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102-599: These rocks are found in northwest England as far north as Carlisle (and extending just into Scotland around Annan and Gretna ) and in the Vale of Eden and then extending down the Cumbrian coast into Lancashire and Cheshire . They are mostly obscured by superficial deposits but the highest coastal cliffs in northwest England at St Bees Head are formed in the St Bees Sandstone, the lowermost formation within

204-673: A 2004 grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund , a museum dedicated to the Kidderminster carpet industry was officially opened by Lord Cobham in 2012. Kidderminster Town is a civil parish within Wyre Forest District , with Kidderminster Town Council created in the early 21st century to take on the duties of a parish council , following a referendum in May 2015. Prior to this, Charter Trustees maintained

306-554: A large rural area with many villages and towns including Dalston , Brampton , Longtown , Wetheral , Bewcastle and Scotby . Cumberland Council , the local authority for Cumberland , is a unitary authority , having the powers of a non-metropolitan county and district council combined. It operated as a shadow authority until taking up its powers on 1 April 2023. Cumberland Council replaced Cumbria County Council, Allerdale Borough Council , Carlisle City Council and Copeland Borough Council . The first election to Cumberland Council

408-662: A monastery or minstre in the area. The earliest written form of the name Kidderminster was first documented in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it appears as Chideminstre , meaning 'Cydda or Cydela's minster or monastery'. It was a large manor held by William the Conqueror , with 16 outlying settlements (Bristitune, Fastochesfeld, Franche, Habberley, Hurcott, Mitton, Oldington, Ribbesford, Sudwale, Sutton, Teulesberge, Trimpley, Wannerton and Wribbenhall). Various spellings were in use – Kedeleministre or Kideministre (in

510-468: A new Town Council , following a public referendum. The River Stour and the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal both flow through Kidderminster town centre. The modern carpet industry was founded in the area in 1785 by Brintons . The carpet industry became extremely important to the local economy, so much so that the local newspaper is still named The Shuttle after the shuttles used on

612-466: A single civil parish of Carlisle in 1904. The civil parish was abolished on 1 April 1974, although parts of the urban fringe are in the parishes of Stanwix Rural , Kingmoor and St Cuthbert Without . Carlisle unsuccessfully applied to become a Lord Mayoralty in 2002. Carlisle City Council had its headquarters at the 1960s Civic Centre in Rickergate, the tallest building in the city. At the time of

714-642: A state-funded free school in 2014. Kidderminster College is located in Market Street in the town centre, having moved from older premises in Hoo Road in 2003. Other local secondary schools include The Stourport High School & VIth Form Centre and The Bewdley School . Kidderminster CC is a local cricket club at whose home ground of Chester Road North Ground Worcestershire County Cricket Club play occasional County Championship and county 2nd XI games. Formed in 1886, Kidderminster Harriers F.C.

816-521: A women's team and a junior team. Located in Kidderminster is the Severn Valley Railway a heritage railway . The Museum of Carpet , opened in 2012, showcases the town's contribution to the carpet industry. Brinton Park is an urban park to the south of the town centre, comprising 30 acres (12 ha) of land donated by John Brinton in the 1880s. Another green space is Wilden Marsh , a nature reserve covering 94 acres (38 ha) to

918-536: Is a cathedral city in the ceremonial county of Cumbria in England. It is the administrative centre of Cumberland Council which covers an area similar to the historic county of Cumberland . Carlisle's early history is marked by the establishment of a human settlement to serve castles along Hadrian's Wall in Britain . Due to its proximity to Scotland (being located eight miles or thirteen kilometres south of

1020-559: Is a grade I listed building dating mostly from the 15th and 16th centuries. Another notable church is St John's Church , which is grade II listed, and dates from 1843. Other listed buildings of note in the town include the Town Hall of 1877. The Shrubbery , a 19th-century mansion, and the Kidderminster Register Office . Many of Kidderminster's historic buildings were lost from the 1960s onwards, this led to

1122-514: Is a local rugby union club, currently playing at level 7 in Counties 1 Midlands West (North) at First XV Level and Counties 4 Midlands West (South) at 2nd XV level. Regularly putting out three senior teams including veterans, the club also has a thriving Colts (U18s) age group, a developing women's team since 2021, and a large minis and juniors section. Kidderminster Hockey club was founded in 1892 and in 2010 there were five men's hockey teams,

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1224-542: Is a single surviving tower of Caldwall (or Caldwell) Castle, a fortified manor house. Kidderminster owes its growth to the early development of the cloth industry, which was aided by its position upon the River Stour, and its location at the confluence of four main roads to Birmingham , Dudley , Worcester , Bewdley and Bridgnorth . In a visit to the town sometime around 1540, King's Antiquary John Leland noted that Kidderminster "standeth most by clothing". Over

1326-816: Is of Induan/Olenekian age. Also encountered as the Hopwas or Moira Breccia. The Lenton Sandstone Formation (named from the Nottingham suburb of Lenton ) is of Induan/Olenekian age. The Stafford Basin includes the Kibbleston Formation (named from the Staffordshire locality of Kibbleston) which is underlain by the Wildmoor Formation which is in turn underlain by the Kidderminster Formation. The rock succession in

