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83-667: This ancient and royal town of the Maranaos became a municipality under Executive Order No. 21 issued on June 25, 1963, during the term of President Diosdado Macapagal . Butig is considered one of the oldest settlements in the center of Mindanao. A sultanate located in the Pangampong (Principality) of Unayan, Lanao, Mindanao , Butig belongs to the confederation of the Sultans of Lanao (Ranao in Maranao language ). This historic town

166-463: A dynastic quarrel. Sulu had reached the highest level of its territorial expansion. Actually, Sulu was simply filling up the power vacuum left in the island of Borneo as a result of Brunei's gradual political and commercial decline. The Spanish government, principally on account of Jesuit agitation, decided to refortify Zamboanga. The Jesuits, more than any religious order in the Philippines, were

249-423: A few men to several hundred. Early in the year 1906, Moro outlaws in the inaccessible mountains of Butig fortified themselves in hill-top strongholds under the leadership of Sultan Mangatung and his brother inlaw, Amai Maricor of Maciu. Under Mangatung, a great force of outlaws became established at rancherias and were responsible for terrible depredations throughout the district. Government launches operating at

332-666: A former speaker of the House of Representatives . Macapagal's nomination was particularly boosted by Liberal Party president Eugenio Pérez , who insisted that the party's vice presidential nominee have a clean record of integrity and honesty. While Yulo was defeated by Carlos P. Garcia of the Nacionalista Party , Macapagal was elected vice president in an upset victory, defeating the Nacionalista candidate, José B. Laurel, Jr. , by over eight percentage points. A month after

415-676: A law nationalizing the rice and corn industries. He was consistently selected by the Congressional Press Club as one of the Ten Outstanding Congressmen during his tenure. In his second term, he was named most outstanding lawmaker of the 3rd Congress. In the May 1957 general elections , the Liberal Party drafted Congressman Macapagal to run for vice president as the running-mate of José Y. Yulo ,

498-574: A non-issue and thus dismissed the claim. In July 1963, President Diosdado Macapagal convened a summit meeting in Manila in which a nonpolitical confederation for Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia, Maphilindo , was proposed as a realization of José Rizal 's dream of bringing together the Malay peoples, seen as artificially divided by colonial frontiers. Maphilindo was described as a regional association that would approach issues of common concern in

581-516: A proclamation which declared Tuesday, June 12, 1962, as a special public holiday in commemoration of the declaration of independence from Spain on that date in 1898. The change became permanent in 1964 with the signing of Republic Act No. 4166. For having issued his 1962 proclamation, Macapagal is generally credited with having moved the celebration date of the Independence Day holiday. Years later, Macapagal told journalist Stanley Karnow

664-476: A socio-economic program anchored on "a return to free and private enterprise", placing economic development in the hands of private entrepreneurs with minimal interference. Twenty days after the inauguration, exchange controls were lifted and the Philippine peso was allowed to float on the free currency exchange market. The currency controls were initially adopted by the administration of Elpidio Quirino as

747-574: A strong force took the field against the Moros of Mindanao under the command of Don Francisco Estovar, Governor of Zamboanga. The expedition disembarked before the Moro town of Mamucan in the Cotabato Valley. Here an action conducted by Don Pedro de Biruga, with a force of 180 Spaniards, destroyed the town of Butig, with many vessels and a quantity of rice.(Hurley, 1936) Between 1663, when Zamboanga

830-508: A temporary measure, but continued to be adopted by succeeding administrations. The peso devalued from ₱ 2.64 to the U.S. dollar, and stabilized at ₱3.80 to the dollar, supported by a US$ 300 million stabilization fund from the International Monetary Fund . To achieve the national goal of economic and social progress with prosperity reaching down to the masses, there existed a choice of methods. First, there

