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76-544: The establishment was built in 1930 in Spanish baroque style by Atlanta architecture firm Daniell & Beutell and opened on June 2, 1930. Primarily functioning as a second-run movie theater, it also hosted civic functions and concerts of the Buckhead Symphony Orchestra. It was operated by Affiliated Theaters, a subsidiary of McLendon Theatres. Lease holders Davis & Coart sold the lease in 1935 to

152-541: A capital which represents the temptations of Christ . On three of its sides, facing the inside of the temple, two kneeling angels pray. At the foot of the saint there is another capital with the figures of the Holy Trinity . Under the Apostle there is a representation of the tree of Jesse , the name given to the family tree of Jesus Christ from Jesse , father of King David ; this is the first time that this subject

228-528: A rebec , personifies the triumph over evil and is an outstanding Romanesque work, sculpted by Master Esteban. The creation of Adam and Christ's blessing is also shown. Many of these figures come from the Romanesque façade of the north or do Paraíso (current façade of the Acibecharía) and were placed on this façade in the 18th century. In the tympanum of the right door there are several scenes from

304-607: A dark intricate façade sandwiched between the yellow twin towers. Followed the model of Il Gesù (also the case of the Jesuit Basilica and Convent of San Pedro, Lima , provincial "mestizo" (crossbred) styles emerged in Arequipa , Potosí and La Paz . In the eighteenth century, the architects of the region turned for inspiration to the Mudéjar art of medieval Spain. The late Baroque type of Peruvian façade first appears in

380-584: A diameter of 147 cm (58 in) and a height of 150 cm (59 in). Both original bells cracked, forcing their replacement. The current replicas were cast in Asten (Netherlands) by the Eijsbouts house in 1989 and were placed in the cathedral in February 1990. During a Jacobean Holy Year , pilgrims may enter the cathedral through the holy door (Porta Santa) to gain a plenary indulgence . During

456-469: A holy year, the lantern of the Berenguela Tower is lit throughout the year. otherwise it stays unlit. The light acts as a lighthouse to guide pilgrims to the cathedral during the holy years. The cathedral is 97 m (318 ft) long and 22 m (72 ft) high. It preserves its original, barrel-vaulted , cruciform, Romanesque interior. It consists of a nave , two lateral aisles,

532-503: A monumental fountain in front of the north portal in 1122. The city became an episcopal see in 1075 and the church its cathedral. Due to its growing importance as a place of pilgrimage , it was raised to an archiepiscopal see by Pope Callixtus II in 1120. A university was added in 1495. It has been proposed that the peculiar lantern towers of several churches in the Duero valley ( Zamora , Plasencia , Toro , Évora ) were inspired by

608-782: A place of pilgrimage on the Way of St James since the Early Middle Ages and marks the traditional end of the pilgrimage route. The building is a Romanesque structure, with later Gothic and Baroque additions. According to the legend, the apostle Saint James the Great brought Christianity to the Iberian Peninsula. However, in Acts 12 it is written that James was killed on order of Herod in Jerusalem. According to legend,

684-589: A style of stucco decoration. Twin-towered façades of many American cathedrals of the seventeenth century had medieval roots and the full-fledged Baroque did not appear until 1664, when the Jesuit shrine on Plaza des Armas in Cusco was built. Even then, the new style hardly affected the structure of churches. The Peruvian Baroque was particularly lush, as evidenced by the monastery of San Francisco in Lima (1673), which has

760-600: A unifying architecture across the façade. The Clock Tower, also called Torre da Trindade or, Berenguela, is at the intersection of the Pratarías square and the Quintana Square . Traditionally, construction was thought to begin in 1316, at the request of Archbishop Rodrigo del Padrón as a defence tower. After his death his successor, Archbishop Bérenger de Landore , continued work on it, though these dates are questioned by some authors. When he became main master of

836-655: A wide transept , and a choir with radiating chapels. Compared with many other important churches, the interior of this cathedral gives a first impression of austerity until one enters further and sees the magnificent organ and the exuberance of the choir. It is the largest Romanesque church in Spain and one of the largest in Europe. The Portico of Glory ("Pórtico da Gloria" in Galician ) of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela

