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73-436: Many of the building models in the concept were completely new designs by Wright, while others were refinements of older ones, some of which had rarely been seen. Broadacre City was the antithesis of a city and the apotheosis of the newly born suburbia , shaped through Wright's particular vision. It was both a planning statement and a socio-political scheme, inspired by Henry George , by which each U.S. family would be given

146-597: A crucial step in the process in which God's spirit children gain a body, which, though formed in the image of the Father's body, is subject to pain, illness, temptation, and death. The purpose of this earth life is to learn to choose the right in the face of that opposition, thereby gaining essential experience and wisdom. The level of intelligence we attain in this life will rise in the Resurrection (Doctrine and Covenants 130:18–19). Bodies will then be immortal like those of

219-469: A deceased ruler was recognized as divine by his successor, usually also by a decree of the Senate and popular consent . The first of these cases was the posthumous deification of the last Roman dictator Julius Caesar in 42 BC by his adopted son, the triumvir Caesar Octavian . In addition to showing respect, often the present ruler deified a popular predecessor to legitimize himself and gain popularity with

292-474: A one-acre (0.40-hectare) plot of land from the federal lands reserves, and a Wright-conceived community would be built anew from this. In a sense it was the exact opposite of transit-oriented development . There is a train station and a few office and apartment buildings in Broadacre City, but the apartment dwellers are expected to be a small minority. All important transport is done by automobile , and

365-629: A poem entitled "The Apotheosis, or the Snow-Drop" in 1787. Parodic Apotheoses include the conclusion of Alexander Pope 's mock heroic The Rape of the Lock , where the lock of hair that has caused the dispute rises to the heavens: The Lock, obtain'd with Guilt, and kept with Pain, In ev'ry place is sought, but sought in vain: ... But trust the Muse; she saw it upward rise, Tho' mark'd by none but quick Poetick Eyes: (So Rome's great Founder to

438-517: A rebirth, it is a participation in and partaking of the divine nature" (cf. 2 Peter 1:4 ). In Catholic teaching there is a vital distinction between natural life and supernatural life, the latter being "the life that God, in an act of love, freely gives to human beings to elevate them above their natural lives" and which they receive through prayer and the sacraments; indeed the Catholic Church sees human existence as having as its whole purpose

511-412: A segment of his ballet Spartacus "Sunrise and Apotheosis." Samuel Menashe (1925–2011) wrote a poem entitled Apotheosis, as did Barbara Kingsolver . Emily Dickinson (1830–1886) wrote Love, Poem 18: Apotheosis. The poet Dejan Stojanović 's Dancing of Sounds contains the line, "Art is apotheosis." Paul Laurence Dunbar wrote a poem entitled Love's Apotheosis. Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote

584-493: A son of God." "For He was made man that we might be made God." "The only-begotten Son of God, wanting to make us sharers in his divinity, assumed our nature, so that he, made man, might make men gods." Accusations of self deification to some degree may have been placed upon heretical groups such as the Waldensians . The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Theology, authored by Anglican Priest Alan Richardson, contains

657-655: A space for worship. The imperial cult was mainly popular in the provinces, especially in the Eastern Empire, where many cultures were well-used to deified rulers, and less popular in Rome itself, and among traditionalists and intellectuals. Some privately (and cautiously) ridiculed the apotheosis of inept and feeble emperors, as in the satire The Pumpkinification of (the Divine) Claudius , usually attributed to Seneca . Numerous mortals have been deified into

730-561: A substance is not found in scripture but, in many aspects, mirrored the Greek metaphysical philosophies that are known to have influenced the thinking of Church Fathers. Latter-day Saints teach that by modern revelation, God restored the knowledge that he is the literal father of our spirits (Hebrews 12:9) and that the Biblical references to God creating mankind in his image and likeness are in no way allegorical. As such, Mormons assert that as