913-480: Is a distant descendant of Don Juan Macapagal , a prince of Tondo , who was a great-grandson of the last reigning lakan of Tondo, Lakan Dula . He is also related to well-to-do Licad family through his mother Romana, who was a second cousin of María Vitug Licad, grandmother of renowned pianist, Cecile Licad . Romana's own grandmother, Genoveva Miguel Pangan, and María's grandmother, Celestina Miguel Macaspac, were sisters. Their mother, María Concepción Lingad Miguel,

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996-594: Is also known for shifting the country's observance of Independence Day from July 4 to June 12, commemorating the day President Emilio Aguinaldo unilaterally declared the independence of the First Philippine Republic from the Spanish Empire in 1898. He stood for re-election in 1965 and was defeated by Ferdinand Marcos . Under Marcos, Macapagal was elected president of the 1970 constitutional convention that would later draft what became

1079-823: Is in doubt considering the distance of Butig (Lanao del Sur) to the shores of Zamboanga. Furthermore, the Jesuits in Zamboanga were more engaged with the Tausugs of Sulu; and for Datu Dalasi, a Maranao of Lanao, to get involved in the affairs of the Sulu Sultanate is highly unusual. In July 1908, Lieutenant Burr of the American colonial forces was leading forty men through the Agus River in Mindanao . Near Nyaan

1162-528: Is the "cradle" of Maranao civilization. While Islamic political institutions were being implemented in Sulu, Muslim traders and possibly itinerant teachers visited the eastern and northern parts of Mindanao Island. The advent of Muhammad Kabungsuwan and his lieutenants developed a system of multiple marriage alliances with various ruling families which served as a means of extending both political control and Islamization. The coming of this intrepid Arab-Malay, to whom

1245-399: Is the incumbent mayor of Butig. His predecessors were mayors Ibrahim Mitoon Macadato, Dimnatang Labay Pansar, Pauli Bao-Macabuntal Ditual, Sunnyboy Mona, Monabantog Kiram, Arapa Datukanug, Palawan Amatonding, Abdulrahman Mamalinding Romato, Datu Mombao Mamalinding Romato, Sangcad Mamalinding Bao, Sultan Macalinog Mamalinding Bao and Sultan Macabayao Macadato. Butig is one of the oldest town in

1328-465: The 1961 election . As president, Macapagal worked to suppress graft and corruption and to stimulate the growth of the Philippine economy. He introduced the country's first land reform law, placed the peso on the free currency exchange market, and liberalized foreign exchange and import controls. Many of his reforms, however, were crippled by a Congress dominated by the rival Nacionalista Party . He

1411-613: The 1965 election , the Lopezes threw their support behind Macapagal's rival, Ferdinand Marcos , with Fernando Lopez serving Marcos' running mate. The Administration's campaign against corruption was tested by Harry Stonehill , an American expatriate with a $ 50-million business empire in the Philippines. Macapagal's secretary of justice, Jose W. Diokno investigated Stonehill on charges of tax evasion, smuggling, misdeclaration of imports, and corruption of public officials. Diokno's investigation revealed Stonehill's ties to corruption within

1494-556: The 1973 Constitution , though the manner in which the charter was ratified and modified led him to later question its legitimacy. He died of heart failure, pneumonia , and renal complications, in 1997, at the age of 86. Macapagal was also a poet in the Spanish language, though his poetic oeuvre was eclipsed by his political biography. Diosdado Macapagal was born on September 28, 1910, at Barrio San Nicolas 1st in Lubao , Pampanga . He

1577-610: The 1973 Constitution . The manner in which the charter was ratified and later modified led him to later question its legitimacy. In 1979, he formed the National Union for Liberation as a political party to oppose the Marcos regime. Following the restoration of democracy in 1986, Macapagal took on the role of elder statesman, and was a member of the Philippine Council of State . He also served as honorary chairman of