1428-534: Is often divided into an upper Frodsham Member and a lower Delamere Member . Faulted blocks of these rocks are largely responsible for the prominent west facing escarpment of the Mid Cheshire Ridge and the Helsby Sandstone is exposed in numerous localities here, southwards from Runcorn through Frodsham to Utkinton , spectacularly at the outlier of Beeston Castle hill and lastly within

1530-451: Is operational and used by railfreight companies. The Strand Road drill hall opened in 1874. At the start of the 20th century, the population had grown to over 45,000. Transport was improved by the City of Carlisle Electric Tramways from 1900 until 1931, and the first cinema was built in 1906. In 1912, the boundaries of Carlisle were extended to include Botcherby in the east and Stanwix in

1632-599: Is the town's professional football club. Local rivals of the Harriers were traditionally Worcester City and Bromsgrove Rovers , and in recent years also Cheltenham Town and Hereford United . As of 2023 Cheltenham are in League One , two divisions above Kidderminster, with Hereford being the division below Kidderminster. In 2005 the Harriers were relegated to the Conference Premier after five years in

1734-553: The Ala Gallorum Petriana , the sole regiment of this size along the wall. Hadrian's successor Antoninus Pius abandoned the frontier and attempted to move further north; he built the Antonine Wall between the firths of Forth and Clyde . It was not a success and, after 20 years, the garrisons returned to Hadrian's Wall. At one time, Carlisle broke off from Rome when Marcus Carausius assumed power over

1836-470: The 2001 United Kingdom general election , the town returned Dr Richard Taylor as an independent MP for the Wyre Forest parliamentary constituency. Taylor had fought the election to protest against the proposed reduction in services at Kidderminster Hospital . He held his seat at the 2005 election , the first independent MP to do so since 1949. Mark Garnier has held the seat of Wyre Forest since

1938-674: The 2001 census , the population of Carlisle was 71,773, with 100,734 living in the district. In the 2011 census, the city's population had risen to 75,306, with 107,524 in the district. On 1 April 2023 the City of Carlisle local government district was abolished, and the boundaries of the City of Carlisle were redefined to cover the following wards: Belah and Kingmoor, Botcherby and Harraby North, Cathedral and Castle, Currock and Upperby, Denton Holme and Morton South, Harraby South and Parklands, Newtown and Morton North, Sandsfield and Morton West and Stanwix and Houghton. Charter trustees were formed from

2040-703: The 2010 election increasing his majority each time. At the 2011 census there were 55,530 residents in Kidderminster in 24,869 households, the median age of Kidderminster residents was 41. Kidderminster's population at the 2011 census was predominantly White (96.8%). The largest non-white groups were Asian at 1.7%, and mixed race at 1.2%. 67% of Kidderminster residents identified as Christian , with 24.7% stating they had no religion , and 6.6% not stating any religion. The largest non-Christian group were Muslims at 0.8%, followed by Buddhists at 0.2% and Hindus and Sikhs at 0.1% each, with others at 0.4%. Kidderminster's parish church of St Mary and All Saints'

2142-626: The Anglian kingdom of Northumbria . In 685, St Cuthbert , visiting the Queen of Northumbria in her sister's monastery at Carlisle, was taken to see the city walls and a marvellously constructed Roman fountain. By the time of the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, Carlisle was in the possession of the Scots. It was not recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book . This changed in 1092, when William

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2244-586: The Archbishop of Glasgow Gavin Dunbar cursed all the reivers of the borderlands. The curse was detailed in 1,069 words, beginning: "I curse their head and all the hairs of their head; I curse their face, their brain (innermost thoughts), their mouth, their nose, their tongue, their teeth, their forehead, their shoulders, their breast, their heart, their stomach, their back, their womb, their arms, their leggs, their hands, their feet and every part of their body, from

2346-678: The Cheshire Basin , which also extends into north Shropshire. It comprises the following formations: The Helsby Sandstone Formation (named from the Cheshire village of Helsby where the type section is exposed at Helsby Hill ) comprises around 250m thickness of sandstone with conglomerate and siltstone which occurs across the Cheshire Basin. Older literature includes it as part of the Lower Keuper Sandstone. It

2448-594: The Football League Two division. They had reached the Football League as Conference champions in 2000, and are Worcestershire's only representative in the league. They had won the title in 1994 but were denied promotion then as their stadium did not meet Football League capacity requirements. That same year they eliminated Birmingham City from the FA Cup ; they eventually reached the fifth round of

2550-571: The Guildhall and Tithe Barn . The Citadel towers , which until 2016 also served as offices for Cumbria County Council, were designed by Thomas Telford , with the eastern tower incorporating part of the 16th-century building. The first Citadel building was a Tudor fortification replacing the medieval Englishgate, designed by the Moravian military engineer Stefan von Haschenperg in 1541. Next to

