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64-424: Broward County Public Schools is a public school district serving Broward County, Florida , and is the sixth largest public school system in the nation. During the 2023–2024 school year, Broward County Public Schools served 251,106 students enrolled in 200schools and education centers district-wide. The district is headquartered in uptown Fort Smith . It is the sole school district in the county. Prior to 1966,

128-551: A condition of entry or employment), and has controversially prohibited local governments and school boards from mandating that face masks be worn at schools—a policy which resulted in legal disputes. As of Tuesday, April 19, 2022, more than 14,342,000 people had been fully vaccinated in Florida. On that date, the state had logged at least 5,888,264 cases and 73,738 deaths since the pandemic began in March 2020. On February 15, 2023,

192-454: A school board ) may be elected, appointed by a political office holder, serve ex officio , or a combination of any of these. An independent school district is a legally separate body corporate and political . Most school districts operate as independent local governmental units with exclusive authority over K–12 public educational operations and policies. The extent of their control is set by state-level law. Litigation against school districts

256-481: A "board of trustees," "board of education," "school committee," etc.. This body usually appoints or hires an experienced public school administrator to function as the district's superintendent of schools – a district's chief executive . The superintendent oversees daily operations, decisions and implements the policies of the board. The school board may also exercise a quasi-judicial function in serious employee or student discipline matters. School districts in

320-626: A certain degree comparable to a school district. Other arrangements are possible: certain types of special schools in North Rhine-Westphalia are run by the Landschaftsverbände . There also exist private schools , mostly funded by the States, but run by private entities like churches or foundations. In Italy , school districts were established in 1974 by the " Provvedimenti Delegati sulla scuola " ("Assigned Laws [to

384-591: A conference with infected COVID-19 participants. Governor DeSantis declares a State of Emergency . Princess Cruises terminates a planned stop of the cruise ship Caribbean Princess in Grand Cayman after it was discovered that two of its crew members had recently transferred from Grand Princess in California. The cruise ship is ordered to anchor off the coast of Fort Lauderdale while its passengers and crew could be tested for COVID-19 . Furthermore,

448-568: A decline in property tax revenues during and after the Great Recession . By 2016 there were about 13,000 school districts, and the average student population was about 5,000. Although these terms can vary slightly between various states and regions, these are typical definitions for school district constitution: These terms may not appear in a district's name, even though the condition may apply. In England and Wales , school boards were established in 1870, and abolished in 1902, with

512-411: A decrease of 38,127 or 35%. Many states had passed laws facilitating school district consolidation. In 1951 the majority of the school districts in existence were rural school districts only providing elementary education, and some school districts did not operate schools but instead provided transportation to other schools. The Midwest had a large number of rural school districts. Previously areas of

576-477: A fourth Princess Cruises cruise ship, Regal Princess , is placed on a "no sail order" off the Florida coast after it was discovered that two of its crew members had recently transferred from Grand Princess in California . March 11: UF Health Shands Hospital confirm they are treating their first patient with a case of COVID-19 , but decline to say whether it was the same person who tested positive for

640-641: A minority of secondary schools , a few primary schools, and much further education . (Most schools are neither organized geographically nor publicly managed, although the Department of Education inspects and funds them and pays teachers' salaries.) Each ETB area comprises one or more local authority areas , with city or county councilors forming the bulk of the ETB board. The ETBs was formed in 2005 by amalgamating Vocational Education Committees established in 1930, also based on local government areas. In Hong Kong ,

704-455: A school system that is separate but similar to a town's or a county's powers. These include the power to enter contacts, use eminent domain , and to issue binding rules and regulations affecting school policies and operations. The power of school districts to tax and spend is generally more limited. For example, many school districts in New York state require a majority of voters living in

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768-710: A single school district." Noting that most modern school districts were formed by consolidating one-room school districts in the first seven decades of the 20th century, Fischel argues that "outside the South, these consolidations were consented to by local voters" who "preferred districts whose boundaries conformed to their everyday interactions rather than formal units of government" and that "[t]he South ended up with county-based school districts because segregation imposed diseconomies of scale on district operations and required larger land-area districts." In New York , most school districts are separate governmental units with

