28-599: Bucca may refer to: Bucca (mythological creature) , a mythological creature of Cornish origin Bucca (founder of Buckingham) , seventh-century Anglo-Saxon founder of Buckingham, England Bucca, Queensland , a locality in the Bundaberg Region, Queensland, Australia Camp Bucca , a U.S. military prison camp in Iraq Cheek , Latin term being bucca People with
56-759: A North Germanic linguistic group of the Early Middle Ages , during which they spoke the Old Norse language . The language belongs to the North Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages and is the predecessor of the modern Germanic languages of Scandinavia . During the late eighth century, Scandinavians embarked on a large-scale expansion in all directions, giving rise to the Viking Age . In English-language scholarship since
84-589: Is a male sea-spirit in Cornish folklore , a merman , that inhabited mines and coastal communities as a hobgoblin during storms. The mythological creature is a type of water spirit likely related to the Púca from Irish , the Pwca from Welsh folklore , and the female mari-morgans , a type of mermaid from Welsh and Breton mythology . Rev W. S. Lach-Szyrma , one 19th-century writer on Cornish antiquities, suggested
112-768: The Creation of the World the Bucca is mentioned and some believe that the word is a borrowing into Cornish from Old English 'puca'. Use of the term Púka in Ireland , however, may predate the arrival of Norse settlers and could be an alternative origin of the word with considerable cultural exchange with Ireland occurring in the Early Christian era . The Welsh name 'Bucca', according to Margaret Murray, derives from an ancient Slavonic word referring to 'a spirit'. In 1890,
140-643: The Danes , Icelanders , Faroe Islanders , Norwegians , and Swedes , who are now generally referred to as " Scandinavians " rather than Norsemen. The word Norseman first appears in English during the early 19th century: the earliest attestation given in the third edition of the Oxford English Dictionary is from Walter Scott 's 1817 Harold the Dauntless . The word was coined using
168-586: The Varangian Guard . Modern Scandinavian languages have a common word for Norsemen: the word nordbo ( Swedish : nordborna , Danish : nordboerne , Norwegian : nordboerne , or nordbuane in the definite plural ) is used for both ancient and modern people living in the Nordic countries and speaking one of the North Germanic languages . The British conception of the Vikings' origins
196-602: The "storm god of the old Cornish", equating this figure with the Devil. As a bucca-boo this spirit was also invoked by parents as a bogeyman figure to frighten children into proper behaviour, especially those who wouldn't stop crying. Boucca was known to the Basque witches as 'Basa-Juan', the equivalent of the French 'Homme de Bouc', 'Goat man'. In the 19th century a new road was built between Penzance and Land's End and
224-536: The 'Bucca Dhu', the Storm Winds which Cabalis calls 'Boucca Wicca'. Cabalis uses an ancient Slovak rendering 'Boucca'. The links between Ireland and Slovakia are known to stretch back to 1000 BC. "A longstanding historical connection Links between Slovakia and Ireland stretch back to 1000 BC. Celtic tribes living in Central Europe are known to have migrated westwards to Britain and Ireland. Artefacts and
252-434: The 19th century, Norse seafaring traders, settlers and warriors have commonly been referred to as Vikings . Historians of Anglo-Saxon England distinguish between Norse Vikings (Norsemen) from Norway, who mainly invaded and occupied the islands north and north-west of Britain, as well as Ireland and western Britain, and Danish Vikings, who principally invaded and occupied eastern Britain. Modern descendants of Norsemen include
280-469: The Bucca had originally been an ancient pagan deity of the sea such as Irish Nechtan or British Nodens , though his claims are mainly conjecture. Folklore however records votive food offerings made on the beach similar to those made to the subterranean Knockers and may represent some form of continuity with early or pre-Christian Brittonic belief practices. In 1611, in the Cornish language book
308-531: The Cornish folklorist William Bottrell stated that: In keeping with Bottrell's findings, various folkloric investigations around the same time that Bucca seems to have featured in two forms, Bucca Widn (White Bucca) and Bucca Dhu (Black Bucca). Bucca also seems to associated with the wind, in Penzance it was customary to refer to storms that emanated from a southwesterly direction as "Bucca calling"; sailors and fishermen also believe that Bucca's voice carried on
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#1732793224388336-493: The Danish–German border. The southernmost living Vikings lived no further north than Newcastle upon Tyne , and travelled to Britain more from the east than from the north. The Norse Scandinavians established polities and settlements in what are now Great Britain (England, Scotland, Wales), Ireland, Iceland, Russia, Belarus, France, Sicily , Belgium, Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Germany, Poland, Greenland , Canada, and
364-675: The Germans, Lochlanach (Norse) by the Gaels and Dene (Danes) by the Anglo-Saxons. The Gaelic terms Finn-Gall (Norwegian Viking or Norwegian), Dubh-Gall (Danish Viking or Danish) and Gall Goidel (foreign Gaelic) were used for the people of Norse descent in Ireland and Scotland, who assimilated into the Gaelic culture. Dubliners called them Ostmen, or East-people, and
392-538: The Norsemen, for a long time in bonds of captivity to the heathens". In modern scholarship, Vikings is a common term for attacking Norsemen, especially in connection with raids and monastic plundering by Norsemen in the British Isles , but it was not used in this sense at the time. In Old Norse and Old English, the word simply meant 'pirate'. The Norse were also known as Ascomanni , ashmen , by
