A regular army is the official army of a state or country (the official armed forces ), contrasting with irregular forces , such as volunteer irregular militias , private armies , mercenaries , etc. A regular army usually has the following:
41-678: The 4th Infantry Division was a regular infantry division of the British Army with a very long history, seeing active service in the Peninsular War and Waterloo Campaign , the Crimean and Boer Wars and both World Wars. It was disbanded after the Second World War and reformed in the 1950s as an armoured formation before being disbanded and reformed again and finally disbanded on 1 January 2012. The 4th Division
82-405: A specific task and allocated the required forces needed. The divisional commander ( general officer commanding (GOC)) would oversee these battlegroups, but early training showed this to be impractical. To compensate, the divisional headquarters was increased to 750 men (wartime strength) and included two brigadiers. Each officer would command a flexible task force, which consisted of the battlegroups
123-786: The Army National Guard in the United States. This article about a specific military unit is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Balmoral, South Africa Balmoral is a town in the Emalahleni Local Municipality in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa . The village was established as a railway station of the Oosterlijn from Pretoria to Maputo in 1894. The village and railway station were erected at
164-584: The Battle of Waterloo it was tasked with holding Wellington's right flank and, with the exception of its 4th brigade, took no active part in the fighting, but did capture the town of Cambrai afterwards. The commanding general at this time was Charles Colville . In his novel Les Misérables Victor Hugo credits Colville with asking for the surrender of the Imperial Guard at Waterloo and receiving General Cambronne's reply of " Merde ". The Division
205-549: The British Expeditionary Force (BEF). All three of the division's brigades were commanded by distinguished soldiers, the 10th by Brigadier Evelyn Barker , the 11th by Brigadier Kenneth Anderson and the 12th by Brigadier John Hawkesworth . After the disastrous Battle of France in May–June 1940, where the division sustained heavy losses, and the evacuation at Dunkirk , it spent the next two years in
246-861: The British First Army . During the Tunisian Campaign it was involved in Operation Vulcan , the final ground attack against Axis forces in North Africa which ended the North African Campaign , with the surrender of nearly 250,000 German and Italian soldiers. During the assault the division suffered heavy losses, with four battalions sustaining over 300 casualties. After the Axis defeat in North Africa, in May 1943,
287-495: The Greater London area). In the event of a major international crisis, the formation would be used as the core to form a combat-ready division around. On reformation (1 April 1995), the division was headquartered at Aldershot and adopted a tiger as its insignia. It comprised the 2nd Brigade (headquartered at Shorncliffe Army Camp ), the 24th Airmobile Brigade (Colchester), and the 145th Infantry Brigade (Aldershot). At
328-585: The Greek Civil War . During its time in Greece, the division was deployed to Attica . In February 1946, it moved to the northern part of the country after the 4th Indian Division returned to India. It was relieved by the 13th Infantry Division in Attica. The following month, it was disbanded while still in Greece. In Germany, on 1 April 1956, the 4th Infantry Division was reformed at Herford following
369-639: The U.S. Fifth Army . In March the division transferred to Lieutenant-General Sidney Kirkman 's British XIII Corps , part of the British Eighth Army . The division, now under the command of Major-General Alfred Dudley Ward , fought with distinction at the fourth and final Battle of Monte Cassino in May 1944, and later in severe fighting in the battles for the Gothic Line . During the battle of Cassino Captain Richard Wakeford of
410-555: The 16th Air Assault Brigade based there) and the 49th (Eastern) Brigade. In return the formation's region was expanded west, so that it gained the 43rd (Wessex) Brigade . The 145th Infantry Brigade was renamed the 145th (South) Brigade, and the division was given administrative control over the Brunei garrison and the British Gurkhas Nepal organisation. The Strategic Defence and Security Review of 2010 identified that