2652-521: The Husmerae , an Anglo-Saxon tribe first mentioned in the Ismere Diploma , a document in which Ethelbald of Mercia granted a "parcel of land of ten hides" to Cyneberht. This developed as the settlement of Stour-in-Usmere, which was later the subject of a territorial dispute settled by Offa of Mercia in 781, when he restored certain rights to Bishop Heathored . This allowed for the founding of

2754-701: The Kidderminster Standard . Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC West Midlands and ITV Central . Television signals are received from the Sutton Coldfield and local relay transmitters. The Wyre was the town's first local commercial radio station; it began broadcasting on 12 September 2005 from studios in Kidderminster. Other radio stations providing local coverage are Hits Radio Herefordshire & Worcestershire , Sunshine Radio and BBC Hereford & Worcester . The Wyre ceased broadcasting in 2012, and Signal 107

2856-635: The Peckforton Hills . The Wilmslow Sandstone Formation (named from the town of Wilmslow in Cheshire) comprises up to 900m thickness of early Triassic sandstones with occasional siltstones. It was earlier known as the Upper Mottled Sandstone. In Wirral , the 60m thick Thurstaston Sandstone Member and the 2m thick Thurstaston Hard Sandstone Bed are distinguished at the top of the sequence. The Chester Formation (named from

2958-448: The cathedral's nave to obtain the stone to rebuild the castle. Carlisle continued to remain a barracks thereafter. In 1698 travel writer Celia Fiennes wrote of Carlisle as having most of the trappings of a military town and that it was rife with alcohol and prostitutes. In 1707 an act of union was passed between England and Scotland, creating Great Britain , but Carlisle remained a garrison town. The tenth, and most recent siege in

3060-627: The following election in 2023 the Conservatives regained majority control after a collapse in the independent and former Health Concern vote, one of only two council gains nationally. The area (initially as Kidderminster , then after 1983 as the Wyre Forest constituency ) has been represented by Conservative Members of Parliament (MPs) Gerald Nabarro 1950–1964, Tatton Brinton 1964–1974, Esmond Bulmer 1974–1987, Anthony Coombs 1987–1997, and Labour MP David Lock 1997–2001. In

3162-638: The 'Great Border City', Carlisle today is a main cultural, commercial and industrial centre within the British borders. The ancient history of Carlisle is derived mainly from archaeological evidence and the works of the Roman historian Tacitus . The earliest recorded inhabitants in the area were the Carvetii tribe of Britons who made up the main population of ancient Cumbria and North Lancashire . According to Boethius and John of Fordun , writing in

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3264-469: The 12th and 13th centuries), Kyderemunstre (13th–15th centuries) – until the name of the town was settled as Kidderminster by the 16th century. Between 1156 and 1162 Henry II granted the manor to his steward, Manasser Biset . By six decades later, the settlement grew and a fair (1228) and later a market (1240) were established there. To the south by the River Stour , dating from the 15th century,

3366-591: The 18th and 19th centuries, Carlisle existed before the arrival of the Romans in Britain and was one of the strongest British towns at the time. In the time of the emperor Nero , it was said to have burned down. The Roman settlement was named Luguvalium , based on a native name that has been reconstructed as Brittonic * Luguwaljon , "[city] of Luguwalos", a masculine Celtic given name meaning "strength of Lugus ". Excavations undertaken along Annetwell Street in

3468-522: The 1970s dated the Roman timber fort constructed at the site of present Carlisle Castle to the winter of AD 73. It protected a strategic location on the Roman road to the north and overlooking the confluence of the Caldew and Eden rivers. The fort at Carlisle was reconstructed in 83 using oak timbers from further afield, rather than local alder as a possible result of the increased Roman control of

3570-547: The 1970s, but still continues on a reduced scale. Poor trade conditions in 1828, when 2,000 looms were not working for an 18-week period, led to riots where £3,000 of damage was done during one night. The town's local government was reformed by the Municipal Reform Act 1835 , which incorporated Kidderminster as a municipal borough . This superseded the charter of 1636, and divided the borough into three wards represented by six aldermen and eighteen councillors,

3672-506: The 2021 census , it had a population of 57,400. The town is twinned with Husum, Germany . Situated in the far north of Worcestershire (and with its northern suburbs only 3 and 4 miles from the Staffordshire and Shropshire borders respectively), the town is the main administration centre for the wider Wyre Forest District , which includes the towns of Stourport-on-Severn and Bewdley , along with other outlying settlements. The land around Kidderminster may have been first populated by

3774-493: The 2021–2022 season led to the Harriers facing Premier League side West Ham in, as they had done in 1994. The affair ended in a 1–2 defeat, yet the game led to major economic benefit for the club, with TV money and ticket sales generating large amounts of income. Harriers further went into the Play-Offs that same season, but were eliminated in their first game to Boston United . In the 2022–2023 season, Kidderminster again reached

3876-619: The A456 at the Land Oak; and the A448 road which starts in the town and goes to Studley in Warwickshire , via Bromsgrove and Redditch . A major change in the town centre road infrastructure was the construction of the ring road in the 1970s and 1980s. This relieved the town's growing congestion but diverted traffic outside the centre, drawing off customers for businesses. The final phase of