832-508: A spike of cases in the city and Pinellas County. An ice hockey game in the Tampa Bay metropolitan area led to 14 of the 22 players and a rink staff member testing positive for COVID-19. June 19: A mandatory mask mandate goes into effect in Tampa . It applies to all indoor locations outside of one's home and anywhere in public where one cannot maintain social distancing. Those who are under

896-449: A state), most American school districts operate as independent local governmental units under a grant of authority and within geographic limits created by state law. The executive and legislative power over locally-controlled policies and operations of an independent school district are, in most cases, held by a school district's board of education. Depending on state law, members of a local board of education (often referred to informally as

960-534: Is Dr. Howard Hepburn. The members of the school board, which oversee the district, are as follows: On February 14, 2018, a former student opened fire at a Broward school, Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida , murdering 17 people and injuring 17 others. Superintendent Robert Runcie and the School Board faced criticism for their handling of policies and the lack of guidance assisted to

1024-675: Is announced that schools would remain closed for the remainder of the semester. April 20: The Florida Department of Economic Opportunities releases a dashboard showing that 1.5 million unemployment claims were made during the last month. The Florida National Guard assists with COVID-19 sample collections at a State Nursing home for Veterans in Pembroke Pines . In addition, they have helped across Florida in more than 50,000 COVID-19 tests and numerous screenings at airports. April 21: Flagler County announces its beaches would reopen for exercising and fishing but not socializing, and

1088-531: Is closed off to allow restaurants to expand their seating. People are to along the sidewalks and in the closed off streets to maximize the restaurant capacities. June 1: The Florida Keys reopened and lifted the roadblock. Earlier in May, in a virtual round table, Miami-Dade Emergency Manager Frank Rollason said the county plans to test everyone coming into a shelter for COVID-19 and separate people who are ill or have symptoms from healthy people in different parts of

1152-427: Is common and some law firms specialize in education law. Districts typically maintain professional liability insurance in order to pay its settlements and legal liabilities. As of 2023 in most U.S. states, public school districts may lay taxes to fund their operations. In others, such as Maine , some school districts are able to lay taxes and others are not. Independent school districts often exercise authority over

1216-695: Is terminated from her position by the Florida Department of Health. Jones claimed that the Department of Health wanted data on Florida's coronavirus dashboard changed to support Governor Ron DeSantis' plans to resume economic activity. She further contended that she was fired for refusing to alter the information. A statement from DeSantis' office denied this, instead claiming that she was fired for insubordination and unilateral decision-making regarding her dashboard additions. DeSantis added that Jones contradicted state epidemiologists. In May 2021, Jones

1280-473: The COVID-19 pandemic , the school district switched almost entirely to online classes in March 2020 and gradually returned to in-person instruction starting in the fall of 2020. The exact timing of school re-openings led to tension between the school board and the state government. Throughout the 2020–2021 school year, the district required all students and staff to wear face masks as a preventative measure. In

1344-755: The Education Bureau divides primary schools into 36 districts, known as school nets, for its Primary One Admission System . Of the 36 districts, districts 34 and 41 in Kowloon and districts 11 and 12 in Hong Kong Island are considered the most prestigious. In Iranian cities school kids normal registrations are limited by school districts, register is online at my.medu.ir and the parent sees schools within range online. COVID-19 pandemic in Florida On March 1, 2020,

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1408-724: The Florida Department of Health had reported 3,485,163 COVID-19 cases and 51,240 deaths among residents of the state. Since the start of the pandemic through November 2022, 324 in 100,000 Floridians died of COVID-19. As of December 2021, among all US states Florida had the eighth-highest per capita case rate. As of July 2021, one in every five new COVID-19 cases recorded in the United States came from Florida. Vaccines have been administered in Florida since December 14, 2020. As of May 2, 2021 , Florida has administered 15,488,105 COVID-19 vaccine doses with 42% of

