event, were: The official emblem was unveiled on 27 July 2019 at Centenary Square during the Commonwealth Social festival. It
16506-470: Was gradual, beginning first in the United States in the mid-1850s where canal shipping was first augmented by, then began being replaced by using much faster , less geographically constrained & limited, and generally cheaper to maintain railways . By the early 1880s, canals which had little ability to economically compete with rail transport, were off the map. In the next couple of decades, coal
16637-424: Was increasingly diminished as the heating fuel of choice by oil, and growth of coal shipments leveled off. Later, after World War I when motor-trucks came into their own, the last small U.S. barge canals saw a steady decline in cargo ton-miles alongside many railways, the flexibility and steep slope climbing capability of lorries taking over cargo hauling increasingly as road networks were improved, and which also had
16768-426: Was once used to describe linear features seen on the surface of Mars , Martian canals , an optical illusion. A navigation is a series of channels that run roughly parallel to the valley and stream bed of an unimproved river. A navigation always shares the drainage basin of the river. A vessel uses the calm parts of the river itself as well as improvements, traversing the same changes in height. A true canal
16899-563: Was possible to carry, wind loads between floors (3.9 m) and tie the brickwork laterally to the floor plates only. More than 1,000 Lloyds Banking Group employees work in the building. The departments based at Brindleyplace include the International Department and Concerns. The top floor houses a large canteen area with seating for around 150 staff. Three Brindleyplace is occupied by Avison Young (Commercial Property Advisers), Towers Watson and Landmark Space . It has
17030-502: Was scheduled to provide the city's first continuous cross-city bus route in time for the Games. The new Sprint bus route was to run an express service along the A34 and A45 between Walsall and Birmingham Airport and Solihull to Walsall via the city centre . The service will be zero-emission with priority signals and extended bus lanes, along with "a swift boarding experience" to improve journey times and reliability. In February 2020 it
17161-464: Was selected to be the site of the athlete's village, with plans made to demolish the former Birmingham City University campus after the university had moved to a new campus. The new village was supposed to house up to 6,500 athletes and officials during the games and then become 1,400 new homes after the games, as part of a wider regeneration effort. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, construction of
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