420-777: The Northmen who visited the Eastern Slavic lands originated. Archaeologists and historians of today believe that these Scandinavian settlements in the East Slavic lands formed the names of the countries of Russia and Belarus . The Slavs and the Byzantines also called them Varangians ( Old Norse : Væringjar , meaning "sworn men"), and the Scandinavian bodyguards of the Byzantine emperors were known as
448-676: The Tolcarne River (main stream at the outskirts of Newlyn ) was bridged; this area was called Bucca's pass. Neopagan groups, principally the Witchcraft coven of Ros An Bucca, have begun to acknowledge the Bucca in their rites. In New Zealand, Bucca Witchcraft (variant spelling Boucca) began as a tradition in 1988. Founded by an Alexandrian initiate. Boucca Wicca is mentioned in New Truth newspaper in 1995. Jean de Cabalis has developed an entire esoteric corpus structured around
476-462: The adjective norse , which was borrowed into English from Dutch during the 16th century with the sense 'Norwegian', and which by Scott's time had acquired the sense "of or relating to Scandinavia or its language, esp[ecially] in ancient or medieval times". As with modern use of the word viking , therefore, the word norseman has no particular basis in medieval usage. The term Norseman does echo terms meaning 'Northman', applied to Norse-speakers by
504-468: The cross') where a stone cross was allegedly once situated. Similar offerings were recorded on the beaches of Mousehole and Newlyn "Town" (the area now known as Newlyn Cliff). The Tale of the Sea Bucca describes the Bucca inhabiting Lamorna Cove with the dark brown skin of a conger eel and a tangle of seaweed for hair and given to swimming in the waves, lying in the sea caverns or sitting among
532-571: The name Oxmanstown (an area in central Dublin; the name is still current) comes from one of their settlements; they were also known as Lochlannaigh , or Lake-people. The Slavs , the Arabs and the Byzantines knew them as the Rus' or Rhōs ( Ῥῶς ), probably derived from various uses of rōþs- , i.e. "related to rowing", or from the area of Roslagen in east-central Sweden, where most of
560-810: The peoples they encountered during the Middle Ages. The Old Frankish word Nortmann ("Northman") was Latinised as Normannus and was widely used in Latin texts. The Latin word Normannus then entered Old French as Normands . From this word came the name of the Normans and of Normandy , which was settled by Norsemen in the tenth century. The same word entered Hispanic languages and local varieties of Latin with forms beginning not only in n- , but in l- , such as lordomanni (apparently reflecting nasal dissimilation in local Romance languages). This form may in turn have been borrowed into Arabic:
588-482: The popular beliefs and practices they found as survivals from or relics of Catholicism, equating such 'survivals' with Paganism. Some also saw the continuation of practices from pre-Christian times. This idea has been discredited in recent years by academic folklorists. although this notion persists in the popular imagination. There is little surprise that the Reverend W. S. Lach-Szyrma should have interpreted Bucca as
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#1732793224388616-679: The prominent early Arabic source al-Mas‘ūdī identified the 844 raiders on Seville not only as Rūs but also al-lawdh’āna . The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , written in Old English , distinguishes between the pagan Norwegian Norsemen ( Norðmenn ) of Dublin and the Christian Danes ( Dene ) of the Danelaw . In 942, it records the victory of King Edmund I over the Norse kings of York: "The Danes were previously subjected by force under
644-786: The remains of their settlements can still be seen including at Devín Castle near Bratislava." EOQ. The Slovak spelling Boucca is used within Brian Bates book 'The Web of Wyrd' to refer to Earth Spirit. In 1997 the Pagan Alliance (New Zealand) newsletter, administrators Jeff & Louise state they are heavily influenced by Boucca Wicca. In the children's book Thomas and the Tinners (1995) by Jill Paton Walsh , Buccas are presented as fairies who work in Cornish tin mines, granting wishes in exchange for food (see knockers ). Norsemen The Norsemen (or Norse people ) were
672-480: The rocks with the birds. He was a very lonely creature who had once been a human prince cursed by a witch, but was very fond of children. He assisted the Lamorna fishermen by driving fish into their nets and crabs into their pots, yet was capable of terrible vengeance and so they avoided him leaving a share of their catch on the beach to placate him. During the 18th and 19th centuries, folklorists generally interpreted
700-529: The surname [ edit ] Dorotea Bucca (1360–1436), Italian noblewoman Eduardo Bucca (born 1979), Argentine politician Leonel Bucca (born 1999), Argentine footballer Ronald Paul Bucca (1954–2001), New York City fire marshal killed during the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks Salvador Bucca (1920–2005), Argentine linguist Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
728-576: The title Bucca . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bucca&oldid=1181591937 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Bucca (mythological creature) Bucca ( Cornish , SWF : bocka , pl. bockas , bockyas )
756-440: The wind. Bucca was also sometimes described as a tin-mining spirit, which may indicate a wider fertility origin than that of the sea. Also in the 19th century, there were reports of fishermen venerating Bucca with offerings. These included food offerings, particularly of fish, given to Bucca on beaches. One such beach used for this purpose was the area of Newlyn known formerly as Park an Grouse (in Cornish meaning 'the field of
784-565: Was inaccurate. Those who plundered Britain lived in what is today Denmark, Scania , the western coast of Sweden and Norway (up to almost the 70th parallel ) and along the Swedish Baltic coast up to around the 60th latitude and Lake Mälaren . They also came from the island of Gotland , Sweden. The border between the Norsemen and more southerly Germanic tribes, the Danevirke , today is located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of
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