3978-974: The Calder Sandstone Formation in the Carlisle and Vale of Eden basins of north and east Cumbria. A sandstone which underlies Sellafield and Drigg is known as the Sellafield Member and is assigned to the Helsby Sandstone Formation. The group is represented in Somerset and east Devon by the Otterton Sandstone and the underlying Budleigh Salterton Pebble Beds formations,. Carlisle, Cumbria Carlisle ( / k ɑːr ˈ l aɪ l / kar- LYLE , locally / ˈ k ɑːr l aɪ l / KAR -lyle ; from Cumbric : Caer Luel )

4080-546: The Carlisle Board of Control, and subsequently the Carlisle & District State Management Scheme , it lasted until 1971. During the Second World War, Carlisle hosted over 5,000 evacuees, many of whom arrived from Newcastle upon Tyne and the surrounding towns. A shopping centre (including a new central library) was built to the east and north-east of the market cross and opened in 1986. The area east of

4182-514: The Citadel is Carlisle railway station , designed by William Tite in the neo-Tudor style, considered by Historic England to be among the most important early railway stations in England. Carlisle has held city status since the Middle Ages and a borough constituency or parliamentary borough for centuries, at one time returning two MPs. In 1835 it became a municipal borough which

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4284-528: The Conqueror 's son William Rufus invaded the region and incorporated Carlisle into England. The construction of Carlisle Castle began in 1093 on the site of the Roman fort, south of the River Eden . The castle was rebuilt in stone in 1112, with a keep and the city walls . The walls enclosed the city south of the castle and included three gates to the east, south, and north called the Irish or Caldew Gate,

4386-603: The Cumbrian coast the Group comprises the Calder Sandstone Formation and the underlying St Bees Sandstone Formation. The former is around 500m thick and includes sandstones of both aeolian and fluviatile origin. The latter is between 400 and 600m thick and includes some siltstone and claystone beds. It overlies the varied lithologies of the Permian age Cumbrian Coastal Group . The Kirklinton Sandstone Formation in places overlies

4488-635: The Durranhill Industrial Estate. Adjoining Harraby to the south but outside the former borough boundary is the hamlet of Carleton . Carlisle is linked to the rest of England via the M6 motorway to the south, and to Scotland via the M74/A74 towards Glasgow and the north. Many trunk roads begin or terminate in Carlisle, including the A6 to Penrith and Luton (historically the main road to

4590-814: The England/Wales border west of Chester) is a sequence which ranges from 0m to over 150m thickness of largely aeolian sandstones of early Triassic age. It was formerly known as the Lower Mottled Sandstone. Once known locally as the Bromsgrove Sandstone Formation (from the town of Bromsgrove in Worcestershire), the Helsby Sandstone Formation is early Triassic to Anisian in age and comprises variously coloured sandstones whose bases are frequently conglomeratic, together with mudstones and siltstones. The thickness of

4692-573: The English or Botcher Gate, and the Scotch or Ricker Gate respectively. The names of the gates exist in road names in Carlisle today. Carlisle Cathedral was founded as an Augustinian priory and became a cathedral in 1133. In 1157, Carlisle became the seat of the new county of Carliol (a name that was originally an abbreviation of Latin Carlioliensis , meaning "[Bishop] of Carlisle"); in 1177

4794-420: The Huguenots established themselves at Worcester, Evesham , Droitwich and Kidderminster. In the early 18th century, carpet weaving was introduced to Kidderminster, and this rapidly became the staple trade of the town. Its growth was aided by the opening of the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal in 1771, and later the arrival of the railway to the town in 1852. The carpet industry went into decline in

4896-402: The Needwood Basin includes the Hollington Formation (named from the Staffordshire locality of Hollington ) which is underlain by the Hawksmoor Formation (named from the Staffordshire locality of Hawksmoor) which includes the Hulme Member , a conglomerate and which is in turn underlain by the Huntley Formation (named from the Staffordshire locality of Huntley ). They are all of Scythian age. On

4998-399: The Play-Offs, achieving the feat on the last game of the season after an excellent late run of league form. Harriers beat Alfreton , Kings Lynn and finally Brackley in the Play-Offs and regained promotion to the National League . The Kidderminster & District League has operated since 1984 and draws teams from Worcestershire and South Staffordshire . Kidderminster Carolians RFC

5100-437: The Sands Centre (and the nearby Shell petrol station and Bitts Park), marooned from the rest of the city. As several other areas of Cumbria were also badly affected (particularly Appleby and Wigton), all trains to Scotland were postponed indefinitely, with trains on the West Coast Mainline going no further than Preston, as nearby Lancaster suffered flooding and problems with electricity supply. Prime Minister David Cameron visited

5202-434: The Worcestershire town of Kidderminster ) is a 0 - 200m thick sequence of conglomerates and sandstones previously known as either the Bunter Pebble Beds or the Kidderminster Conglomerate Formation. Formerly known locally as the Polesworth Formation (from the Warwickshire village of Polesworth ), the Chester Formation here is of ?Olenekian to Anisian age. The Moira Formation (named from the Leicestershire village of Moira )