1660-818: The Department of Foreign Affairs as the head of its legal division. In 1948, President Elpidio Quirino appointed Macapagal as chief negotiator in the successful transfer of the Turtle Islands in the Sulu Sea from the United Kingdom to the Philippines. That same year, he was assigned as second secretary to the Philippine Embassy in Washington, D.C. In 1949, he was elevated to the position of counselor on legal affairs and treaties, at

1743-484: The Spanish and American periods); fishponds, saltbeds, and lands primarily planted to citrus , coconuts , cacao , coffee , durian , and other similar permanent trees; landholdings converted to residential , commercial , industrial , or other similar non-agricultural purposes. It was viewed that the 75-hectare retention limit was just too high for the growing population density. Moreover, this law merely allowed

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1826-702: The University of the Philippines Manila , then enrolled at Philippine Law School in 1932, studying on a scholarship and supporting himself with a part-time job as an accountant. While in law school, he gained prominence as an orator and debater. However, he was forced to quit schooling after two years due to poor health and a lack of money. Returning to Pampanga, he joined boyhood friend Rogelio de la Rosa in producing and starring in Tagalog operettas patterned after classic Spanish zarzuelas . It

1909-403: The kasama system was prohibited. It formulated a bill of rights that assured agricultural workers the right to self-organization and to a minimum wage . It also created an office that acquired and distributed farmlands and a financing institution for this purpose. The major flaw of this law was, however, that it had several exemptions, such as ort (big capital plantations established during

1992-488: The peasants ' inability to purchase the land. Besides, the government seemed lacking of strong political will, as shown by the Congress' allotment of only one million Philippine pesos for the implementation of this code. At least ₱ 200 million was needed within a year from the enactment and implementation of the code, and ₱300 million in the next three years for the program to be successful. However, by 1972,

2075-516: The Cabinet only on the condition that he switch allegiance to the ruling Nationalista Party, but he declined the offer and instead played the role of critic to the administration's policies and performance. This allowed him to capitalize on the increasing unpopularity of the Garcia administration. Assigned to performing only ceremonial duties as vice president, he spent his time making frequent trips to

2158-773: The Committee on Foreign Affairs, and was given several foreign assignments. He was a Philippine delegate to the United Nations General Assembly multiple times, taking part in debates over communist aggression with Andrei Vishinsky and Jacob Malik of the Soviet Union. He also took part in negotiations for the U.S.-R.P. Mutual Defense Treaty , the Laurel–Langley Agreement , and the Japanese Peace Treaty . He authored

2241-515: The Datu of Butig (also known as Rajah Janatun of Butig), with an armada of one hundred vessels or “paraws” manned by Sultan sa Kanluran, Miyangaludan and several thousand Moros, attacked Fort Pilar in Zamboanga. He captured a local Jesuit priest and forced the Spanish government in Manila to give ransom payment in exchange for his freedom. (Hurley, 1936) But the accuracy of this report by Hurley

2324-660: The Five-Year program – formally known as the Five-Year Socio-Economic Integrated Development Program – it could be seen that it aimed at the following objectives. Free enterprise was restored with decontrol. The Five-Year Economic Program had been prescribed. Land reform abolishing tenancy had been launched. These were essential foundations for economic and social progress for the greatest number. The essential foundations having been laid, attention must then be turned to

2407-697: The Foreign Service Act, which reorganized and strengthened the Philippine foreign service . As a representative, Macapagal authored and sponsored several laws of socio-economic importance, particularly aimed at benefiting rural areas and the poor. Amongst the legislation that Macapagal promoted, was the Minimum Wage Law, Rural Health Law, Rural Bank Law, the Law on Barrio Councils, the Barrio Industrialization Law, and

2490-525: The Macaspacs, who owned large tracts of land in barrio Sta. Maria, Lubao, Pampanga. After receiving his Bachelor of Laws degree in 1936, he was admitted to the bar , topping the 1936 bar examination with a score of 89.95%. He later returned to his alma mater to take up graduate studies and earn a Master of Laws degree in 1941, a Doctor of Civil Law degree in 1947, and a PhD in economics in 1957. His dissertation had "Imperatives of Economic Development in