451-838: The 2/4th Battalion, Hampshire Regiment was awarded the Victoria Cross. However, in November 1944 it was dispatched, with the rest of III Corps , to Greece to provide assistance during the Greek Civil War , and was to remain there until the end of the war in Europe in May 1945. The 4th Infantry Division was constituted as follows during the war 10th Infantry Brigade 11th Infantry Brigade ( left 5 June 1942 ) 12th Infantry Brigade 21st Army Tank Brigade ( from 6 June 1942, left 12 December 1943 ) 28th Infantry Brigade ( from 24 December 1943 ) Divisional Troops The 4th Infantry Division remained in Greece, during
SECTION 10
#1732802452448492-501: The 4th Armoured Division. It then restructured to consist of two armoured regiments, three mechanised infantry battalions, and two artillery regiments, as the Mason Review had removed brigades and replaced them with a concept of task forces or battlegroups. It was intended that the division could form up to five battlegroups, with each commanded by either an armoured regiment or an infantry battalion. These groups were to be formed for
533-643: The 4th Division was disbanded (followed by the 2nd and the 5th Divisions in April). Regular army A regular army may be: In the United Kingdom and the United States, the term Regular Army means the professional standing active duty army, as different from the reserve component: the Army Reserve (formerly the Territorial Army ) in the United Kingdom and the U.S. Army Reserve and
574-594: The Berg-en-dal kopje. The Battle of Bergendal was the last set-piece action of the war, but was followed by a long period of Guerrilla warfare . British forces were increasingly dispersed into ad hoc columns pursuing small Boer forces. Lyttelton's division was reduced to five-and-a-half battalions and a Mounted infantry detachment for Buller's advance to Lydenburg in September. On 5 September 7 Brigade's camp came under long range artillery fire, but Howard and
615-525: The Boers on the way to Amersfoort on 7 August, then carried out a 10-day march via Ermelo , skirmishing every day, with the opposition increasing as the column advanced. On 22 August Walter Kitchener was detached with part of his brigade to clear some troublesome Kopjes on the flank, and next day section of 21st Battery, RFA, was heavily engaged with Boer guns. The division joined up with Roberts on 27 August, when 7th Brigade assaulted an entrenched position on
656-912: The Co-operative is in line with Clause 3 of 19 of the Co-operative Act, 2005. The graveyard of the Balmoral concentration camp , dating back to the Second Boer War , lies at the property of the BVKB. In 1997 the BVKB-residents established the "Volksmoord Museum of Boer Genocide" next to the graveyard of the Balmoral concentration camp and petitioned the British High Commission in Pretoria for an apology for
697-461: The GOC had formed. The division's task forces were named Task Force Golf and Task Force Hotel. These were not a reintroduction of a brigade command structure and had no administrative responsibilities. The approach intended to provide greater flexibility in tailoring forces to meet unforeseen events and allow for an overall reduction in the size of a division by 700 men. The task force concept was dropped by
738-614: The Siege of Ladysmith, and it played little part in Sir Redvers Buller 's operations to clear the Boers out of Natal in May and June. It was then left to defend Natal when Buller advanced into Transvaal in July. The division was not complete until 5 August when Walter Kitchener's 7th Brigade caught up. It marched out next day with Buller towards Balmoral to link up with Lord Roberts's Army. The division fought an engagement with
779-661: The United Kingdom on anti-invasion duties and training for its next deployment. In June 1942 the division, now under Major General John Hawkesworth, was selected to be converted into a 'mixed' division, consisting of two infantry brigades and one tank brigade. As a result of this change, the divisions' 11th Infantry Brigade left the division and was replaced by the 21st Army Tank Brigade . The division departed for North Africa in early 1943, arriving in Tunisia in March, coming under Lieutenant-General John Crocker 's IX Corps , part of
820-495: The army had had become optimised for operations in Afghanistan , but in order to meet potential future threats would need to be reorgnised to become more flexible. This restructure was called Army 2020 and resulted in the decision to disband the three regional regenerative divisions, to be replaced by Support Command , with the aim of making the home-based forces better able to support any deployed troops. During January 2012,
