A craft or trade is a pastime or an occupation that requires particular skills and knowledge of skilled work . In a historical sense, particularly the Middle Ages and earlier, the term is usually applied to people occupied in small scale production of goods , or their maintenance , for example by tinkers . The traditional term craftsman is nowadays often replaced by artisan and by craftsperson .
21-555: Brinsford may refer to: Brinsford (HM Prison) , a prison and Young Offenders Institution in Wolverhampton Brinsford Lodge , a former hall of residence for The Polytechnic, Wolverhampton (now the University of Wolverhampton) Brinsford Parkway railway station , a prospective new parkway railway station to the north of Wolverhampton Topics referred to by
42-499: A certain division of labour between industry and craft. The nature of craft skill and the process of its development are continually debated by philosophers, anthropologists , and cognitive scientists . Some scholars note that craft skill is marked by particular ways of experiencing tools and materials, whether by allowing tools to recede from focal awareness, perceiving tools and materials in terms of their practical interrelationships, or seeing aspects of work that are invisible to
63-474: A part-time basis by those also working in agriculture, and often formed part of village life. When an apprentice finished their apprenticeship, they became a journeyman searching for a place to set up their own shop and make a living. After setting up their own shop, they could then call themselves a master of their craft . This stepwise approach to mastery of a craft, which includes the attainment of some education and skill, has survived in some countries to
84-525: A reduction of places for Juveniles, and an increase in places for Young Offenders at the prison. In 2016, it was in the process of changing to a Category C male prison. Since the beginning of 2019, it became a Category B & C male prison, mainly due to the rise in violence, self-harm and drug abuse, it has been named as one of the worst prisons in the United Kingdom. Brinsford holds young offenders and adults (those aged over 18). Accommodation at
105-433: A single prison during my tenure as Chief Inspector". The report found that the prison failed at inducting new inmates to the regime, that the level of violence was "too high", that a quarter of inmates surveyed said that it was easy to get drugs into prison. The report also found that many cells were "squalid" in condition and that communal areas were "dirty and in need of refurbishment". The inspectorate found that just under
126-486: A third of the inmates were not engaged with either work or education programmes. Overall, they found that the institution required "significant improvement" and that while staff were aware of the problems raised, they were "overwhelmed" and unable to improve the situation. Crafts Historically, the more specialized crafts with high-value products tended to concentrate in urban centers and their practitioners formed guilds . The skill required by their professions and
147-402: Is an organized event to display and sell crafts. There are also craft stores where such goods are sold and craft communities, such as Craftster , where expertise is shared. A tradesperson is a skilled manual worker in a particular trade or craft, with a high degree of both practical and theoretical knowledge of their trade. In cultures where professional careers are highly prized, there can be
168-479: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Brinsford (HM Prison) HMP & YOI Prison Brinsford is an adult male Category B & C prison and Young Offenders Institution (YOI), located in the village of Featherstone (near Wolverhampton ), in Staffordshire , England . The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service . Brinsford
189-476: Is the " traditional " main sector of the crafts. It is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or by using only simple tools . The term is usually applied to traditional means of making goods. The individual artisanship of the items is a paramount criterion, an such items often have cultural and/or religious significance. Items made by mass production or machines are not handicraft goods. The beginning of crafts in areas like
210-477: The Apollo 8 spacecraft's core memory consisted of wires that were woven around and through electromagnetic cores by hand. The core rope memory they created contained information used to successfully complete the mission. Crafts and craftspeople have become a subject of academic study. For example, Stephanie Bunn was an artist before she became an anthropologist, and she went on to develop an academic interest in
231-553: The Ottoman Empire involved the governing bodies requiring members of the city who were skilled at creating goods to open shops in the center of town. These people slowly stopped acting as subsistence farmers (who created goods in their own homes to trade with neighbors) and began to represent what we think of as "craftspeople" today. Besides traditional goods, handicraft contributes to the field of computing by combining craft practices with technology. For example, in 1968,