1472-562: The Florida Department of Health published a safety alert from the State Surgeon General Joseph Ladapo warning of "a novel increase" in adverse event reports related to mRNA -based COVID-19 vaccines . February 29, 2020: Florida state health laboratories in Tampa , Jacksonville , and Miami are able to process COVID-19 tests locally rather than sending them to federal labs, cutting processing time from 3–5 days to 1–2 days. March 1: Florida becomes

1536-790: The Midwest and West tend to cross municipal boundaries, while school districts in New England and the Mid-Atlantic regions tend to adhere to city, township, and/or county boundaries. As of 1951 school districts were independent governmental units in 26 states, while in 17 states there were mixes of independent school districts and school districts subordinate to other local governments. In nine states there were only school districts subordinate to local governments. In most Southern states, school systems operate either as an arm of county government or at least share coextensive boundaries with

1600-555: The Seminole County requires those who were diagnosed with COVID-19 to stay at home until medically cleared. April 1: DeSantis issues a statewide stay-at-home order following growing pressure to do so. April 12: The Tampa Bay Times reported a discrepancy between the counts of COVID-19 deaths in the state: the Florida Department of Health had reported 419, while Florida's medical examiners reported 461. The health department counts only Florida residents and organizes

1664-568: The U.S. state of Florida officially reported its first two COVID-19 cases in Manatee and Hillsborough counties. There is evidence, however, that community spread of COVID-19 first began in Florida much earlier, perhaps as early as the first week of January, with as many as 171 people in Florida who had shown symptoms now identified with COVID-19, prior to receiving confirmation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . By March 11,

1728-710: The Unorganized Borough of Alaska were not served by school districts but instead served by schools directly operated by the Alaska Department of Education and by Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) schools. The state schools were transferred to the Alaska State-Operated School System (SOS) after the Alaska Legislature created it in 1971; that agency was terminated in 1975, with its schools transferred to

1792-442: The county council and county borough councils becoming the local education authorities . In France, the system of the carte scolaire was dismantled by the beginning of the 2007 school year. More school choice has been given to French students; however, priority is given to those who meet the following criteria: In Germany , schools and teachers are predominately funded by the states of Germany , which also are in control of

1856-489: The CDC saw evidence to conclude that community spread of the virus had occurred within the state. On April 1, 2020, Governor Ron DeSantis issued an executive order to restrict activities within the state to those deemed as essential services. By June 2020, DeSantis had adopted a more targeted approach to the pandemic, declaring in mid-June that, "We're not shutting down, we're gonna go forward, we're gonna continue to protect

1920-587: The Golisano Children's Hospital then to the Nicklaus Children's Hospital in Miami. June 24: The daily positive test rate reaches 20%. New York , New Jersey and Connecticut impose 14-day quarantines on visitors from states with infection rates above a certain threshold, including Florida. A study by Scripps Research Institute reports that COVID-19 may be mutating in Florida, making

1984-557: The Government] about the school"). Each district must contain a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The national government attempted to link the local schools with local society and culture and local governments. The school districts were dissolved in 2003 by the "legge finanziaria" (law about the government budget) in an attempt to trim the national budget. In the Republic of Ireland, 16 Education and Training Boards (ETBs) administer

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2048-580: The School district for more than five years. In 1994 Frank Petruzielo became the superintendent. Petruzielo's time as superintendent ended in 1999. Frank Till became the Superintendent in 1999 after Frank Petruzielo's retirement. Frank Till was fired by the school board for no apparent reason in 2006. James Notter replaced Till in 2006. In 2011, James Notter resigned from his position as superintendent. Robert Runcie became superintendent following

2112-403: The United States tend to be different from the demographics of the students. This difference is "most pronounced in majority nonwhite jurisdictions and school districts with the largest racial achievement gaps ." There were 130,000 school districts in the country in 1930, with an average student population of 150. From 1942 to 1951 the number of school districts declined from 108,579 to 70,452,

2176-535: The United States. The Department of Health announces three new cases late on March 6, two in Broward County and one in Lee County . Officials also announce two deaths. March 8: Publix starts to limit the amount of certain items per customer because some shoppers began to hoard items like toilet paper and other essential items. March 9: Florida House members announce that five members attended

