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35-581: The team is known for originating the "Brooklyn-style" baseball cap , precursor to the modern cap. They also were one of the first baseball clubs to undertake a long-distance tour to compete outside their home region. In 1860 , the Excelsior club made a now-famous tour around New York and large cities in surrounding states. They defeated the Champion Club of Albany, the Victory Club of Troy,

70-464: A zipper , or a tri-glide slide so that it can be quickly adjusted to fit different wearers' heads. The baseball hat is a part of the traditional baseball uniform worn by players, with the brim pointing forward to shield the eyes from the sun. Since the 1980s, varieties of the hat have become prevalent in the United States and many other nations, both for utilitarian (protecting the eyes from

105-629: A cheap, practical piece of uniform headgear. Many armed police units around the world, notably SWAT in the United States and the Metropolitan Police Specialist Firearms Command in the UK, often wear baseball caps to shield their eyes from the sun where a full helmet would be excessive. The Finnish Police uses a baseball cap, which has mostly replaced the traditional side cap . It is marked with

140-416: A fashion accessory, as have team caps, popularized especially by rap and hip-hop musicians. Advances in textiles have led to the "stretch-fit" hat, which uses Lycra or rubber to allow a hat to have a fitted style while still being "adjustable" within sizes. The front may be soft, or may be stiffened by buckram to display a logo more clearly. Another version of the baseball hat is a plastic mesh hat with

175-569: A foam front imprinted with a company logo. This style is sometimes called a trucker hat or a "gimme hat" because it is given away for free as a promotional item. There are 4 major types of baseball hats: In 2014, the MLB began allowing pitchers to wear a special reinforced hat to protect their heads from line drives. Athletes in other sports wear hats with their team's logo and colors as "sideline" hats; both types are also sold as authentic team merchandise in retail stores. Other hats may simply have

210-462: A maker's logo, such as Reebok , Nike or Carhartt ; these hats are often made of brushed cotton . Golfers sometime wear a sports visor form which does not cover the head but keeps the sun out of their eyes; women also traditionally have worn visors casually but a trend in certain youth subcultures sees an increase in feminine use of full hats. Some armed forces use baseball caps as part of their uniforms, usually with combat uniforms . Those of

245-655: A matching fabric-covered button (also called a squatchee) on the crown. Metal grommets or fabric eyelets are often sewn or attached near the top of each of the six sections of fabric to provide ventilation. In some cases, the rear sections of the crown are made of net-like mesh material for extra ventilation. The peak is typically stiffened by a sewn-in piece of paperboard or stiff plastic. Baseball hats are made of many types of material and shaped in various styles for different purposes. Major and minor league baseball players wear classic-style hats made of wool (or more recently, polyester ) with their team's simple logo and colors;

280-584: A more practical alternative to the traditional peaked cap or campaign hat , the latter of which is generally used by Sheriff's departments and state police forces. Baseball caps are more common on the West Coast , whereas in eastern states, the traditional peaked cap is more prominent. A notable exception is the San Francisco Police Department , where peaked caps are still worn regularly. Button (clothing) A button

315-416: A stiff bill projecting in front. The front of the hat typically displays a design or a logo (historically, usually only a sports team, namely a baseball team, or names of relevant companies, when used as a commercial marketing technique). The hat may be "fitted" to the wearer's head or the back may have elastic , a plastic prong-in-a-hole (multiple holes with one prong that can be inserted), Velcro ,

350-427: Is a fastener that joins two pieces of fabric together by slipping through a loop or by sliding through a buttonhole . In modern clothing and fashion design , buttons are commonly made of plastic but also may be made of metal, wood, or seashell . Buttons can also be used on containers such as wallets and bags. Buttons may be sewn onto garments and similar items exclusively for purposes of ornamentation . In

385-741: The Catacomb culture , Russia (2500-1950 BC), at the Tomb of the Eagles , Scotland (2200-1800 BC), and at Bronze Age sites in China (c. 2000–1500 BC) and Ancient Rome . Buttons made from seashell were used by the Indus Valley Civilization for ornamental purposes by 2000 BC. Some buttons were carved into geometric shapes and were pierced so that they could be attached to clothing with thread. Ian McNeil (1990) holds that "the button

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420-932: The Smithsonian Institution . Hammond Turner & Sons, a button-making company in Birmingham , hosts an online museum with an image gallery and historical button-related articles, including an 1852 article on button-making by Charles Dickens . In the US, large button collections are on public display at the Waterbury Button Museum of Waterbury, Connecticut , the Keep Homestead Museum of Monson, Massachusetts , which also hosts an extensive button archive, and in Gurnee, Illinois, at The Button Room. Classic clothing has

