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50-470: The Bristol riots refer to a number of significant riots in the city of Bristol in England. In 1794 the populace of Bristol were said to be "apt to collect in mobs on the slightest occasions; but have been seldom so spirited as in the late transactions on Bristol-bridge." The Bristol Bridge Riot of 30 September 1793 began as a protest at renewal of an act levying tolls on Bristol Bridge , which included

100-429: A Lloyds Bank and post office, several fire engines and twelve police cars. Thirty-three people were injured, including 21 policemen and three firemen, and 21 arrests were made, but no one was ever convicted of any crime. Clashes with police also occurred in the same area during 1980 and 1986, as the issues that had led to the riot some 6 years previously hung in the air. On 7 May 1986, "Avon and Somerset Police organized

150-399: A celebratory dinner was held on Spike Island for a thousand of the navvies , navigational engineers who had worked on the construction. At the dinner "two oxen, roasted whole, a proportionate weight of potatoes, and six hundredweight of plum pudding" were served, along with a gallon of strong beer for each man. When the beer ran out a mass brawl between English and Irish labourers turned into

200-577: A contemporary history states he escaped over the rooftops, but the mayor and officials were besieged in the Mansion-house. The rioters numbered about 500 or 600 young men and continued for three days, during which the palace of Robert Gray the Bishop of Bristol , the Mansion House, and private homes and property were looted and destroyed, along with demolition of much of the gaol . Work on

250-604: A large raid in the St Paul's district of Bristol. Almost exactly one year after the 1985 Handsworth riots , 600 police moved into the area to search premises in connection with drugs and drinking offences. The reaction was serious rioting and attacks on police". On the final day of the clash, 9 May, "2 cops are injured when their patrol car is attacked by stones and other missiles in the third day of disturbances." In 1996 The Independent published an article stating "Inner-city area struggles to lose violent image", but by 2017 not only

300-650: A meeting held in Glasgow City Hall shortly afterwards. He criticised the UWO and defended the actions of the Poplar Board of Guardians, who had called in the police. It suspended activity in 1939, at the outbreak of the Second World War , and the decision to wind it up was taken in 1943. It was finally dissolved in 1946. Over the years there have been several attempts to revive the movement, one of

350-509: A number of people have died or been injured as a result of their use. For example, seventeen deaths were caused by rubber bullets in Northern Ireland over the thirty five years between 1970 and 2005. A high risk of being arrested is even more effective against rioting than severe punishments. As more and more people join the riot, the risk of being arrested goes down, which persuades still more people to join. In India, rioting

400-406: A police patrol car after being chased around the estate. The two deceased men were well known within the community, while the officers involved were not trained in safe pursuit, and had not followed procedures. Tensions were already high between the authorities and community as a result of distrust of the police and issues with deprivation in the area, and they were compounded during the disturbance by

450-515: A riot which had to be suppressed by a naval press gang . The Bristol Riots of 1831 took place after the House of Lords rejected the second Reform Bill , which aimed to get rid of some of the rotten boroughs and give Britain's fast growing industrial towns such as Bristol, Manchester , Birmingham , Bradford and Leeds greater representation in the House of Commons. Bristol had been represented in

500-618: A specific religion, or those believed to belong to that religion. Sports riots such as the Nika riots can be sparked by the losing or winning of a specific team or athlete. Fans of the two teams may also fight. Sports riots may happen as a result of teams contending for a championship, a long series of matches, or scores that are close. Sports are the most common cause of riots in the United States, accompanying more than half of all championship games or series. Almost all sports riots in

550-423: Is a riot for political purposes or that develops out of a political protest . A prison riot is a large-scale, temporary act of concerted defiance or disorder by a group of prisoners against prison administrators, prison officers, or other groups of prisoners. It is often done to express a grievance, force change or attempt escape. In a race riot , race or ethnicity is the key factor. The term had entered

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600-583: Is an offense under the Indian Penal Code (IPC). In 1988 the Israeli army issued rules of engagement for the use of plastic bullets which defined a "violent riot" as a disturbance with the participation of three or more persons, including stone throwing, erection of a barrier or barricade, burning a tire. Riot is a statutory offence in England and Wales . It is created by section 1(1) of

650-421: Is often a difficult task for police forces. They may use tear gas or CS gas to control rioters. Riot police may use less-than-lethal methods of control, such as shotguns that fire flexible baton rounds to injure or otherwise incapacitate rioters for easier arrest. Food riots are caused by harvest failures, incompetent food storage, hoarding, poisoning of food, or attacks by pests like locusts . When