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#1732781066342252-657: The late 19th century and was characterized by a style of decoration reminiscent of medieval times. The primary artist associated with the movement is William Morris , whose work was reinforced with writings from John Ruskin . The movement placed a high importance on the quality of craftsmanship, while emphasizing the importance for the arts to contribute to economic reform. Crafts practiced by independent artists working alone or in small groups are referred to as studio craft. Studio craft includes studio pottery , metalwork , weaving , woodturning , paper and other forms of woodworking , glassblowing , and glass art . A craft fair
273-501: The need to be permanently involved in the exchange of goods often demanded a higher level of education , and craftspeople were usually in a more privileged position than the peasantry in societal hierarchy . The households of artisans were not as self-sufficient as those of people engaged in agricultural work, and therefore had to rely on the exchange of goods. Some crafts, especially in areas such as pottery , woodworking , and various stages of textile production, could be practiced on
294-611: The present day. But crafts have undergone deep structural changes since and during the era of the Industrial Revolution . The mass production of goods by large-scale industry has limited crafts to market segments in which industry's modes of functioning or its mass-produced goods do not satisfy the preferences of potential buyers. As an outcome of these changes, craftspeople today increasingly make use of semi-finished components or materials and adapt these to their customers' requirements or demands. Thus, they participate in
315-613: The prison comprises five Residential Units: All cells have integral sanitation , television and electricity , while cells in Unit 5 also have showers . Education at the prison is provided by Milton Keynes College and courses offered include: Literacy and Numeracy ; Social & Life Skills; Communication & Application of Number; ESOL ; Practical Crafts ; Visual Art ; Cookery ; Information Technology ; Painting and Decorating ; Woodwork ; Horticulture ; Cleaning Science; Physical Education ; and Music . Other facilities at
336-519: The prison include a gym and sports pitches, Chaplaincy service, Job Centre , PIN telephones , Legal Services, Incentives and Earned Privileges schemes, Connexions and the Samaritans . A November 2013 inspection of HMYOI Brinsford found that the situation at the institution had not improved since the previous inspection in 2012. The Chief Inspector of Prisons stated that Brinsford had "the worst overall findings my inspectorate has identified in
357-582: The process of craft. She argues that what happens to an object before it becomes a "product" is an area worthy of study. The term crafts is used to describe artistic practices within the family of decorative arts that traditionally are defined by their relationship to functional or utilitarian products (such as sculptural forms in the vessel tradition) or by their use of such natural media as wood , clay , ceramics , glass , textiles , and metal . The Arts and Crafts Movement originated in Britain during
378-402: The regime promising a renewed focus on education and training at the site. In 2003, four prisoners escaped from Brinsford after assaulting a prison officer and stealing his keys to an administration block. The four inmates then smashed a window and escaped over the prison's perimeter wall. In 2008, an additional residential unit and activity centre were built at Brinsford. This resulted in
399-414: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Brinsford . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brinsford&oldid=315816696 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
420-610: The untrained observer. Other scholars working on craft skill focus on observational learning and mimicry, exploring how learners visually parse the movements of experts. Certain researchers even de-emphasize the role of the individual craftsperson, noting the collective nature of craft understanding or emphasizing the role of materials as collaborators in the process of production. There are three aspects to human creativity: art, crafts, and science. Roughly, art relies upon intuitive sensing, vision, and expression; crafts upon sophisticated technique; and science upon knowledge. Handicraft
441-526: Was opened in 1991 as a YOI and Remand Centre. The site had been previously acquired from the Ministry of Defence , and already housed Featherstone Prison . In 2001, Brinsford was branded a disgrace after an inspection found the prison's regime to be negligent and lacking in understanding towards prisoners, with large indicators of self harm , fear of safety and bullying at the prison. A year later two additional education blocks were built at Brinsford, with
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