455-567: The United States Armed Forces are worn mostly with utility uniforms and coveralls. They sometimes have a command logo on the front to denote command affiliation. Alternatively, the cap may have the wearer's rank on the front, if an officer. Baseball caps of a particular color are worn to denote a specific function of a person or particular job. For example, in the United States submarine force, red baseball caps are worn by drill monitors who facilitate and critique members of

490-1005: The applied visual arts , with buttonmakers using techniques from jewellery making , ceramics , sculpture , painting , printmaking , metalworking , weaving and others. The following are just a few of the construction and decoration techniques that have been used in button-making: The size of the button depends on its use. Shirt buttons are generally small, and spaced close together, whereas coat buttons are larger and spaced further apart. Buttons are commonly measured in lignes (also called lines and abbreviated L ), with 40 lines equal to 1 inch. For example, some standard sizes of buttons are 16 lignes (10.16 mm, standard buttons of men's shirts ) and 32 lignes (20.32 mm, typical button on suit jackets ). Some museums and art galleries hold culturally, historically, politically, and/or artistically significant buttons in their collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum has many buttons, particularly in its jewellery collection , as does

525-480: The applied arts and craft , a button can be an example of folk art , studio craft , or even a miniature work of art . In archaeology , a button can be a significant artifact . Buttons and button-like objects used as ornaments or seals rather than fasteners have been discovered in the Indus Valley civilization during its Kot Diji phase (c. 2800–2600 BC). Buttons as apparel have been found at sites of

560-406: The "bill" or "brim", was designed to protect a player's eyes from the sun. Typically, the peak was much shorter in the earlier days of the baseball hat. Also, the hat has become more structured, versus the overall "floppy" cap of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The baseball cap was and still is an important means by which to identify a team. Often the logo, mascot , or team's initial was placed on

595-531: The Atlantics were the accepted champions. During the 1860 season, the Excelsiors began wearing an ancestor of the modern, snug-fitting baseball cap , including a long visor and button top. The cap, which became popular by the 1900s, was known as "Brooklyn-style", and was the predominant baseball cap until the 1940s. Baseball cap A baseball cap is a type of soft hat with a rounded crown and

630-529: The BDUs have their own cover, a patrol cap in M81 Woodland , some squadrons have opted for more distinctive covers. There has been a marked trend in recent years among police forces and other uniformed bodies throughout the world to substitute inexpensive and comfortable baseball caps for peaked caps and other traditional headdresses. The baseball cap is also commonly used by private security companies as

665-692: The Buffalo Niagaras, and the powerful Brooklyn Atlantics . Besides establishing the tradition of ball clubs traveling long distances to compete with other clubs, the tour helped advance the game's popularity outside the New York region. In 1860 the Excelsiors compiled a record of 19 wins and two losses, and were champions of the National Association , finishing in a draw with the Brooklyn Atlantics Club. However,

700-529: The Northamptonshire, Cheshire and Lancashire police forces adopted specially strengthened baseball caps known as " Bump Caps ", to replace the helmets and bowler hats previously worn. However, the Northamptonshire force announced in November 2018 that their "Bump Caps" had proven scruffy and unpopular, and would be withdrawn from use. In many United States police forces, the baseball cap is worn as

735-482: The US government made an extensive survey of the international button market, which listed buttons made of vegetable ivory , metal , glass , galalith , silk , linen , cotton-covered crochet , lead , snap fasteners , enamel , rubber , buckhorn , wood , horn , bone , leather , paper , pressed cardboard , mother-of-pearl , celluloid , porcelain , composition , tin , zinc , xylonite , stone , cloth-covered wooden forms, and papier-mâché . Vegetable ivory

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770-667: The boat's crew during drills. In the United States Army , parachute riggers wear red baseball caps and parachute instructors wear black baseball caps as part of their uniform. In various squadrons of the United States Air Force 's civilian auxiliary , squadron-distinctive baseball caps have been issued as headgear (or "cover") for the Battle Dress Uniform , typically displaying squadron colors, squadron number, and/or squadron patch. Although

805-426: The button on the left side for women and on the right side for men. The reasons for this are unclear, but the choice for men's clothing is usually attributed to the need to draw weapons from the left to right; the weapon would then not catch on opening of the clothing. For women's clothing the common reason given is that in times when upper-class women's clothing was quite elaborate, servants were needed for dressing, and

840-673: The cap became popular, which would morph into the modern six-paneled round cap; five teams revived the pillbox form in 1976 in celebration of the US Bicentennial. Team monograms first appeared in 1894 when the Boston Baseball Club (the Boston Braves ) — now the Atlanta Braves — became the first team to wear letterforms when they added a monogram-style device to their caps, followed by three more teams in