2573-614: The Maranaos of Lake Lanao . Whereas the base and strength of the Buayan sultanate was in the upper valley of the Pulangi in the interior of eastern Mindanao, that of the sultanate of Maguindanao was at the lower valley and the nearby coastal areas. Actually, for many years it was Iranun support that strengthened the Maguindanaon rulers against their antagonists. (Majul, 1973) In time, the continued existence of Islam in Sulu and Mindanao

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2656-592: The Maute Group raided the detachment of the 51st Infantry Battalion of the Philippine Army in the town. Islamic State of Iraq and Syria paraphernalia were discovered at the group's lair after government forces overran the group's camp on February 26, 2016. The firefight displaced 2,000 residents of Butig, and killed 42 members of the group and three government troops. In November 2016, the Maute group seized

2739-725: The Philippines" as its title. After passing the bar examination, Macapagal was invited to join an American law firm as a practicing attorney, a particular honor for a Filipino at the time. He was assigned as a legal assistant to President Manuel L. Quezon in Malacañang Palace . During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in World War II, Macapagal continued working in Malacañang Palace as an assistant to President José P. Laurel , while secretly aiding

2822-463: The Senate at that time. Nonetheless, Macapagal was able to achieve steady economic progress, and annual GDP growth averaged at 5.53% for 1962–65. The removal of controls and the restoration of free enterprise was intended to provide only the fundamental setting in which Macapagal could work out economic and social progress. A specific and periodic program for the guidance of both the private sector and

2905-422: The administration due to his support by communist groups. After a campaign that Macapagal described as cordial and free of personal attacks, he won a landslide victory in the 1949 election . He was re-elected in the 1953 election , and served as a representative in the 2nd and 3rd Congress . At the start of the 1950 legislative session, the members of the House of Representatives elected Macapagal as chair of

2988-509: The anti-Japanese resistance during the Allied liberation country from the Japanese. After the war, Macapagal worked as an assistant attorney with one of the largest law firms in the country, Ross, Lawrence, Selph and Carrascoso . With the establishment of the independent Third Republic of the Philippines in 1946, he rejoined government service when President Manuel Roxas appointed him to

3071-472: The claim in the back burner in the interest of pursuing cordial economic and security relations with Kuala Lumpur . To date, Malaysia continues to consistently reject Philippine calls to resolve the matter of Sabah's jurisdiction to the International Court of Justice . Sabah sees the claim made by the Philippines' Moro leader Nur Misuari to take Sabah to International Court of Justice (ICJ) as

3154-484: The code had benefited only 4,500 peasants covering 68 estates, at the cost of ₱57 million to the government. Consequently, by the 1970s, the farmers ended up tilling less land, with their share in the farm also being less. They incurred more debts, depending on the landlord, creditors , and palay buyers. Indeed, during the administration of Macapagal, the productivity of the farmers further declined. One of Macapagal's major campaign pledges had been to clean out

3237-527: The country to free enterprise. During the 20 days available to make a decision on choice between controls and free enterprise, between his inauguration as president and before the opening of Congress , Macapagal's main adviser was Andres Castillo, governor of the Central Bank . Further reform efforts by Macapagal were blocked by the Nacionalistas, who dominated the House of Representatives and

3320-478: The countryside to acquaint himself with voters and to promote the image of the Liberal Party. As president, Macapagal worked to suppress graft and corruption and to stimulate the Philippine economy. In the 1961 presidential election , Macapagal ran against Garcia's re-election bid, promising an end to corruption and appealing to the electorate as a common man from humble beginnings. He defeated

3403-467: The desired political results in Sulu since the sultanate was in the hands of a usurper. Also, the question of the sincerity of the conversion still remains an open one. In this fifth stage, the men of Sultan Mardan and the Maranaos of Butig began their devastating attacks on other parts of the Philippines, reducing the number of tributes for Spain coming from the Visayas and causing a virtual disruption in