803-542: A treatment has often been seen by 20th-century critics as "vacuous bombast". Richard Wagner famously used the term metaphorically in describing Beethoven 's Seventh Symphony as "the apotheosis of the dance". Hector Berlioz used "Apotheose" as the title of the final movement of his Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale , a work composed in 1846 for the dedication of a monument to France's war dead. Two of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 's ballets, The Sleeping Beauty and The Nutcracker , contain apotheoses as finales;

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876-630: Is God by nature converses with those whom he has made gods by grace, as a friend converses with his friends, face to face.' The Roman Catholic Church does not use the term "apotheosis" in its theology. Corresponding to the Greek word theosis are the Latin -derived words "divinization" and "deification" used in the parts of the Catholic Church that are of Latin tradition. The concept has been given less prominence in Western theology than in that of

949-485: Is a concept of the faithful becoming god-like, called divinization or in Eastern Christianity theosis . In Hinduism there is some scope for new deities. A human may be deified by becoming regarded as an avatar of an established deity, usually a major one, or by being regarded as a new, independent, deity (usually a minor one), or some mixture of the two. In art, an apotheosis scene typically shows

1022-504: Is a figure in a work of art depicted as a chubby male child, usually naked and very often winged. Originally limited to profane passions in symbolism, the putto came to represent a sort of baby angel in religious art, often called a cherub (plural cherubim), though in traditional Christian theology a cherub is actually one of the most senior types of angel. The same figures were also seen in representations of classical myth , and increasingly in general decorative art. In Baroque art

1095-409: Is an undoubted and well-documented historical figure (1781–1830), who is regarded by some Hindus as an avatar of Krishna , himself another avatar of Vishnu, or as being a still more elevated deity. Bharat Mata ("Mother India") began as a national personification devised by a group of Bengali intellectuals in the late 19th century, but now receives some worship. Various Hindu and Buddhist rulers in

1168-412: Is deliberately unfixed, so that it is difficult to tell the difference between putti, cupids, and various forms of angels. They have no unique, immediately identifiable attributes, so that putti may have many meanings and roles in the context of art. Some of the more common associations are: The historiography of this subject matter is very short. Many art historians have commented on the importance of

1241-585: Is expressed in Latter-day scriptures (Mosiah 3:19, Alma 13:12, D&C 78:7, D&C 78:22, D&C 84:4, D&C 84:23, D&C 88:68, D&C 93:28) and is expressed by a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles: "Though stretched by our challenges, by living righteously and enduring well we can eventually become sufficiently more like Jesus in our traits and attributes, that one day we can dwell in

1314-527: Is on Jesus of Nazareth and his atoning sacrifice for man, Latter-day Saints believe that one purpose for Christ's mission and for his atonement is the exaltation or Christian deification of man. The third Article of Faith of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints states that all men may be saved from sin by the atonement of Jesus Christ, and LDS Gospel Doctrine (as published) states that all men will be saved and will be resurrected from death. However, only those who are sufficiently obedient and accept

1387-494: Is the glorification of a subject to divine levels and, commonly, the treatment of a human being, any other living thing, or an abstract idea in the likeness of a deity . The original sense of apotheosis relates to religion and is the subject of many works of art. Figuratively "apotheosis" may be used in almost any context for "the deification, glorification, or exaltation of a principle, practice, etc.", so normally attached to an abstraction of some sort. In religion, apotheosis

1460-477: Is the most extreme of these. These are often termed spiritelli , sometimes translated as " imps ". Older putto-like figures are seen in other art; they are very typical as winged teenage boys in the borders of works by the Embriachi workshop from the years around 1400. Most Renaissance putti are essentially decorative and they ornament both religious and secular works, without usually taking any actual part in

1533-639: Is the transformation of oneself in union with God . The theosis transformation includes a purification of the body and mind ( catharsis ), an illumination via a vision of God ( theoria ). In Eastern Christianity , the purpose of human life is theosis . According to Hierotheos (Vlachos) , this process is based on direct spiritual insight ( gnosis ) rather than the rational thought or intellectual and academic pursuits primary in Western Christian traditions. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( Mormons ), believes in apotheosis along