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5304-411: The architectural interest in a town otherwise uncommonly lacking in visual pleasures." Two railway stations in the town share the same approach road and are located less than fifty metres apart. The main National Rail station, operated by West Midlands Trains , is Kidderminster , from where trains run to Birmingham , Worcester and London. The other station, Kidderminster Town , is the terminus of

5406-425: The area. At this time the Roman fort was garrisoned by a 500-strong cavalry regiment, the Ala Gallorum Sebosiana . By the early 2nd century, Carlisle was established as a prominent stronghold. The 'Stanegate' frontier, which consisted of Luguvalium and several other forts in a line east to Corbridge , was proving a more stable frontier against the Picts than those established deeper into Caledonia . In 122,

5508-516: The carpet looms . A type of carpet was known as Kidderminster carpet or, in the United States, Ingrain carpet : this was a reversible carpet with no pile, with the pattern showing in opposite colours on the two faces, and was popular from the 18th to early 20th centuries. By 1951 there were over thirty carpet manufacturers in the town, including, for example, Quayle & Tranter (now defunct). They commissioned such notable artists as George Bain to create their traditional Celtic designs. Aided by

5610-401: The castle was garrisoned for the king. It endured a long siege from October 1644 until June 1645 when the Royalist forces surrendered after the Battle of Naseby . The city was occupied by a parliamentary garrison, and subsequently by their Scots allies. In 1646, the Scots, now holding Carlisle pending payment of monies owed them by the English Parliament, improved its fortifications, destroying

5712-444: The city of Chester ) comprises sandstones with some conglomerates and siltstones of early Triassic age. It ranges from less than 90m to over 220m in thickness. It has been known in the past as the Bunter Pebble Beds and the Chester Pebble Beds Formation. There are a couple of reference sections for this sequence in the vicinity of Chester. The Kinnerton Sandstone Formation (named from the twin villages of Higher and Lower Kinnerton on

5814-458: The city on 7 December 2015 to assess the damage, having earlier called an emergency Cobra meeting. In the north of Carlisle are the suburbs of Kingstown, Lowry Hill and Moorville, formerly part of the parish of Kingmoor. To the south of them are Stanwix , Edentown, Etterby, St Ann's Hill and Belah which were added to Carlisle in 1912. The parish of Stanwix Rural exists but only includes a small part of Carlisle's urban area, Whiteclosegate . To

5916-402: The city's history took place after Charles Edward Stuart took Carlisle in the Jacobite Rising of 1745 . When the Jacobites retreated across the border to Scotland they left a garrison of 400 men in Carlisle Castle. Ten days later Prince William, Duke of Cumberland took the castle and executed 31 Jacobites on the streets of Carlisle. Although Carlisle continued to garrison soldiers, becoming

6018-415: The city's modern Welsh name Caerliwelydd . Rheged came under Northumbrian control before 730, probably by inheritance after Rienmelth, daughter of Royth and great-granddaughter of Urien, married Oswy , King of Northumbria . For the rest of the first millennium, Carlisle was an important stronghold contested by several entities who warred over the area, including the Brythonic Kingdom of Strathclyde and

6120-417: The coast of East Devon . There are further occurrences in Northern Ireland north and east of Limavady , east of Cookstown , between Dungannon and Armagh and along the Lagan Valley beneath Belfast and Newtownards and on the Antrim coast. The Group comprises different sequences in each of the various basins in which it is developed as described below. The sequence is most thickly developed in

6222-462: The competition (just missing the quarter-finals), where they hosted Premier League side West Ham United , narrowly losing 0–1. Prior to Lincoln City's run in the competition in 2017, Harriers were the last non-league side to reach round five of the FA Cup. Harriers were relegated to the National League North in 2016. In recent years, Kidderminster have seen some success under manager and former Harriers player Russell Penn . A strong FA Cup run in

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6324-460: The councillors that cover the said areas. They act as appropriate bodies in which historic rights and privileges of Carlisle, including the mayoralty will continue until a governance review will determine the need of a city council . The current member of Parliament is Julie Minns , representing the Labour Party . Carlisle used to be within the North West England constituency of the European Parliament . Carlisle elected 18 county councillors to

6426-459: The county was renamed Cumberland . The conquest of Cumberland was the beginning of a war between Scotland and England which saw the region centred around Carlisle change hands a number of times. It was a major stronghold after the construction of the castle. During the wars, the livelihood of the people on the borders was devastated by armies from both sides. Even when the countries were not at war, tension remained high, and royal authority in one or

6528-442: The creation of the Kidderminster Civic Society in 1993 to promote preservation of the town's heritage. There are some former factory buildings of note in Kidderminster, which have mostly been converted to other uses. A notable one is the former Slingfield Mill, dating from 1864 to 1870, which is grade II listed, and has been converted for retail use. In the 1968 Buildings of England volume on Worcestershire, Pevsner described

6630-403: The current Anglo-Scottish border ), Carlisle Castle and the city became an important military stronghold in the Middle Ages . The castle served as a prison for Mary, Queen of Scots in 1568 and currently hosts the Duke of Lancaster's Regiment and the Border Regiment Museum. In the early 12th century, a priory was built and gained cathedral status with a diocese in 1133 ( city status at