700-472: Is shown there were at least twelve present using or threatening unlawful violence. The word "violence" is defined by section 8. The violence can be against the person or against property. The mens rea is defined by section 6(1). In the past, the Riot Act had to be read by an official – with the wording exactly correct – before violent policing action could take place. If the group did not disperse after

750-733: The 2005 civil unrest in France lasted over three weeks and spread to nearly 300 towns. By the end of the incident, over 10,000 vehicles were destroyed and over 300 buildings burned. Over 2,800 suspected rioters were arrested and 126 police and firefighters were injured. Estimated damages were over €200 Million. Riots are typically dealt with by the police, although methods differ from country to country. Tactics and weapons used can include attack dogs , water cannons , plastic bullets , rubber bullets , pepper spray , flexible baton rounds , and snatch squads . Many police forces have dedicated divisions to deal with public order situations. Some examples are

800-500: The Clifton Suspension Bridge was halted and Isambard Kingdom Brunel was sworn in as a special constable . The mayor, Charles Pinney , requested the assistance of the cavalry as a precaution and a troop of the 3rd Dragoon Guards and a squadron of the 14th Light Dragoons were sent to Bristol under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Brereton . Brereton did not wish to incite the crowd and even ordered

850-537: The House of Commons since 1295, but by 1830 only 6,000 of the 104,000 population had the vote. Local magistrate Sir Charles Wetherell , a strong opponent of the Bill, visited Bristol to open the new Assize Courts , on 29 October. He threatened to imprison participants in a disturbance going on outside, and an angry mob chased him to the Mansion House in Queen Square . The magistrate escaped in disguise, although

900-577: The Public Order Act 1986 . Sections 1(1) to (5) of that Act read: (1) Where 12 or more persons who are present together use or threaten unlawful violence for a common purpose and the conduct of them (taken together) is such as would cause a person of reasonable firmness present at the scene to fear for his personal safety, each of the persons using unlawful violence for the common purpose is guilty of riot. A single person can be liable for an offence of riot when they use violence, provided that it

950-557: The St Pauls district, as a consequence of racial tensions between Black members of the community and the police, including concerns over sus laws , poor housing and alienation of Black youth. When 20 police officers carried out a raid on the Black and White Café located on Grosvenor Road in the heart of St Pauls, they faced resistance, which escalated into a riot. The riot continued for many hours and caused large amounts of damage including

1000-478: The Territorial Support Group ( London ), Special Patrol Group ( London ), Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité ( France ), Mobiele Eenheid ( Netherlands ), and Arrest units ( Germany ). The policing of riots has been marred by incidents in which police have been accused of provoking rioting or crowd violence. While the weapons described above are officially designated as non-lethal ,

1050-517: The Tyne to riot in 1709, tin miners to plunder granaries at Falmouth in 1727." In the 1977 Egyptian Bread Riots , hundreds of thousands of people rioted after food subsidies stopped and prices rose. A police riot is a term for the disproportionate and unlawful use of force by a group of police against a group of civilians. This term is commonly used to describe a police attack on civilians or provoking civilians into violence. A political riot

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1100-416: The 1980s. Under United States federal law , a riot is defined as: A public disturbance involving (1) an act or acts of violence by one or more persons part of an assemblage of three or more persons, which act or acts shall constitute a clear and present danger of, or shall result in, damage or injury to the property of any other person or to the person of any other individual or (2) a threat or threats of

1150-590: The Act was read, lethal force could legally be used against the crowd. See also the Black Act . Riot is an indictable-only offence . A person convicted of riot is liable to imprisonment for any term not exceeding ten years, or to a fine , or to both. See the following cases: In the case of riot connected to football hooliganism, the offender may be banned from football grounds for a set or indeterminate period of time and may be required to surrender their passport to

1200-704: The Electoral Law Act (Northern Ireland) 1962. There is an offence under the law of Scotland which is known both as " mobbing " and "mobbing and rioting". In July 1981, both Dundee and Edinburgh saw significant disorder as part of the events of that July, while in 1994 and in 2013, two years after the English riots of August 2011, Edinburgh saw rioting, albeit localised to one specific area and not part of any bigger 'riot wave'. Events in 1981 were very similar to those in England, although sources are severely limited. Both Niddrie and Craigmillar saw riots in

1250-408: The English language in the United States by the 1890s. Early use of the term referred to riots that were often a mob action by members of a majority racial group against people of other perceived races. In a religious riot , the key factor is religion . Historically, these riots could involve groups arguing who possesses the primate of orthodoxy . The rioting mob targets people and properties of