875-497: The cap. Usually, the cap was also fashioned in the official colors of a particular team. Since 1993, the New Era Cap Company of Buffalo, N.Y. has been the exclusive baseball cap supplier for Major League Baseball. The basic shape, including curved peak, is similar to some styles of 19th-century sunbonnets. Fitted baseball hats — those without an adjuster — are normally sewn in six sections, and may be topped with

910-521: The first buttonholes, with the legionary's loculus closed through the insertion of a metallic buckle, or button into a leather slit. A similar mechanism would later feature in early medieval footwear. Buttons appeared as a means to close cuffs in the Byzantine Empire and to fasten the necks of Egyptian tunics by no later than the 5th century. Since at least the seventeenth century, when box-like metal buttons were constructed especially for

945-539: The history of the material composition of buttons reflects the timeline of materials technology . Buttons can be individually crafted by artisans , craftspeople or artists from raw materials or found objects (for example fossils ), or a combination of both. Alternatively, they can be the product of low-tech cottage industry or be mass-produced in high-tech factories . Buttons made by artists are art objects , known to button collectors as "studio buttons" (or simply "studios", from studio craft ). In 1918,

980-1154: The left placement of the buttons was more convenient for right-handed maids. Some Jews reverse this , following statements in the Torah that favor dressing first on the right side, or from the Kabbalah, in which the right side denotes goodness. The mainly American tradition of politically significant clothing buttons appears to have begun with the first presidential inauguration of George Washington in 1789. Known to collectors as "Washington Inaugurals", they were made of copper , brass or Sheffield plate , in large sizes for coats and smaller sizes for breeches. Made in twenty-two patterns and hand-stamped, they are now extremely valuable cultural artifacts . Between about 1840 and 1916, clothing buttons were used in American political campaigns , and still exist in collections today. Initially, these buttons were predominantly made of brass (though horn and rubber buttons with stamped or moulded designs also exist) and had loop shanks. Around 1860

1015-412: The logo is usually embroidered into the fabric. More recently there are brands that are using uncommon materials for snapback hats as for example wood brims. Formerly, baseball hats only came in standard hat sizes. Since the early 1970s, they have also been available in a one-size-fits-all form, with an adjustment strap in the back. The style, commonly called snapback, has become increasingly popular as

1050-417: The next season. The Detroit Tigers of 1901 were the first major league team to have a mascot — a red tiger on a dark background — on their ballcap. It was replaced by the letter "D" in 1903, and their iconic blackletter letterform appeared a year later. During the 1940s, latex rubber became the stiffening material inside the hat and the modern baseball cap was born. The peak, also known in certain areas as

1085-528: The police emblem and "Police" in Finnish and Swedish. In Slovenia , policemen on motorcycles wear baseball caps as a part of their uniform, when they remove the helmet. Turkish police switched from peaked caps to baseball caps in the 1990s. In the United Kingdom, the baseball cap has the additional advantage of being unisex and suitable for wear by both male and female officers. Throughout 2017,

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1120-578: The purpose, buttons have been one of the items in which drug smugglers have attempted to hide and transport illegal substances. At least one modern smuggler has tried to use this method. Also making use of the storage possibilities of metal buttons, during the World Wars , British and U.S. military locket buttons were made, containing miniature working compasses . Because buttons have been manufactured from almost every possible material, both natural and synthetic , and combinations of both,

1155-470: The sun) and fashion accessory purposes. In 1860, the Brooklyn Excelsiors wore the ancestor of the modern rounded-top baseball cap, which featured a long peak and a button on top, and by 1900, the "Brooklyn-style" cap became popular. The merino cap topped with a star-like pattern was made by the New York sporting goods company Peck & Snyder . In the late 1880s, a pillbox version of

1190-466: Was originally used more as an ornament than as a fastening, the earliest known being found at Mohenjo-daro in the Indus Valley . It is made of a curved shell and is about 5000 years old." Egypt's Eighteenth Dynasty left behind ornate wig covers, fabricated through sewing buttons formed of precious metals onto strips of backing material. Leatherwork from the Roman Empire incorporates some of

1225-502: Was said to be the most popular for suits and shirts, and papier-mâché far and away the commonest sort of shoe button. Nowadays, hard plastic, seashell, metals, and wood are the most common materials used in button-making; the others tending to be used only in premium or antique apparel, or found in collections . Over 60% of the world's button supply comes from Qiaotou, Yongjia County , China . Historically, fashions in buttons have also reflected trends in applied aesthetics and

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