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1606-529: The Campus Martius sit below, and eagles fly above. The imperial couple are represented as Jupiter and Juno . The historian Dio Cassius , who says he was present, gives a detailed description of the large and lavish public consecratio of Pertinax , emperor for three months in 193, ordered by Septimius Severus . At the height of the imperial cult during the Roman Empire , sometimes

1679-618: The Ascension of Jesus in Christian art share many similarities in composition to apotheosis subjects, as do many images of saints being raised to heaven. These last may use "apotheosis" in their modern titles. Early examples were often of the founders of religious orders , later canonized, with those of Saint Ignatius Loyola in the Church of the Gesù ( Andrea Pozzo , 1691–1694, to the side of

1752-551: The Coma Berenices , a group of stars that still bear her name. From at least the Geometric period of the ninth century BC, the long-deceased heroes linked with founding myths of Greek sites were accorded chthonic rites in their heroon , or "hero-temple". In the Greek world, the first leader who accorded himself divine honours was Philip II of Macedon . At his wedding to his sixth wife, Philip's enthroned image

1825-549: The Eastern Catholic Churches , but is present in the Latin Church 's liturgical prayers, such as that of the deacon or priest when pouring wine and a little water into the chalice: "By the mystery of this water and wine may we come to share in the divinity of Christ who humbled himself to share in our humanity." Catholic theology stresses the concept of supernatural life, "a new creation and elevation,

1898-854: The Eumolpides (descended from Eumolpus ) of the Eleusinian mysteries , and some inherited priesthoods at oracle sites . The Greek hero cults can be distinguished on the other hand from the Roman cult of dead emperors , because the hero was not thought of as having ascended to Olympus or become a god: he was beneath the earth, and his power purely local. For this reason, hero cults were chthonic in nature, and their rituals more closely resembled those for Hecate and Persephone than those for Zeus and Apollo . Two exceptions were Heracles and Asclepius , who might be honoured as either gods or heroes, sometimes by chthonic night-time rites and sacrifice on

1971-676: The Mannerist period and late Renaissance in France , and throughout Baroque ceiling frescoes . Many artists have depicted them, but among the best-known are the sculptor Donatello and the painter Raphael . The two relaxed and curious putti who appear at the foot of Raphael's Sistine Madonna are often reproduced. They also experienced a major revival in the 19th century, where they gamboled through paintings by French academic painters, from advertisements to Gustave Doré ’s illustrations for Orlando Furioso . The iconography of putti

2044-660: The Middle Ages and was revived during the Quattrocento . The revival of the figure of the putto is generally attributed to Donatello , in Florence , in the 1420s, although there are some earlier manifestations (for example the tomb of Ilaria del Carretto , sculpted by Jacopo della Quercia in Lucca ). Since then, Donatello has been called the originator of the putto because of the contribution to art he made in restoring

2117-617: The Taoist pantheon , such as Guan Yu , Iron-crutch Li and Fan Kuai . Song dynasty general Yue Fei was deified during the Ming dynasty and is considered by some practitioners to be one of the three highest-ranking heavenly generals. The Ming dynasty epic Investiture of the Gods deals heavily with deification legends. In the complicated and variable conceptions of deity in Buddhism ,

2190-433: The emperor 's deceased loved ones—heirs, empresses, or lovers, as Hadrian's Antinous —were deified as well. Deified people were awarded posthumously the title Divus ( Diva if women) to their names to signify their divinity. Traditional Roman religion distinguished between a deus (god) and a divus (a mortal who became divine or deified), though not consistently. Temples and columns were erected to provide

2263-445: The pedestrian can exist safely only within the confines of the one-acre (0.40-hectare) plots where most of the population dwells. In his book Urban Planning Theory since 1945 , Nigel Taylor considers the planning methodology of this type of city to be Blueprint planning , which came under heavy criticism in the late 1950s by many critics such as Jane Jacobs , in her 1961 book The Death and Life of Great American Cities . Some of