6732-403: The end of the 19th century when mass housing was built west of the city walls. In 1823 a canal was built to Fisher's Cross ( Port Carlisle ) to transport goods produced in the city. This enabled other industrial centres such as Liverpool to link with Carlisle via the Solway . This was short-lived and when the canal operators ran into financial difficulty the waterway was filled in. A railway

6834-418: The following centuries the town specialised in textile trades such as weaving, fulling, cloth working and milling, and was also home to numerous other trades including shoemaking, haberdashery, saddle making, dyers, tailors, tanners and glovers. King Charles I granted the Borough of Kidderminster a Charter in 1636. the original charter can be viewed at Kidderminster Town Hall. Kidderminster's position at

6936-507: The formation is variable but reaches around 500m in the Worcester area. It is often encountered in older literature as the Lower Keuper Sandstone. The formation includes the Shepshed Sandstone Member. The Wildmoor Sandstone Formation (named from the Worcestershire locality of Wildmoor, north of Bromsgrove) is a 0 - 284m thick sequence of sandstones formerly known as the Upper Mottled Sandstone or Wildmoor Beds. It also includes some mudstones and siltstones. The Kidderminster Formation (named from

7038-403: The former Cumbria County Council. Its headquarters were located at Cumbria House on Botchergate. Until April 2023 Carlisle was governed by a district council , Carlisle City Council and a County Council, Cumbria County Council. After the 2019 elections the Conservative Party ran a minority administration on the district council with the support of the Independents. The district council covered

7140-468: The group. In the northeast they extend from Hartlepool south through the Vale of Mowbray and the Vale of York , then south through Nottinghamshire into the English Midlands, though are very largely concealed by superficial sediments. They occur widely through the Midlands (though usually concealed) and notably in an outlier at Leek, Staffordshire . They extend south to the Severn Estuary and beyond there through Somerset to Budleigh Salterton on

7242-540: The headquarters of the Border Regiment , the city's importance as a military town decreased as the industrial age took over. The post of Governor of Carlisle as garrison commander was abolished in 1838. In the early 19th century textile mills, engineering works and food manufacturers built factories in the city mostly in the Denton Holme , Caldewgate and Wapping suburbs in the Caldew Valley. These included Carr's of Carlisle , Kangol , Metal Box and Cowans Sheldon. Shaddon Mill , in Denton Holme, became famous for having

7344-694: The immediate south of Stanwix is the River Eden. On the opposite bank is the city centre bounded on the west by the West Coast Main Railway line and the River Caldew. In the past industry flourished on the banks of the River Caldew, especially Denton Holme and Caldewgate on the west bank and Wapping, around the former Metal Box works, on the east. West of Caldewgate and north of Denton Holme the suburbs of Newtown, Morton, Sandsfield Park, Longsowerby, Raffles and Belle Vue developed in

7446-593: The junction of several main roads made it a place of strategic importance during the English Civil War , with several skirmishes taking place in and around the town. In 1670–1 Kidderminster's cloth industry obtained a guild by act of parliament and by 1677, the town had as many as 459 weavers and perhaps 3,000 spinners. Following King Louis XIV 's revocation of the Edict of Nantes in October 1685 and

7548-566: The kingdom took its name from a major stronghold within it; this has been suggested to have been broadly coterminous with the Civitas Carvetiorum , Carlisle. King Urien and his son and successor Owain became the subjects of a great deal of Arthurian legend . Their capital has been identified as the Cair Ligualid listed by Nennius among the 28 cities of Britain, which later developed into Caer -luel , whence

7650-720: The late 19th and 20th centuries. The eastern side of the city centre developed in the 19th century into a more affluent area along the main A69 road . It links with the former village of Botcherby to which a large council estate was added in the mid-20th century and later still Durranhill Housing Estate. South of the city centre is the Botchergate/St Nicholas area of late Victorian terraced housing similar to that found in Denton Holme and Caldewgate. The Botchergate East area until recently had older slum dwellings. To

7752-537: The latter as far as Morecambe . At the time of the flood, emergency services also had to respond to cases of car-related arson in the city. Carlisle is the only city in Cumbria. The city centre is largely pedestrianised and the Lanes shopping centre is home to around 75 shops. Carlisle has a compact historic centre with a castle , cathedral and semi-intact city walls , as well as other medieval buildings including

7854-609: The market cross had formerly been occupied by narrow alleyways of housing and small shops (on a layout which had not changed much since medieval times) and referred to locally as The Lanes . Carlisle city centre was pedestrianised in 1989. On the evening of Friday, 7 January 2005, the rivers Eden, Caldew and Petteril burst their banks due to as much as 180 mm rainfall upstream that day. 2,700 homes were flooded and three people died. The city's police and fire stations were flooded along with Brunton Park football stadium. The police, fire service and Carlisle United F.C. were mobilised,