1300-736: The National Executive Council advised Labour parties and trades councils along the route of the Jarrow Crusade not to help the marchers, although local branches were more generous. In 1923 Gunnar Soderberg led a breakaway group called the Unemployed Workers' Organisation (UWO), the views of which were based on the industrial unionism of the Industrial Workers of the World . They objected to

1350-691: The Public Order Act 1986 now provides: As to this provision, see pages 84 and 85 of the Law Commission's report. The common law offence of riot was abolished for England and Wales on 1 April 1987. The Riot Act 1414 ( 2 Hen. 5. Stat. 1 . c. 8) was an Act of the Parliament of England . Section 1 of, and Schedule 1 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1948 repealed: The whole chapter, so far as unrepealed,

1400-502: The United States occur in the winning team's city. The economic and political effects of riots can be as complex as their origins. Property destruction and harm to individuals are often immediately measurable. During the 1992 Los Angeles riots , 2,383 people were injured, more than 12,000 were arrested, 63 people were killed and over 700 businesses burned. Property damage was estimated at over $ 1 billion. At least ten of those killed were shot by police or National Guard forces. Similarly,

1450-613: The abandonment of the revolutionary goal of abolishing the wages system in favour of work at trade union rates or maintenance at trade union rates. They had close links to Communist Workers Party but only gained a significant following in Poplar during the 1923 Docks Strike . It did not survive long after a physical attack on its members on 26 September 1923 in Poplar High Street by the police, which left 40 members in hospital. Wal Hannington filled in for George Lansbury at

1500-465: The breaking news that Hartcliffe had been denied funding from the government's City Challenge Initiative for the second year running. In total the disturbance lasted for 3 days. Police were attacked and many of the already rundown shops in the Symes Avenue shopping centre were torched, smashed up and damaged. Around 80 or so arrests led to more than 60 people charged and taken through the courts, and

1550-475: The centre of the city, on Sunday 21 March 2021 as the culmination of a protest against what became the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022 . Police vans were set on fire, including one containing officers. Initial reports from police stated that officers had suffered broken bones, but these statements proved to be false. Further protests occurred on 23 and 26 March, turning violent as police moved to disband

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1600-405: The commission of an act or acts of violence by one or more persons part of an assemblage of three or more persons having, individually or collectively, the ability of immediate execution of such threat or threats, where the performance of the threatened act or acts of violence would constitute a clear and present danger of, or would result in, damage or injury to the property of any other person or to

1650-510: The outcome of a sporting event (e.g., sports riot , football hooliganism ) or frustration with legal channels through which to air grievances. While individuals may attempt to lead or control a riot, riots typically consist of disorganized groups that are frequently "chaotic and exhibit herd behavior ." There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that riots are not irrational, herd-like behavior (sometimes called mob mentality ), but actually follow inverted social norms. Dealing with riots

1700-627: The person of any other individual. 18 U.S.C.   § 2102 . Each state may have its own definition of a riot. In New York , the term riot is not defined explicitly, but under § 240.08 of the New York Penal Law , "A person is guilty of inciting to riot when one urges ten or more persons to engage in tumultuous and violent conduct of a kind likely to create public alarm." Sources: [REDACTED] Media related to Riots at Wikimedia Commons National Unemployed Workers Movement The National Unemployed Workers' Movement

1750-619: The police baton-charging protesters outside Trinity police station and along Old Market . Many people, including bystanders, were injured. Gradually over the next five years, unemployment in Bristol reduced and by 1937 just 11,500 people were registered unemployed in the city, contrasted to the 28,000 or so that were registered as unemployed at the time of the riot. The Park Street riot occurred in Park Street and George Street on 15 July 1944. Racial tensions inflamed by earlier incidents, and

1800-600: The police for a period of time in the event of a club or international match, or international tournament, connected with the offence. This prevents travelling to the match or tournament in question. (The measures were brought in by the Football (Disorder) Act 2000 after rioting of England fans at Euro 2000 . ) See the Riot (Damages) Act 1886 and section 235 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 . Section 10 of

1850-505: The policeman who had swerved his car into the path of the motorbike, was found guilty of causing the two deaths by dangerous driving. A riot began in front of a new Tesco Metro at the southern end of Cheltenham Road on 21 April 2011. Allegedly in protest at the opening of a new Tesco Metro, the riot began when police raided a squat, known as Telepathic Heights, opposite the store. Skips and bins were set alight, bottles thrown, and running battles occurred between police and protestors up and down

1900-525: The proposal to demolish several houses near the bridge in order to create a new access road, and controversy about the date for removal of gates. Eleven people were killed and 45 injured, making it one of the worst massacres of the 18th century in England. Following the successful completion of the New Cut artificial waterway, the Bristol floating harbour project was certified as complete on 1 May 1809, and