2240-621: The age of 2 are exempt from it. A mask mandate that applies to businesses in St. Petersburg goes into effect. June 21: The dashboard created by Rebekah Jones says that "the DOH "Cases" include residents and non-residents, but exclude those who received positive anti-body test results". June 23: A 17-year old from Lee County who attended a 100-person church function dies from COVID-19. The teenager had been treated at home with azithromycin , hydroxychloroquine , and oxygen before being transferred to

2304-573: The commission made no such claims. The Office of Inspector General later found her claims to be unsubstantiated or unfounded; those she accused were exonerated of any misconduct. May 17: Monroe County commissioners vote for a mask mandate that requires all employees and customers of businesses to wear masks. May 18: Broward County and Miami-Dade County enter Phase One of reopening. May 22: The Miami Beach City Commission votes that Miami-Dade hotels and beaches reopen by June 1, but that did not happen. May 27: Ocean Drive on Miami Beach

2368-419: The coronavirus. The state purchases 2,500 testing kits. In addition, congressman Mario Diaz-Balart from Miami tests positive for the coronavirus. After his diagnosis, he self-quarantines in his Washington, D.C. apartment. March 20: A Pasco and a Broward County resident dies. A man who returned to California after visiting Walt Disney World and Universal Orlando approximately two weeks prior dies from

2432-586: The county provided completely separate sets of schools for White students and Black students. In 1966, the school district began to experiment with allowing a limited number of Black students to learn alongside White students, ultimately integrating the races in 1969. William J. Leary served as superintendent until 1988; the school board did not want him to serve out the remainder of his term, so it paid him $ 113,516 in severance. Virgil "Sam" Morgan became superintendent of Broward county in 1988. In 1994 Broward's superintendent, Virgil "Sam" Morgan retired after leading

2496-455: The current Florida Health dashboard, positive tests are only counted once per person but a person who tests negative multiple times is counted towards the data every time. She states that reporting positivity as a percentage of total tests instead of as a percentage of the total population tested lowers the reported COVID-19 positivity rate. June 16: Hawkers St. Pete restaurant in St. Petersburg temporary shuts down until further notice due to

2560-705: The data by the person's place of residence (to avoid double-counting); in contrast, the medical examiners count anyone who dies in the state, which includes visitors. The health department's analysis causes several days of reporting delay, which is a further reason it is difficult to compare the numbers. In response to the Tampa Bay Times article, Florida officials stopped the release of the medical examiners' list, saying that it should be reviewed and possibly redacted, but did not publicly specify what exactly they wanted to redact. April 17: DeSantis allows some Florida beaches to reopen if done safely. April 18 It

2624-469: The district or the local government to approval their annual budget, but school districts in Virginia have no taxing authority and must depend on another local government (county, city, or town) for funding. A district's governing body, usually called a school board , is typically elected by direct popular vote but may be appointed by other governmental officials. The governing body might also be known as

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2688-590: The fall of 2021, growing public opposition to mask mandates led Governor Ron DeSantis to prohibit local school districts from requiring masks. The school board chose to defy the state government and continue requiring masks, along with several other school districts in the state. In response the Florida Board of Education voted to prevent the district from doing so and could replace elected board members. DeSantis withheld funding from school districts that required masks. The federal government stepped in to replace

2752-462: The federal Center for Disease Control , life expectancy during 2020 dropped in Florida to 77.5 years, down from 79 years in 2019; that fall of 1.5 years in Florida compared to a nationwide fall of 1.8 years, "mostly due to the COVID-19 pandemic and increases in unintentional injuries," with those unintentional deaths being mostly attributable to drug overdoses. As of September 16, 2021 ,

2816-617: The money with federal funds, but after the state blocked that funding as well, the US Department of Education warned the state that it may have violated federal law. During the 2023-2024 academic school year, the District served 251,106 students. The district covers a total of 326 institutions: 137 elementary schools, 35 middle schools, 32 high schools, 9 combination schools, 3 technical colleges, 23 centers, and 87 charter schools . Central Charter School At first all