7956-560: The north end the castle towers were converted to artillery platforms, at the south the medieval Bochard gate was converted into the Citadel , an artillery fortification with two massive artillery towers. The death of Queen Elizabeth I in 1603 and her succession by James VI of Scotland as King James I of England allowed more determined and coordinated efforts to suppress reiving. The borderers were not quick to change their ways and many were hanged and whole families were exiled to Ireland. It

8058-473: The north. Carlisle was subject to the decline in the textile industry experienced throughout Britain as new machinery made labour unnecessary. In 1916, during the First World War , the government took over the public houses and breweries in Carlisle because of drunkenness among construction and munitions workers from the munitions factory at Gretna . This experiment nationalised brewing. As

8160-498: The number of wards was doubled in the 1880s. The current Town Hall on Vicar Street was built in 1877. Kidderminster has two Commissioners' churches . The first was St George's Church , on Radford Avenue. This was designed by Francis Goodwin and built in 1821–1824, finally being consecrated in April 1824. Its grant of just over £17,000.00, was the third-largest given by the commission to any church outside London. The second church

8262-563: The other kingdom was often weak. The uncertainty of existence meant that communities or peoples kindred to each other sought security through their own strength and cunning, and they improved their livelihoods at their enemies' expense. These peoples were known as the Border Reivers and Carlisle was the major city within their territories. The Reivers became so much of a nuisance to the Scottish and English governments that, in 1525,

8364-666: The preserved Heritage Railway line, Severn Valley Railway , from where trains run to Bridgnorth . Several major routes run through the town, including the A456 which runs from Birmingham to just south of Woofferton , Shropshire ; the A451 which runs from Stourbridge to Abberley ; the A442 which runs from Droitwich to Hodnet , Shropshire, a few miles north of Telford ; the A449 which runs from Newport in south Wales to Stafford and crosses

8466-454: The province was visited by Hadrian , who approved a plan to build a wall the length of the frontier. A new fort, Petriana , was therefore built in the Stanwix area of the city north of the river on Hadrian's Wall . It was the largest fort along the wall and was completed in stone by around 130. Like Luguvalium, which lay within sight, Petriana housed a nominal 1,000-strong cavalry regiment,

8568-599: The ring road was never completed, which results in the town having a ring road that does not form a complete ring. The nearest motorway is the M5 , which signs Kidderminster from junction 3 ( Halesowen ) with the A456, and junction 6 (Worcester North) with the A449. The Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal passes through the town. There are direct bus links with towns including Worcester , Halesowen , Bewdley , Stourport , Bridgnorth , Bromsgrove and Redditch . The majority of

8670-565: The services in Kidderminster are operated by Diamond West Midlands (previously First Midland Red ) while the rest is operated by Select Bus Services (297), Finesse and Yarranton Brothers. Services 291 and 292 were operated by R & B Travel prior to the company surrendering its licence in January 2020. Services 15A/C, S15, 294, 580 and 133were operated by Coniston Coaches prior to surrendering its licence in October 2020. 15A/C, S15 & 294 were passed onto Astons until 2021 and 2022. Service 297

8772-672: The south of Kidderminster. Places of interest near Kidderminster include the West Midlands Safari Park to the west of Kidderminster towards Bewdley . A few miles south of the town is Hartlebury Castle , which houses the Worcestershire County Museum . A few miles north are the Drakelow Tunnels , a former underground military complex, which has an attached museum. The local newspapers covering Kidderminster are The Shuttle . and

8874-680: The south prior to the opening of the M6), the A595 to western Cumbria, the A69 to Newcastle upon Tyne and the A7 to Edinburgh. Kidderminster Kidderminster is a market town and civil parish in Worcestershire , England, 20 miles (32 km) south-west of Birmingham and 12 miles (19 km) north of Worcester . Located north of the River Stour and east of the River Severn , in

8976-477: The south west of Botchergate and St Nicholas are the former villages now suburbs of Upperby and Currock . The urban area spills over the former county borough boundary into Blackwell and Durdar in the civil parish of St Cuthbert Without . Between Upperby and Botcherby is Harraby, a former village once part of St Cuthbert Without and the largest suburb of Carlisle. Harraby is subdivided into Harraby East, New Harraby, Harraby Green, Old Harraby, Petteril Bank and

9078-477: The subsequent renewed persecution of French Protestants in France, many Huguenots emigrated to Britain. The immigration and settlement of waves of industrious Huguenots brought the benefits of skilled artisans, merchants and manufacturers to Britain. They contributed to a preexisting but basic cloth weaving industry in towns and cities throughout England, in some cases establishing new businesses. In Worcestershire,

9180-405: The territory. He was assassinated and suffered damnatio memoriae , but a surviving reference to him has been uncovered in Carlisle. Coins excavated in the area suggest that Romans remained in Carlisle until the reign of Emperor Valentinian II , from 375 to 392. The period of late antiquity after Roman rule saw Cumbria organised as the native British kingdom of Rheged . It is likely that

9282-593: The time meant the settlement became a city) while the county of Cumberland was created and later renamed Cumbria. In the 19th century, the introduction of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution began a process of socioeconomic transformation in Carlisle, which developed into a densely populated mill town . This, combined with its strategic position, allowed for the development of Carlisle as an important railway town , with seven railway companies sharing Carlisle railway station . Nicknamed