861-455: The artillery cleared the Boers away. The column entered Lydenburg on 7 September, then attacked Paardeplaats next day, when Lyttelton with his four remaining battalions attacked the Boer right. Buller's column then marched into the rugged country of North East Transvaal through the 'Devil's Knuckles' and 'Hell's Gate' before returning to Lydenburg on 2 October, capturing a large Boer supply column on
SECTION 20
#1732802452448902-429: The concentration camp deaths. In 2013, Willem Ratte removed his belongings from the museum, which decayed and repeatedly was vandalized. Later, Ratte refused to recollect its belongings from the place where he had stored them. In 2016, the empty and decayed museum burned down in a field fire. In 2016, the BVKB sold the graveyard and the ruins of the museum to a new owner. This Mpumalanga location article
943-476: The conversion and redesignation of the 11th Armoured Division (the latter division's 91st Lorried Infantry Brigade was reorganised as the 12th Infantry Brigade in the process of joining the 4th Infantry Division). The newly formed division, now part of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR), was also allocated the lorried infantry brigades of the 6th and the 7th Armoured Divisions . Two years later, following
984-420: The disbanding of different BAOR formations and further restructuring, the division comprised the 4th (Guards) , the 5th Infantry , and the 20th Armoured Brigades . Around this time period, the term "infantry" was dropped from the division's title so that it was known simply as the 4th Division. During February 1963, the division undertook Exercise Iron Bar , which trialed merging the divisional headquarters with
1025-586: The division had been assigned the 19th Infantry Brigade , which was located in Colchester, England. This brigade was subsequently switched with the 3rd Armoured Division's 33rd Armoured Brigade (based at Paderborn ), to bring the 4th Armoured Division up to a strength of three armoured brigades and with all its troops located in Germany. The end of the 1980s saw the dissolution of the Soviet Union and
1066-704: The division was to remain there for the next 9 months, during which time it was converted back into a standard infantry division, with the 28th Infantry Brigade , consisting mainly of Regular Army battalions who had served on garrison duties in Gibraltar, arriving to replace the 21st Tank Brigade. The division arrived on the Italian Front in late February 1944, relieving the British 46th Infantry Division , initially coming under command of Lieutenant-General Richard McCreery 's British X Corps , then serving under
1107-452: The divisional signal regiment. It proved successful and became permanent in 1965, followed by Exercise Open Glove to further test the arrangement. By the 1970s, the division consisted of the 6th and 20th Armoured Brigades. The 1975 Mason Review , a government white paper , outlined a new defence policy that restructured the BAOR. As a result, on 1 January 1978, the 4th Division was renamed
1148-552: The end of the Cold War. In July 1990, the British government announced Options for Change . This framework sought to restructure the British military based on the new strategic situation, allow for further cost saving measures to be enacted, and to reduce the BAOR by half. In July 1993, this resulted in the division being redesignated and becoming the 1st (UK) Armoured Division , and the 4th Armoured Division ceased to exist. During
1189-455: The end of the decade, having been deemed to have not met expectations. With the reintroduction of brigades, the division consisted of the 11th Armoured Brigade (based at Minden ) that comprised one armoured regiment and two mechanised infantry battalions, and the 20th Armoured Brigade (located in Detmold ) that consisted of two armoured regiments and one mechanised infantry battalion. By 1983,
1230-504: The farm Eenzaamheid . For decades the village was nothing more than a railway stop with a primary school for the surrounding farms. During the Second Boer War , the British built a concentration camp near the railway station. In 1997, several Afrikaner businessmen, including the chairman of the Boere-Republiek Koöperatief Beperk (Boers Republic Co-operative Limited), Fritz Meyer, bought three parts of