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2336-547: The Father and the Son (Philippians 3:21), but the degree of glory to which each person will resurrect is contingent upon the Final Judgment (Revelation 20:13, 1 Corinthians 15:40–41). Those who are worthy to return to God's presence can continue to progress towards a fullness of God's glory, which Mormons refer to as eternal life, or exaltation (Doctrine and Covenants 76). The Latter-day Saint concept of apotheosis/exaltation

2409-473: The Father of us all, dwelt on an earth, the same as Jesus Christ himself did." Many scholars also have discussed the correlation between Latter-day Saint belief in exaltation and the ancient Christian theosis, or deification, as set forth by early Church Fathers . Several Members of the Church believe that the original Christian belief in man's divine potential gradually lost its meaning and importance in

2482-414: The Father's presence forever and ever" (Neal Maxwell, October 1997). In early 2014, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints published an essay on the official church website specifically addressing the foundations, history, and official beliefs regarding apotheosis. The essay addresses the scriptural foundations of this belief, teachings of the early Church Fathers on the subject of deification, and

2555-556: The Heav'ns withdrew, To Proculus alone confess'd in View.) A sudden Star, it shot thro' liquid Air, And drew behind a radiant Trail of Hair. Not Berenice 's Locks first rose so bright, The Skies bespangling with dishevel'd Light. The Sylphs behold it kindling as it flies, And pleas'd pursue its Progress thro' the Skies. Anthropolatry is the deification and worship of humans. It

2628-611: The Imam Al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh was God incarnate . Hamza ibn Ali ibn Ahmad is considered the founder of the Druze faith and the primary author of the Druze manuscripts, he proclaimed that God became flesh, assumed a human nature, and became a man in the form of al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah . Historian David R. W. Bryer defines the Druzes as ghulat of Isma'ilism, since they exaggerated

2701-430: The achievement of Buddhahood may be regarded as an achievable goal for the faithful, and many significant deities are considered to have begun as normal humans, from Gautama Buddha himself downwards. Most of these are seen as avatars or re-births of earlier figures. Some significant Hindu deities, in particular Rama , were also born as humans; he is seen as an avatar of Vishnu . In more modern times, Swaminarayan

2774-533: The acquisition, preservation and intensification of this supernatural life. Deification for humans is holistic because people have a body and a soul. It begins immaterially or spiritually in the soul via the infusion of sanctifying grace - such as the fruit of the Holy Spirit - in baptism. Spiritual deification is consummated at entry into Paradise . Full deification is achieved at the resurrection on Judgment Day , via material or physical deification, when

2847-410: The appearance of a theme in grand or exalted form, typically as a finale. The term is especially associated with the symphonic works of Franz Liszt , where "the main theme, which may by and large be considered as characterizing the hero, is presented in its constituent elements blown up beyond all proportions and, because it is typically slowed down tremendously, is split up into smaller segments". Such

2920-554: The ascent of the deified person's soul to heaven. Imagery featuring the ascent, sometimes using a chariot, was common on coins and in other art. The largest and most famous example in art is a relief on the base of the Column of Antoninus Pius (d. 161), showing the emperor and his wife Faustina the Elder (d. c. 140) being carried up by a much larger winged figure, described as representing "Eternity", as personifications of "Roma" and

2993-499: The atonement and the grace and mercy of Jesus Christ before the resurrection and final judgment will be "exalted" and receive a literal Christian deification . A quote often attributed to the early Church leader Lorenzo Snow in 1837, is "As man now is, God once was: As God now is, man may be." The teaching was taught first by Joseph Smith while he was pointing to John 5:19 in the New Testament ; he said that "God himself,

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3066-584: The body is deified. Only saints will be fully deified, whereas the damned will only be made immortal. The whole Universe is unconditionally predestined for deification on Judgment Day, save for humans and angels, whose predestination to deification is conditioned on moral behavior. Despite the theological differences, in Catholic church art depictions of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in art and