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912-471: Is Puebla , where a ready supply of hand-painted figurines ( talavera ) and vernacular gray stone led to its evolving further into a personalised and highly localised art form with a pronounced Indian flavour. There are about sixty churches whose façades and domes display glazed tiles of many colours, often arranged in Arabic designs. Their interiors are densely saturated with elaborate gold leaf ornamentation. In

988-510: Is Christ tempted by a group of demons . To the right is a half-dressed woman with a skull in her hands, which could be Eve or the adulterous woman. This figure is not praying on her knees but is sitting on two lions. The jambs are Saint Andrew and Moses . In the left abutment, the Biblical King David seated on his throne with his legs crossed, translucent through the thin fabric of his clothes, and playing what appears to be

1064-589: Is God the Creator who blesses the pilgrim and holds the Book of Eternal Truth; to his right are Adam (naked), Abraham (with the index raised), and Jacob . With them are two figures that could be Noah (new father of humanity saved through the Flood) and Esau or Isaac and Judah . To the left of God are Eve , Moses , Aaron , King David and Solomon . In the second archivolt, the top, ten small figures represent

1140-442: Is a Romanesque portico by Master Mateo and his workshop commissioned by King Ferdinand II of León . To commemorate its completion in 1188, the date was carved on a stone and set in the cathedral, and the lintels were placed on the portico. Finalising the complete three-piece set took until 1211, when the temple was consecrated in the presence of King Alfonso IX of León . The portico has three round arches that correspond to

1216-529: Is a covered narthex . This façade has become a symbol of the cathedral and the city of Santiago de Compostela. As such, it is the engraving on the back of the Spanish euro coins of 1, 2 and 5 cents. The façade of the Silverware (Pratarías in Galician) is the southern façade of the transept of the cathedral of Santiago de Compostela; it is the only Romanesque façade that is preserved in the cathedral. It

1292-594: Is a strand of Baroque architecture that evolved in Spain , its provinces , and former colonies . The development of the style passed through three phases. Between 1680 and 1720, the Churriguera popularized Guarini 's blend of Solomonic columns and Composite order , known as the "supreme order". Between 1720 and 1760, the Churrigueresque column, or estipite , in the shape of an inverted cone or obelisk,

1368-785: Is an integral component of the Santiago de Compostela World Heritage Site in Galicia , Spain . The cathedral is the reputed burial place of Saint James the Great , one of the apostles of Jesus Christ . It is also among the remaining churches in the world built over the tomb of an apostle, the other ones being St Peter's Basilica in Vatican City , St Thomas Cathedral Basilica in Chennai , India and Basilica of St. John in Izmir , Turkey . The archcathedral basilica has historically been

1444-464: Is known as the "Spanish Versailles"), but with local spatial conceptions which in some ways display the heritage of the Moorish occupation. In the richest imperial province of 17th-century Spain, Flanders , florid decorative detailing was more tightly knit to the structure, thus precluding concerns of superfluity. A remarkable convergence of Spanish, French and Dutch Baroque aesthetics may be seen in

1520-410: Is named a convent just opposite). On this door niches contain the image of James, with his disciples Athanasius and Theodore at his side. On the bottom and sides of the door were placed twenty-four figures of prophets and apostles (including St. James) coming from the old stone choir of Master Mateo. Inside this door through a small courtyard is the true Holy Door, which enters into the ambulatory of

1596-569: Is popularly known as Santo dos Croques from the ancient tradition of students hitting their heads against the figure for wisdom, a tradition that was adopted later by pilgrims , although steps are being taken to limit access, to stem deterioration from which the work has suffered. In the columns of the central door and two side doors, the apostles are represented, as well as prophets and other figures with their iconographic attributes. All are topped with its own capital which represents different animals and human heads with leaf motifs. The names of all

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1672-535: Is represented in religious iconography in the Iberian Peninsula . The column rests on a base where there is a figure with beard to his chest (perhaps an image of Noah ) and two lions. At the foot of the central column at the top inside, looking towards the main altar of the cathedral, there is the kneeling figure of the Master Mateo himself, holding a sign on which is written Architectus . This image