9384-514: The top of their head to the soles of their feet, before and behind, within and without." After the Pilgrimage of Grace , Henry VIII , concerned at the weakness of his hold on the North, employed (1539) the engineer Stefan von Haschenperg to modernise the defences of Carlisle. von Haschenperg was sacked in 1543 for having "spent great treasures to no purpose"; but (by him and his successors) at

9486-428: The town as: "uncommonly devoid of visual pleasure and architectural interest." Crown House, an early 1970s office block was particularly criticised, and was once rated among the top 10 ugliest buildings in Britain. Demolition was completed in April 2020, improving the Kidderminster skyline. In the 2007 revision of this volume, Alan Brooks wrote: "the 19th century mill buildings, together with the churches, provide most of

9588-418: The traditions of the town and elected a Mayor. At the 2019 local elections to Wyre Forest District Council, the Conservatives lost their majority and the council was taken over by a 'Progressive Alliance' formed of independents and councillors from other parties. However, in May 2022 Health Concern announced they would not be standing at the next election, instead favouring a unified independent offering. At

9690-558: The world's 8th tallest chimney and was the largest cotton mill in England. The expanding industries brought about an increase in population as jobs shifted from rural farms towards the cities. This produced a housing shortage where at one point 25,000 people in the city only had 5,000 houses to live in. People were said to be herded together with animal houses, slaughter houses and communal lavatories with open drains running between them. Living conditions were so bad that riots were common and some people emigrated. The problem wasn't solved until

9792-478: Was St John's Church , on the Bewdley Road. This was built in 1843 and the architect was Matthew Steele ; its grant was just over £4,000. The Shrubbery was converted into a military headquarters towards the end of the 19th century. In 1974 the old borough of Kidderminster was abolished and merged into the new Wyre Forest District . In December 2015 Kidderminster was established as a civil parish with

9894-560: Was built in place of the canal. Carlisle became a major railway centre on the West Coast Main Line with connections to the east. At one time seven companies used Carlisle Citadel railway station . Before the building of the Citadel railway station the city had several other railway stations, including London Road railway station . Carlisle had the largest railway marshalling yard in Europe, Kingmoor, which, reduced in size,

9996-1076: Was held on 5 May 2022. All 46 seats were up for election. Labour won a majority of 30 seats. Conservatives have 7 seats, Liberal Democrats 4 seats, Independents 3 seats and Green Party 2 seats. Turnout was 36.1%. Carlisle is situated on a slight rise, in the Cumberland Ward , at the confluence of the rivers Eden , Caldew and Petteril . An important centre for trade, it is located 56 mi (90 km) west of Newcastle upon Tyne , 71 mi (114 km) north of Lancaster , 90 mi (140 km) south-east of Glasgow , 93 mi (150 km) south of Edinburgh , 120 mi (190 km) north-west of York , and 300 mi (480 km) north-north-west of London . Nearby towns and villages include Longtown (north), Penrith (south), Brampton (east), Wigton (west), Haggbeck, Harker , Carwinley, Blackford , Houghton, Scotby , Wreay and Rockcliffe . Carlisle experiences an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfb ). In January 2005 Carlisle

10098-449: Was hit by strong gales and heavy rain, and on Saturday 8 January 2005 all roads into Carlisle were closed owing to severe flooding , the worst since 1822, which caused three deaths. Even worse flooding than in 2005 affected Carlisle between 4 and 6 December 2015. During this time, nearly 36 hours of incessant rainfall breached flood defences and left several areas submerged – including Bitts Park, Hardwicke Circus and Warwick Road. This left

10200-423: Was not until 1681 that the problem of the reivers was acknowledged as no longer an issue. Following the personal union of the crowns Carlisle Castle should have become obsolete as a frontier fortress, but the two kingdoms continued as separate states. In 1639, with war between the two kingdoms looming, the castle was refortified using stone from the cathedral cloisters. In 1642 the English Civil War broke out and

10302-899: Was operated by Arriva Midlands until 4 September 2023 when Select won the contract for the service. As part of educational restructuring in the Wyre Forest district , Kidderminster's schools were reorganised from a three-tier system of first, middle and high schools to the two-tier system more common in the UK as a whole, featuring primary schools and secondary schools . In this process, several first and middle schools were closed or merged into new primaries. The three high schools of King Charles I School , Wolverley C E Secondary School , and Baxter College (formerly Harry Cheshire High School) became secondary schools that included sixth forms . Independent schools include Heathfield Knoll School in Wolverley . Formerly independent, Holy Trinity School became

10404-649: Was promoted to county borough status in 1914. The city's boundaries have changed several times since 1835, most notably between 1974 and 2023, when under the Local Government Act 1972 the city and county borough and the Border Rural District were abolished and new enlarged City of Carlisle non-metropolitan district was created within the newly formed administrative county of Cumbria . The municipal borough contained several civil parishes or parts of parishes but these were merged into

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