3139-496: The centuries after the death of the apostles, as doctrinal changes by post-apostolic theologians caused Christians to lose sight of the true nature of God and his purpose for creating humanity. The concept of God's nature that was eventually accepted as Christian doctrine in the 4th century set divinity apart from humanity by defining the Godhead as three persons sharing a common divine substance. That classification of God in terms of

3212-441: The classical form of putto. He gave putti a distinct character by infusing the form with Christian meanings and using it in new contexts such as musician angels . Putti also began to feature in works showing figures from classical mythology, which became popular in the same period. Some of Donatello's putti are rather older than the usual toddler type, and also behaving in a less than angelic way. The bronze figure of Amore-Attis

3285-497: The cult of the caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah and considered him divine; he also defines the Druzes as a religion that deviated from Islam. He also added that as a result of this deviation, the Druze faith "seems as different from Islam as Islam is from Christianity or Christianity is from Judaism". The Druze deify al-Hākim bi-Amr Allāh, attributing to him divine qualities similar to those Christians attribute to Jesus . Apart from

3358-659: The dome of the United States Capitol Building , is another example. Personifications of places or abstractions are also showed receiving an apotheosis. The typical composition was suitable for placement on ceilings or inside domes. Before the Hellenistic period, imperial cults were known in ancient Egypt ( pharaohs ) and Mesopotamia (from Naram-Sin through Hammurabi ). In the New Kingdom of Egypt , all deceased pharaohs were deified as

3431-409: The drama of salvation leading to the deification (apotheosis) of the human, in order that such perfection as originally part of human nature in creation but distorted by the fall might bring fellowship with the divine. The Druze faith further split from Isma'ilism as it developed its own unique doctrines, and finally separated from both Ismāʿīlīsm and Islam altogether; these include the belief that

3504-786: The earlier garden city ideas of the landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted and the urban planner Ebenezer Howard had much in common with Broadacre City, save for the absence of the automobile, born much later. More recently, the development of the edge city is like an unplanned, incomplete version of Broadacre city. The R. W. Lindholm Service Station in Cloquet, Minnesota , shows some of Wright's ideas for Broadacre City. Apotheosis Apotheosis (from Ancient Greek ἀποθέωσις ( apothéōsis ) , from ἀποθεόω / ἀποθεῶ ( apotheóō/apotheô )  'to deify'), also called divinization or deification (from Latin deificatio  'making divine'),

3577-535: The events depicted in narrative paintings. There are two popular forms of the putto as the main subject of a work of art in 16th-century Italian Renaissance art: the sleeping putto and the standing putto with an animal or other object. Putti, cupids , and angels (see below) can be found in both religious and secular art from the 1420s in Italy, the turn of the 16th century in the Netherlands and Germany ,

3650-601: The fifth century, St. Cyril of Alexandria says that we shall become sons 'by participation' (Greek methexis). Deification is the central idea in the spirituality of St. Maximus the Confessor, for whom the doctrine is the corollary of the Incarnation: 'Deification, briefly, is the encompassing and fulfillment of all times and ages', ... and St. Symeon the New Theologian at the end of the tenth century writes, 'He who

3723-518: The following day. One god considered as a hero to mankind is Prometheus , who secretly stole fire from Mount Olympus and introduced it to mankind. Up to the end of the Republic , the god Quirinus was the only one the Romans accepted as having undergone apotheosis, for his identification/ syncretism with Romulus (see Euhemerism ). Subsequently, apotheosis in ancient Rome was a process whereby

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3796-456: The following in an article titled "Deification": Deification (Greek theosis) is for Orthodoxy the goal of every Christian. Man, according to the Bible, is 'made in the image and likeness of God'. ... It is possible for man to become like God, to become deified, to become god by grace. This doctrine is based on many passages of both OT and NT (e.g. Ps. 82 (81).6; II Peter 1.4), and it is essentially

3869-588: The god Osiris , having been identified as Horus while on the throne, and sometimes referred to as the "son" of various other deities . The architect Imhotep was deified after his death, though the process seems to have been gradual, taking well over a thousand years, by which time he had become associated primarily with medicine. About a dozen non-royal ancient Egyptians became regarded as deities. Ancient Greek religion and its Roman equivalent have many figures who were born as humans but became gods, for example Hercules . They are typically made divine by one of