2880-877: The most vulnerable....particularly when you have a virus that disproportionately impacts one segment of society, to suppress a lot of working-age people at this point I don't think would likely be very effective." That targeted approach was similar to what the Great Barrington Declaration would recommend later in October. DeSantis got vaccinated voluntarily against COVID-19 and expressed enthusiasm for people getting their shots, but he has also opposed forcing people to do it. On September 25, 2020, Florida lifted all remaining capacity restrictions on businesses, while also prohibiting local governments from enforcing public health orders with fines, or restricting restaurants to less than 50% capacity. According to

2944-608: The newly created Alaska Unorganized Borough School District, which was broken apart into twenty-one school districts the following year. In the 2022 Census of Governments, the United States Census Bureau enumerated the following numbers of school systems in the United States: School districts in the US have reduced the number of their employees by 3.3%, or 270,000 between 2008 and 2012, owing to

3008-933: The nonwhite schools were, as elsewhere, elementary schools. In part through the efforts of principals Blanche General Ely and Joseph A. Ely , by the end of the segregation era there were three nonwhite high schools in Broward County: Crispus Attucks in Hollywood, Dillard in Ft. Lauderdale, and Blanche Ely in Pompano Beach. School district In the U.S., most K–12 public schools function as units of local school districts. A school district usually operate several elementary , middle , and high schools . The largest urban and suburban districts operate hundreds of schools. While practice varies significantly by state (and in some cases, within

3072-504: The overall education policies. On the other hand, school buildings are mostly run and funded by municipal governments on different levels of the municipal system (municipalities proper, districts), depending on the size and specialization of a certain school or the population size of a certain municipality. As with other fields of government, for more specialized schools, special government bodies ("Zweckverband") can be established, where municipalities, and not voters, are members; these are to

3136-451: The population having received at least one shot and 30% of the population being fully vaccinated. Since 2021, Governor Ron DeSantis has placed restrictions on the use of COVID-19 mitigations by local governments and private businesses via executive order; the state has expressly voided and restricted any future restrictions imposed by local governments, prohibited any mandate applying to COVID-19 vaccines (including COVID-19 vaccination as

3200-441: The power to levy taxes and incur debt, except for the five cities with a population of over 125,000 ( Buffalo , Rochester , Syracuse , Yonkers , and New York City ), where the schools are operated directly by the municipalities. The Hawaii State Department of Education functions as a single statewide school district, unique among states. According to a 2021 study, the demographics of voters who elect local school boards in

3264-562: The resignation of James Notter in 2011. Under Runcie, the Parkland school shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High took place, followed by the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2021, Robert Runcie was arrested by the Florida Department of Law Enforcement on a felony charge of perjury, after a grand jury commissioned by Gov. Ron DeSantis in 2019 to review safety and security matters after the Parkland school shooting recommend it. Robert Runcie then resigned his position In 2021. In 2021, Vickie Cartwright

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3328-416: The school board could do so. On February 13, 2019, now Florida Governor DeSantis announced that he had petitioned a statewide grand jury investigation. In May 2021, after the grand jury indicted him for perjury during their investigation, Runcie announced his intention to step down. Supporters of Runcie accused the grand jury investigation that led to his indictment of being politically motivated. Amidst

3392-780: The shelter. June 1, he contradicted himself in an email and said the county plans to screen evacuees for symptoms, not test them. The state hopes to have rapid testing by August or September and to be able to test people entering and exiting shelters by then. June 3: DeSantis announces that Florida could move into Phase 2 except south Florida, specifically Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach, which need to submit plans for reopening. Phase 2 in Florida begins, with bars allowed to open at 50% capacity with social distancing and sanitation. June 10: Miami Beach reopens with social distancing guidelines. June 14: An alternate website for tracking COVID-19 cases in Florida, created by Rebekah Jones, debuted. In an interview with NPR , she claims that in

3456-515: The shooter. Runcie and the Board faced particular criticism, including from some parents of students at Stoneman Douglas High School, for the creation of an alternative discipline program for students accused of nonviolent misdemeanors called "Promise", which the Parkland shooter had been referred to. In the lead up to the 2018 gubernatorial election, Republican candidate Ron DeSantis vowed to remove Runcie from his office, although he conceded that only