1950-613: The protestors. Riot Riots typically involve destruction of property, public or private. The property targeted varies depending on the riot and the inclinations of those involved. Targets can include shops , cars , restaurants , state-owned institutions, and religious buildings. Riots often occur in reaction to a grievance or out of dissent . Historically, riots have occurred due to poverty, unemployment, poor living conditions , governmental oppression , taxation or conscription , conflicts between ethnic groups ( race riot ) or religions (e.g., sectarian violence , pogrom ),

2000-489: The public becomes desperate from such conditions, groups may attack shops, farms, homes, or government buildings to obtain bread or other staple foods like grain or salt. T. S. Ashton , in his study of food riots among colliers , noted that "the turbulence of the colliers is, of course, to be accounted for by something more elementary than politics: it was the instinctive reaction of virility to hunger." Charles Wilson noted, "Spasmodic rises in food prices provoked keelmen on

2050-496: The racial segregation of GIs both in the UK and abroad, came to a head in Bristol when a large number of black GIs refused to come back to their camps after US Military Police came to end a minor fracas. More MPs were sent, up to 120 policemen, and Park Street was closed off with buses. In subsequent confrontation, an MP was stabbed, a black GI was shot dead, and several others were wounded. The St Pauls riot started on 2 April 1980 in

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2100-526: The rioters, with a total death toll put as high as 500. Along with the commander of the 3rd Dragoons troop, Captain Warrington, Brereton was later court-martialled for leniency, but Brereton shot himself before the conclusion of his trial. Approximately 100 of those involved were tried in January 1832 by Chief Justice Tindal . Four men were hanged despite a petition of 10,000 Bristolian signatures, which

2150-465: The squadron from the 14th out of the city after they had successfully dispersed a crowd. Seeing this as a victory, the riots continued, and eventually Brereton had to call on the 3rd and 14th to restore order and he eventually led a charge with drawn swords through the mob in Queen Square. Four rioters were killed and 86 wounded, although many more are believed to have perished in the fires set by

2200-474: The street until the early hours of the morning. Protests had started in Tottenham , London, following the shooting of Mark Duggan , a local man who was shot dead by police on 4 August. In the early hours of the morning on Tuesday 9 August, it was reported that vandalism and looting occurred in Bristol in response to similar occurring elsewhere in the country. A riot began outside Bridewell police station, in

2250-649: Was a British organisation set up in 1921 by members of the Communist Party of Great Britain . It aimed at drawing attention to the plight of unemployed workers during the post-First World War slump , the 1926 General Strike and later the Great Depression , and at fighting the Means Test . The NUWM was founded by Wal Hannington and led in Scotland by Harry McShane . From 1921 until 1929 it

2300-484: Was called the National Unemployed Workers' Committee Movement. The NUWM became the foremost body responsible for organising the unemployed on a national basis in the interwar period , these years being characterised by high levels of unemployment. A central element of its activities was a series of hunger marches to London, organised in 1922, 1929, 1930, 1932, 1934 and 1936. The largest of these

2350-589: Was given to King William IV . The mayor, Pinney, was tried for negligence but exonerated. On 23 February 1932, in reaction to the government reducing unemployment benefit by 10 per cent, around 4,000 protestors tried to march down to the city centre, led by the National Unemployed Workers Movement . Throughout the protest, police showed heavy resistance, drawing their batons and deploying mounted police on horseback, which caused retaliation from protestors. This behaviour climaxed with

2400-681: Was repealed by section 10(2) of, and Part I of Schedule 3 to, the Criminal Law Act 1967 . The statute 2 Hen. 5. Stat. 1, of which this chapter was part, was repealed for the Republic of Ireland by section 1 of, and Part 2 of the Schedule to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1983 . Riot is a serious offence for the purposes of Chapter 3 of the Criminal Justice (Northern Ireland) Order 2008. See paragraph 13 of Schedule 5 to

2450-665: Was the National Hunger March, 1932 , which was followed by some days of serious violence across central London with 75 people being badly injured, which in turn led directly to the formation of the National Council for Civil Liberties . To the dismay of many within the wider labour movement, the Labour Party and the official trades union bodies offered little support to the legions of unemployed workers during this period. The Trades Union Congress and

2500-553: Was the city of Bristol named best place to live in the whole of the UK in March by The Sunday Times , but St Paul's itself was dubbed fifth ‘coolest’ place to live by The Times the same month. On 16 July 1992 a riot occurred on the Hartcliffe estate after Shaun Star and his friend were killed by police on a stolen unmarked police motorbike the two men had previously stolen from the local area. Both men got knocked off and killed by

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