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3486-515: The economic life of many islands under the Spanish colonial regime. On account of thousands of captives taken by the Muslims, some depopulation started to take place in the Visayas. But all this was in response to the Spanish order in 1751 to enslave captured Muslims and destroy their settlements, boats, plantations, and fields. Yet, as the facts demonstrate, it was the Sulu Sultan who was always

3569-489: The election – thereby increasing the LP's Senate seats from eight to ten. Towards the end of his term, Macapagal decided to seek re-election to continue seeking reforms which he claimed were stifled by a "dominant and uncooperative opposition" in Congress. With Senate President Ferdinand Marcos, a fellow member of the Liberal Party, unable to win his party's nomination due to Macapagal's re-election bid, Marcos switched allegiance to

3652-407: The election, he was chosen as the president of the Liberal Party. As the first ever Philippine vice president to be elected from a rival party of the president, Macapagal served out his four-year vice presidential term as a leader of the opposition . The ruling party refused to give him a Cabinet position in the Garcia administration, which was a break from tradition. He was offered a position in

3735-442: The equally difficult task of building the main edifice by implementing the economic program. Although the success of Macapagal's Socio-Economic Program in free enterprise inherently depended on the private sector, it would be helpful and necessary for the government to render active assistance in its implementation by the citizens. Such role of the government in free enterprise , in the view of Macapagal, required it (1) to provide

3818-498: The first to initiate moves for a peaceful settlement. The lessening of Spanish power as a direct result of the British invasion of the Philippines and capture of Manila in 1762 once again brought about a decline of hostilities between Spaniards and Sulu and Maguindanao. The Muslim principalities again tried to recapture their days of commercial prosperity, but they were not to be left in peace. (Majul, 1973) On December 8, 1720, Dalasi,

3901-448: The government corruption that had proliferated under former President Garcia. The administration also openly feuded with Filipino businessmen Fernando Lopez and Eugenio Lopez , brothers who had controlling interests in several large businesses. The administration alluded to the brothers as "Filipino Stonehills who build and maintain business empires through political power, including the corruption of politicians and other officials". In

3984-405: The government was an essential instrument to attain the economic and social development that constituted the goal of his labors. Such a program for his administration was formulated under his authority and direction by a group of able and reputable economic and business leaders the most active and effective of which was Sixto Roxas III. From an examination of the planned targets and requirements of

4067-431: The government. Before independence there was free enterprise in the Philippines under Presidents Manuel Quezon , Sergio Osmeña and Manuel Roxas . In 1950, President Elpidio Quirino deviated from free enterprise launching as a temporary emergency measure the system of exchange and import controls. The controls system was carried on by President Magsaysay and Garcia. The first fundamental decision Macapagal had to make

4150-523: The government. Macapagal, however, prevented Diokno from prosecuting Stonehill by deporting the American instead, then dismissing Diokno from the cabinet. Diokno questioned Macapagal's actions, saying, "How can the government now prosecute the corrupted when it has allowed the corrupter to go?" Diokno later served as a senator. Macapagal appealed to nationalist sentiments by shifting the commemoration of Philippine independence day. On May 12, 1962, he signed

4233-467: The incumbent president with a 55% to 45% margin. His inauguration as the president of the Philippines took place on December 30, 1961. The chief justice of the Supreme Court administered the oath of office. The Bible that Macapagal used was later used by his daughter Gloria when she took her oath as Vice President in 1998 and as President in 2004. In his inaugural address, Macapagal promised

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4316-423: The intention of distributing them in small lots to the landless tenants on easy term of payment. It is a major development in history of land reform in the Philippines , In comparison with the previous agrarian legislation, the law lowered the retention limit to 75 hectares, whether owned by individuals or corporations. It removed the term "contiguous" and established the leasehold system. The share- tenancy or