3942-505: The level of sharing the divine nature as 2 Peter 1:4 states that he became human to make humans "partakers of the divine nature". In John 10:34, Jesus referenced Psalm 82:6 when he stated "Is it not written in your Law, I have said you are gods?" Other authors stated: "For this is why the Word became man, and the Son of God became the Son of man: so that man, by entering into communion with the Word and thus receiving divine sonship, might become

4015-468: The lines of the Christian tradition of divinization or deification but refers to it as exaltation , or eternal life, and considers it to be accomplished by "sanctification". They believe that people may live with God throughout eternity in families and eventually become gods themselves but remain subordinate to God the Father, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit. While the primary focus of the LDS Church

4088-508: The literal offspring of God the Father (Acts 17:28–29), humans have the potential to be heirs of his glory and co-heirs with Christ (Romans 8:16–17). The glory, Mormons believe, lies not in God's substance but in his intelligence: in other words, light and truth (Doctrine and Covenants 93:36 ). Thus, the purpose of humans is to grow and progress to become like the Father in Heaven. Mortality is seen as

4161-587: The main deities, the Twelve Olympians . In the Roman story Cupid and Psyche , Zeus gives the ambrosia of the gods to the mortal Psyche, transforming her into a goddess herself. In the case of the Hellenistic queen Berenice II of Egypt , herself deified like other rulers of the Ptolemaic dynasty , the court propagated a myth that her hair, cut off to fulfill a vow, had its own apotheosis before becoming

4234-542: The nave cupola) and Saint Dominic in Santi Domenico e Sisto (1674–1675) two examples in Rome. The Allegory of Divine Providence and Barberini Power by Pietro da Cortona (1630s) celebrated Pope Urban VIII and his family, combining heraldic symbols including the crossed keys of the papacy and giant bees representing the Barberini family with personifications. In Eastern Orthodox theology , Theosis

4307-476: The past have been represented as deities, especially after death, from India to Indonesia . Jayavarman VII , King of the Khmer Empire (r. 1181–1218) the first Buddhist king of Cambodia, had his own features used for the many statues of Buddha/ Avalokitesvara he erected. The extreme personality cult instituted by the founder of North Korea, Kim Il-Sung , has been said to represent a deification, though

4380-481: The people. A vote in the Roman Senate , in the later Empire confirming an imperial decree, was the normal official process, but this sometimes followed a period with the unofficial use of deific language or imagery for the individual, often done rather discreetly within the imperial circle. There was then a public ceremony, called a consecratio , including the release of an eagle which flew high, representing

4453-554: The putto came to represent the omnipresence of God . A putto representing a cupid is also called an amorino (plural amorini ) or amoretto (plural amoretti ). The more commonly found form putti is the plural of the Italian word putto . The Italian word comes from the Latin word putus , meaning "boy" or "child". Today, in Italian, putto means either toddler winged angel or, rarely, toddler boy. It may have been derived from

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4526-515: The same Indo-European root as the Sanskrit word "putra" (meaning "boy child", as opposed to "son"), Avestan puθra -, Old Persian puça -, Pahlavi (Middle Persian) pus and pusar , all meaning "son", and the New Persian pesar "boy, son". Putti, in the ancient classical world of art, were winged infants that were believed to influence human lives. In Renaissance art , the form of the putto

4599-453: The same is true of Ludwig Minkus 's La Bayadère . Igor Stravinsky composed two ballets, Apollo and Orpheus , which both contain episodes entitled "Apotheose". The concluding tableau of Maurice Ravel 's Ma mère l'Oye is also titled "Apotheose." Czech composer Karel Husa , concerned in 1970 about arms proliferation and environmental deterioration, named his musical response Apotheosis for This Earth . Aram Khachaturian entitled