1271-440: The farm Eenzaamheid outside the village. Intended as a self-declared homeland for white Afrikaners, it was reputed to have been financed by American white supremacist politician David Duke . Prominent right-winger Willem Ratte owns a farm in Balmoral. In May 2012 the Boere-Republiek Koöperatief Beperk (Boers Republic Co-operative Limited) was re-registered as Balmoral Vestigings Koöperatief Beperk (BVKB). The objective of
4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom) - Misplaced Pages Continue
1312-514: The mid-1990s, the British Army further restructured. Various regional districts were replaced by several regionally based divisions, which included the reformed 4th Division. Alongside the 2nd and the 5th Divisions , the 4th was dubbed a "regenerative" formation; holding administrative and training responsibilities for all non-deployed forces located within its geographical boundaries (the south east and parts of eastern England , excluding
1353-525: The outbreak of the Second Boer War in 1899 comprised three divisions (six brigades) while the troops already in South Africa were intended to constitute a 4th Division of three brigades. However, the troops intended to form the 7th and 8th Brigades became caught up in the Siege of Ladysmith . (The 9th Brigade fought at the Battle of Modder River under Lord Methuen and later joined his 1st Division.) It
1394-634: The outbreak of the First World War. It served on the Western Front for the duration of the war and was present during all the major offensives including the Battle of the Marne , Battle of Ypres , Battle of the Somme and the Battle of Passchendaele . The order of battle of 4th Division during the First World War was as follows: From early November 1915 until February 1916 the 12th Brigade
1435-465: The time, it was between 13,400–14,400 strong and the largest British formation based in the UK. It also contained 26 Challenger I tanks, 154 artillery pieces, in addition to other weapon systems and vehicles. The 1998 Strategic Defence Review resulted in several changes. The 24th (Airmobile) Brigade was merged with the 5th (Airborne) Brigade to form the 16 Air Assault Brigade in 1999. While this brigade
1476-538: The way. Roberts and Buller returned to the UK In early October and Lyttelton took over command of Buller's forces scattered in small garrisons guarding the Natal– Delagoa Bay Railway . The brigade and divisional organisation was abandoned for the rest of the war. As a permanently established Regular Army division it was amongst the first to be sent to France as part of the British Expeditionary Force at
1517-404: Was administered by the division, its operational command was held by Land Command . On 1 April 2000, the boundaries of the division were expanded so that it then over oversaw London District (for budgetary purposes) and it took command of the 49th (Eastern) Brigade . During 2007, the division's boundaries were again changed, resulting in the loss of Colchester Garrison (as well as administering
1558-840: Was also called for service during the Crimean War fought between the allied forces of the United Kingdom , French Empire and the Ottoman Empire on one side and Russia on the other. It saw action in the Battle of Alma the Battle of Inkerman and the Battle of Balaclava , fought on 25 October 1854 (famous for the Charge of the Light Brigade and the Thin Red Line ). Commanding General: Major General Sir George Cathcart The Army Corps sent from Britain on
1599-608: Was only after the Relief of Ladysmith in March 1900 that the 4th Division under the command of Lieutenant-General the Hon Neville Lyttelton was formed from the garrison and joined the Natal Field Force. It was sometimes known as the 'Ladysmith Division'. The division was constituted as follows: 7th Brigade 8th Brigade Divisional troops The troops of 4th Division were still sickly after
1640-641: Was originally formed in 1809 by Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington , as part of the Anglo-Portuguese Army , for service in the Peninsular War . It fought in the Battles of Talavera , Salamanca , Roncesvalles , Vitoria , the Pyrenees , Orthez , and Toulouse , and the siege of Badajoz . The order of battle from January 1812 was as follows: Major General Sir Charles Colville (to April 1812) Major General Lowry Cole (from June 1812) At
1681-595: Was swapped with the 107th Brigade of the 36th (Ulster) Division . Artillery Engineers Pioneers Shortly after the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939 the 4th Division, under Major General Dudley Johnson , who had won the Victoria Cross (VC) in the Great War, was sent to the border between France and Belgium as part of Lieutenant-General Alan Brooke 's II Corps of