4399-526: The lassitude …... of the Saigon government. In part ... the South Vietnam leaders were preoccupied with political jockeying. ... In addition, Saigon appeared to believe that the program was a public relations campaign directed at the American people." The senatorial election was held on November 12, 1963. Macapagal's Liberal Party (LP) won four out of the eight seats up for grabs during

4482-502: The masses. He savored calling himself the "Poor boy from Lubao". Ironically, he had little popularity among the masses. This could be attributed to an absence any charismatic appeal owing to his stiff personality. But despite this, Macapagal had certain achievements. Foremost of these was the Agricultural Land Reform Code of 1963 (Republic Act No. 3844) which provided for the purchase of private farmlands with

4565-571: The most insistent on the evangelization of Muslims. This attitude cost them (the Jesuits) a few casualties on account of extreme zeal. It is proposed that the fifth stage in the history of the Moro Wars began with the refortification of Zamboanga in 1718 and ended in the Spanish failure in the eighteenth century to reduce the Muslim states to vassalage. To achieve this political end, and Spanish plan

4648-469: The mouth of the Malaig river were frequently fired upon, with the result that a camp of men from the 15th Infantry was established at the river. The Moros were invited in for parleys and many of them came in and abandoned the outlaw life to return peacefully to their homes. A number of the Moros, however, chose to ignore the American request for conciliation, and after a perty commanded by Lieutenant Furlong

4731-532: The ninth President of the Philippines , serving from 1961 to 1965, and the sixth Vice President , serving from 1957 to 1961. He also served as a member of the House of Representatives , and headed the Constitutional Convention of 1970 . He was the father of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo , who followed his path as President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010. Known as "the poor boy from Lubao," he

4814-425: The party came to a cotta, well fortified and surrounded with a moat filled with brush. Resistance being encountered, the soldiers cut through the brush with their bayonets and assaulted the fort. The first soldier to reach the cotta walls was attacked from the rear by a Moro with a kris. Hearing the cry of the soldier, Lieutenant Burr hurried to his assistance, killing the Moro with a pistol. Another Moro sprang from

4897-456: The pervasive spread of Islam in Mindanao is attributed, and from whom all the leading sultans of that island have claimed descent, can be calculated to have taken place around the second decade of the sixteenth century. (Majul, 1973) From the above-mentioned marriage alliances came the Moro dynasties of Maguindanao , Buayan, and Butig. From the Maranaos of Butig, Islam was then introduced to

4980-656: The province and the inhabitants thereat are connected to all the Seventeen Royal Houses of Lanao. By tradition, any individual who has no blood line in Butig cannot hold any recognized Royal Title in the Sultanate of Lanao. Clashes between the Philippine military and a local terrorist organization known as the Maute group which is believed to have ties with Jemaah Islamiyah started on February 20, 2016, after

5063-425: The real reason for the change: "When I was in the diplomatic corps, I noticed that nobody came to our receptions on the Fourth of July , but went to the American Embassy instead. So, to compete, I decided we needed a different holiday." On September 12, 1962, during President Diosdado Macapagal's administration, the territory of eastern North Borneo (now Sabah ), and the full sovereignty, title and dominion over

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5146-447: The rival Nacionalista Party to oppose Macapagal. Among the issues raised against the incumbent administration were graft and corruption, rise in consumer goods, and persisting peace and order issues. Macapagal was defeated by Marcos in the November 1965 polls . Macapagal announced his retirement from politics following his 1965 loss to Marcos. In 1971, he was elected president of the constitutional convention that drafted what became

5229-420: The shelter of the bush and struck Burr before he could turn to defend himself, dealing the American officer a terrible blow on the head with a campilane. Burr died a few days later in the hospital at Camp Kiethley. During the years 1908 and 1909, and for a number of years afterwards, the Butig Mountain range and the Lake Lanao and Buldun sections of Mindanao were infested with outlaw bands ranging in size from