3520-556: The state's counties. A 2010 study by economist William A. Fischel found that "two-thirds of medium-to-large American cities have boundaries that substantially overlap those of a single school district" with substantial regional and state variations in the degree of overlap, "ranging from nearly perfect congruence in New England , New Jersey, and Virginia, to hardly any in Illinois, Texas, and Florida." Older and more populous municipalities "tend to have boundaries that closely match those of

3584-455: The sunbathing restriction was lifted on Brevard County . May 4: The state of Florida removed 171 presumed COVID-19 cases with onset in January and February from its official COVID-19 database. The individuals were subsequently all still counted after they tested positive with CDC confirmation. May 5: Rebekah Jones , a geographic data scientist involved in tracking cases for the state,

3648-683: The tenth state to confirm its first COVID-19 cases: one in Manatee County , and one in Hillsborough County with a woman who had recently returned from Italy . March 3: The Florida Department of Health sets up a 24-hour COVID-19 hotline. A third presumptive positive case in Hillsborough County is reported. March 5: A new case is announced involving an elderly man with severe underlying health conditions in Santa Rosa County who had recently traveled outside

3712-534: The total of TSA agents across the United States to have the virus to five after four other TSA agents at Mineta San Jose International Airport in California tested positive. March 17: Governor DeSantis orders bars and nightclubs to close for 30 days, gyms announce that they would be closing, and the first medical group offers drive through COVID-19 testing in Central Florida. March 18: Nineteen senior living facilities are suspected to be infected by

3776-537: The virus earlier in the week. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) award Florida $ 27 million to help quell the pandemic. March 13: It is confirmed that Mayor of Miami Francis Suarez had contracted the virus. The Department of Health confirms that an Orange County resident died in California after contracting COVID-19 while traveling. March 14: Orlando International Airport confirms that one of its Transportation Security Administration (TSA) agents had tested positive for COVID-19, bringing

3840-541: The virus more likely to infect cells. During the month of June the seven day moving average of new COVID-19 cases in Florida increased nearly ten-fold, from 726 new cases per day on June 1 to 7,140 new cases on July 1, 2020. July 2: Florida's Department of Health stated that test results starting July 2 would include antigen test results received from the state public health laboratory and commercial and hospital laboratories. July 3: An 11-year-old boy from Miami-Dade County dies from COVID-19 complications, making him

3904-701: The virus. DeSantis orders that restaurants use take-out and delivery only to prevent guests from eating at restaurants. March 30: Although Florida law does not allow retired state personnel to return to work until six months after their retirement, DeSantis makes an exception and allows the retired healthcare and front line workers to come back to work In addition, he signs an Executive Order for Miami-Dade County , Broward County and Palm Beach County residents to stay at home. The Department of Education announces that schools will not be able to resume in person classes until at least May 1. After learning that some patients were leaving isolation and going out in public,

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3968-728: Was chosen as interim superintendent by the Broward County School Board. Although the process was controversial, she was later selected as the permanent superintendent. In November 2022, Dr. Vickie Cartwright was fired by the Broward County School Board. In December 2022, the newly elected board members rescinded her firing. Dr. Vickie Cartwright later resigned in 2023. Peter B. Licata became superintendent in August 2023. Licata later retired in April 2024 after being superintendent for only 10 months due to health concerns. Licata

4032-705: Was granted whistleblower protection by the Florida Commission of Human Resources, but the investigation found allegations of retaliatory adverse action unsubstantiated and was closed in September 2022. Jones posted a forged version of the notice of termination she received claiming the commission found she disclosed and demonstrated violations of Florida Statutes and qualified her termination as legitimate and non-retaliatory under Florida Statute that classified her as employment as Selected Exempt Service, making her employment at-will. The authentic letter provided by

4096-423: Was replaced by Howard Hepburn as superintendent on the same day. Broward County Public Schools' current superintendent is Howard Hepburn. Since 2023, a contingent of Broward County citizens called Truth Matters has attended school board meetings, generally speaking against motions supported by gubernatorial appointees and for motions supported by elected school board members. The current Superintendent of schools

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