4672-523: The state is avowedly atheist. Instead of the word "apotheosis", Christian theology uses in English the words "deification" or "divinization" or the Greek word " theosis ". Pre- Reformation and mainstream theology, in both East and West, views Jesus Christ as the preexisting God who undertook mortal existence, not as a mortal being who attained divinity (a view known as adoptionism ). It holds that he has made it possible for human beings to be raised to

4745-531: The subject in the heavens or rising towards them, often accompanied by a number of angels, putti , personifications of virtues, or similar figures. Especially from Baroque art onwards, apotheosis scenes may depict rulers, generals or artists purely as an honorific metaphor; in many cases the "religious" context is classical Greco-Roman pagan religion, as in The Apotheosis of Voltaire , featuring Apollo. The Apotheosis of Washington (1865), high up in

4818-512: The teaching both of St Paul, though he tends to use the language of filial adoption (cf. Rom. 8.9–17; Gal. 4.5–7), and the Fourth Gospel (cf. 17.21–23). The language of II Peter is taken up by St Irenaeus, in his famous phrase, 'if the Word has been made man, it is so that men may be made gods' (Adv. Haer V, Pref.), and becomes the standard in Greek theology. In the fourth century, St. Athanasius repeats Irenaeus almost word for word, and in

4891-557: The teachings of modern Church leaders, starting with Joseph Smith. Distinctively, in Wesleyan Protestantism theosis sometimes implies the doctrine of entire sanctification which teaches, in summary, that it is the Christian's goal, in principle possible to achieve, to live without any (voluntary) sin ( Christian perfection ). Wesleyan theologians detect the influence on Wesley from the Eastern Fathers, who saw

4964-653: The visual arts, several works of classical music use the term in the titles or works or sections. In French Baroque music it was an alternative title to tombeau ("tomb" or "tombstone") for "memorial pieces" for chamber forces to commemorate individuals who were friends or patrons. François Couperin wrote two pieces titled as apotheoses, one for Arcangelo Corelli ( Le Parnasse, ou L'Apothéose de Corelli ), and one for Jean Baptiste Lully ( L'Apothéose de Lully ), whose movements have titles such as Enlévement de Lully au Parnasse ("The raising of Lully to Parnassus"). In Romantic music , apotheosis sections usually contain

5037-417: Was a feature of many religions in the ancient world, and some that are active today. It requires a belief that there is a possibility of newly created gods, so a polytheistic belief system. The major modern religions of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism do not allow for this, though many recognise minor sacred categories such as saints (created by a process called canonization ). In Christian theology there

5110-400: Was also an honour given to a few revered artists of the distant past, notably Homer . Archaic and Classical Greek hero-cults became primarily civic, extended from their familial origins, in the sixth century; by the fifth century none of the worshipers based their authority by tracing descent back to the hero, with the exception of some families who inherited particular priestly cults, such as

5183-731: Was carried in procession among the Olympian gods ; "his example at Aigai became a custom, passing to the Macedonian kings who were later worshipped in Greek Asia , from them to Julius Caesar and so to the emperors of Rome". Such Hellenistic state leaders might be raised to a status equal to the gods before death (e.g., Alexander the Great ) or afterwards (e.g., members of the Ptolemaic dynasty). A heroic cult status similar to apotheosis

5256-592: Was derived in various ways including the Greek Eros or Roman Amor / Cupid , the god of love and companion of Aphrodite or Venus ; the Roman, genius , a type of guardian spirit; or sometimes the Greek, daemon , a type of messenger spirit, being halfway between the realms of the human and the divine. Putti are a classical motif found primarily on child sarcophagi of the 2nd century, where they are depicted fighting, dancing , participating in bacchic rites , playing sports , etc. The putto disappeared during

5329-430: Was practiced in ancient Japan towards their emperors. Followers of Socinianism were later accused of practicing anthropolatry. Anthropologist Ludwig Feuerbach professed a religion to worship all human beings while Auguste Comte venerated only individuals who made positive contributions and excluded those who did not. Putti A putto ( Italian: [ˈputto] ; plural putti [ˈputti] )

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