5312-571: The social overhead like roads, airfields and ports that directly or proximately promote economic growth, (2) to adopt fiscal and monetary policies salutary to investments, and most importantly (3) to serve as an entrepreneur or promote of basic and key private industries, particularly those that require capital too large for businessmen to put up by themselves. Among the enterprises he selected for active government promotion were integrated steel , fertilizer , pulp , meat canning and tourism. Like Ramon Magsaysay , President Diosdado Macapagal came from

5395-526: The spirit of consensus. However, it was also perceived as a tactic on the parts of Jakarta and Manila to delay, or even prevent, the formation of the Federation of Malaysia . Manila had its own claim to Sabah (formerly British North Borneo ), and Jakarta protested the formation of Malaysia as a British imperialist plot. The plan failed when Sukarno adopted his plan of " konfrontasi " with Malaysia. The Konfrontasi, or Confrontation basically aimed at preventing Malaysia from attaining independence. The idea

5478-443: The territory were ceded by heirs of the Sultanate of Sulu , Sultan Muhammad Esmail E. Kiram I, to the Republic of the Philippines. The cession effectively gave the Philippine government the full authority to pursue their claim in international courts. The Philippines broke diplomatic relations with Malaysia after the federation had included Sabah in 1963. It was revoked in 1989 because succeeding Philippine administrations have placed

5561-414: The time of President Corazon C. Aquino. Poverty Incidence of Butig Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Pindolonan National High School is located in the municipality. Diosdado Macapagal Diosdado Pangan Macapagal Sr. GCrM , KGCR ( Tagalog: [djosˈdado makapaˈɡal] ; September 28, 1910 – April 21, 1997) was a Filipino lawyer, poet and politician who served as

5644-401: The time the fourth-highest post in the Philippine Foreign Office. On the urging of local political leaders of Pampanga province, President Quirino recalled Macapagal from his position in Washington to run for a seat in the House of Representatives representing the 1st district of Pampanga . The district's incumbent, Representative Amado Yuzon , was a friend of Macapagal, but was opposed by

5727-419: The town but were driven from their positions by Philippine Army troops after about a week of fighting. Butig is politically subdivided into 16 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios . Butig had forty four (44) barangays during the time of Mayor Sultan Macabayao M. Macadato until 1979, but reduced to only sixteen (16) barangays when Sangcad S. Bao took over as OIC-Mayor during

5810-429: The transfer of the landlordism from one area to another. This was because landlords were paid in bonds, which he could use to purchase agricultural lands. Likewise, the farmer was free to choose to be excluded from the leasehold arrangements if he volunteered to give up the landholdings to the landlord. Within two years after the law was implemented, no land was being purchased under its term and conditions caused by

5893-443: Was a native of Lubao, Pampanga . Macapagal graduated from the University of the Philippines and University of Santo Tomas , both in Manila , after which he worked as a lawyer for the government. He first won the election in 1949 to the House of Representatives, representing the 1st district in his home province of Pampanga . In 1957, he became vice president under the rule of President Carlos P. Garcia , whom he later defeated in

5976-546: Was abandoned, and 1718 when it was refortified, there was an interlude in the Moro Wars, which allowed the sultanates to become better organized and their Islamic institutions to be reinforced. Vigorous commercial relations with other principalities were initiated. It was around this time, too that the Sulu Sultanate acquired the North Borneo territory from the Sultan of Brunei as a grateful recompense for armed intervention in

6059-429: Was blocked by the opposition led by Senate President Ferdinand Marcos who deserted Macapagal's Liberal Party and defected to the Nacionalista Party . The U.S. government 's active interest in bringing other nations into the war had been part of U.S. policy discussions as early as 1961. President Lyndon Johnson first publicly appealed for other countries to come to the aid of South Vietnam on April 23, 1964–in what

6142-581: Was called the "More Flags" program. Chester Cooper, former director of Asian affairs for the White House, explained why the impetus came from the United States instead of from the Republic of South Vietnam: "The 'More Flags' campaign ... required the application of considerable pressure for Washington to elicit any meaningful commitments. One of the more exasperating aspects of the search…was

6225-430: Was devised to convert the sultans of Sulu and Maguindanao preparatory to the eventual conversion of the datus and other subjects. In this stage, the combined Sulu-Maranao attack to capture Zamboanga in 1719 failed. Again, a desultory war followed. The plan to convert the sultans failed in the case of Maguindanao. Although 'Azim-ud-Din, the sultan deposed by his brother, was baptized in Manila in 1751, that action did not have

6308-455: Was during this period that he married his friend's sister, Purita de la Rosa, in 1938. He had two children with de la Rosa, Cielo and Arturo. Macapagal raised enough money to continue his studies at the University of Santo Tomas . He also gained the assistance of philanthropist Don Honorio Ventura, the secretary of the interior at the time, who financed his education. He also received financial support from his mother's relatives, notably from

6391-582: Was fired upon, an American offensive was undertaken. Sultan Mangatung was killed. Colonel J. F. Hutton took the field at the head of three columns of troops in the Butig Mountains. The soldiers were fired upon from the cottas but after eight serious engagements all of the outlaws in the district were annihilated. Upon completion of these operations in Mindanao, a short period of peace ensued, to be broken by rumblings in Jolo. Atty. Dimnatang Labay Pansar

6474-409: Was guaranteed by a more intensive Islamization of their neighbors such as Brunei and Ternate. The royal families of Brunei and Sulu became intimately related, as did those of Maguindanao and Ternate. Commercial relations and religious dialogue expanded among the peoples of these regions ... thus generating a sense of community transcending regional frontiers or dynastic loyalties. (Majul, 1973) In 1658,

6557-737: Was inspired onto President Sukarno by the Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI), or literally the Indonesian Communist Party . The party convinced President Sukarno that the formation of Malaysia is a form of neo-colonization and would affect tranquility in Indonesia. The subsequent development of ASEAN almost certainly excludes any possibility of the project ever being revived. Before the end of his term in 1965, President Diosdado Macapagal persuaded Congress to send troops to South Vietnam . However this proposal

6640-539: Was the choice between the democratic and dictatorial systems, the latter prevailing in communist countries. On this, the choice was easy as Filipinos had long been committed to the democratic method. With the democratic mechanism, however, the next choice was between free enterprise and the continuing of the controls system. Macapagal stated the essence of free enterprise in layman parlance in declaring before Congress on January 22, 1962, that "the task of economic development belongs principally to private enterprise and not to

6723-595: Was the daughter of José Pingul Lingad and Gregoria Malit Bartolo. Diosdado's family earned extra income by raising pigs and accommodating boarders in their home. Due to his roots in poverty, Macapagal would later become affectionately known as the "Poor Boy from Lubao". Diosdado was also a reputed poet in the Spanish language although his poetic work was eclipsed by his political career. Macapagal excelled in his studies at local public schools, graduating valedictorian from Lubao Elementary School, and salutatorian at Pampanga High School . He finished his pre-law course at

6806-434: Was the third of five children in a poor family. His father was Urbano Romero Macapagal, a poet who wrote in the local Pampangan language , and his mother was Romana Pangan Macapagal, daughter of Atanacio Miguel Pangan (a former cabeza de barangay of Gutad, Floridablanca, Pampanga ) and Lorenza Suing Antiveros. Urbano's mother, Escolástica Romero Macapagal, was a midwife and schoolteacher who taught catechism . Diosdado

6889-422: Was whether to continue the system of exchange controls of Quirino, Magsaysay and Garcia or to return to the free enterprise of Quezon, Osmena and Roxas. It had been his view since he was a congressman for eight years that the suitable economic system for Filipinos was free enterprise. So on January 21, 1962, after working for 20 straight hours he signed a Central Bank decree abolishing exchange controls and returning

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