1748-459: Is shown, with the image of Christ in Majesty, displaying in his hands and feet the wounds of crucifixion . Surrounding Christ is the tetramorph with the figures of the four Evangelists with their attributes: left, top St. John and the eagle and below St. Luke with the ox; on the right above, St. Matthew on the hood of the tax collector and below St. Mark and the lion. On both sides of

1824-851: Is the Sagrario Metropolitano in Mexico City (1718–69). Other fine examples of the style may be found in the remote silver-mining towns. For instance, the Sanctuary at Ocotlán (begun in 1745) is a top-notch Baroque cathedral surfaced in bright red tiles, which contrast delightfully with a plethora of compressed ornament lavishly applied to the main entrance and the slender flanking towers ( exterior , interior ). The Church of Santa Prisca de Taxco (1758), and San Martín at San Luis Potosí (1764) are other excellent examples of Churrigueresque in Mexico. The true capital of Mexican Baroque

1900-525: The Abbey of Averbode (1667). Another characteristic example is the Church of St. Michel at Louvain (1650–70), with its exuberant two-storey façade, clusters of half-columns, and the complex aggregation of French-inspired sculptural detailing. Six decades later, the architect Jaime Bort y Meliá was the first to introduce Rococo to Spain ( Cathedral of Murcia , west façade, 1733). The greatest practitioner of

1976-616: The Passion of Christ and the Adoration of the Magi . In one of the jambs is the inscription commemorating the laying of the stone: Registration follows the Roman calendar , according to the computation of the Spanish era , corresponding to July 11, 1078. An image, unidentified, of a fox eating a rabbit and, against this, a badly dressed woman with an animal in her lap. Supported on the wall of

2052-588: The Plaza Mayor and in the Royal Buen Retiro Palace , which was destroyed during the French invasion by Napoleon's troops. Its gardens still remain as Parque del Buen Retiro . This sober brick Baroque of the 17th century is still well represented in the streets of the capital in palaces and squares. Three of the most eye-catching creations of Spanish Baroque are the energetic façades of

2128-490: The True Cross . The crypt, below the main altar, shows the substructure of the 9th-century church. This was the final destination of the pilgrims . The crypt houses the relics of Saint James and two of his disciples: Saint Theodorus and Saint Athanasius. The silver reliquary (by José Losada, 1886) was put in the crypt at the end of the 19th century, after authentication of the relics by Pope Leo XIII in 1884. Throughout

2204-627: The University of Valladolid ( Diego Tome and Fray Pedro de la Visitación , 1719), the western façade (or Fachada del Obradoiro) of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela ( Fernando de Casas y Novoa , 1750), and the Hospicio de San Fernando in Madrid ( Pedro de Ribera , 1722), whose curvilinear extravagance seems to herald Antonio Gaudí and Modernisme . In this case as in many others,

2280-617: The apse of the church. The early towers in the main façade of the cathedral were Romanesque (current façade of the Obradoiro). They are called the Torre das Campás, which is situated on the side of the Epistle (right) and Torre da Carraca, to the side of the Gospel (left). The two have a height of between 75 and 80 metres. The first part of the tower was built in the 12th century, but in

2356-453: The 15th century several modifications were made and King Louis XI of France donated in 1483 the two largest of the thirteen bells . Due to a tilt that was detected in its structure between the 16th and 17th centuries, the towers had to be reinforced with buttresses , between 1667 and 1670. The towers housing the bells were made by José de la Peña de Toro (1614–1676) in a baroque style, and completed by Domingo de Andrade. The architecture of

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2432-659: The 18th century, local artisans developed a distinctive brand of white stucco decoration, named "alfeñique" after a Pueblan candy made from egg whites and sugar. The combination of the Native American and Moorish decorative influences with an extremely expressive interpretation of the Churrigueresque idiom may account for the full-bodied and varied character of the Baroque in the American colonies of Spain. Even more than its Spanish counterpart, American Baroque developed as

2508-591: The Acibecharía façade by Ferro Caaveiro and Fernández Sarela, later modified by Ventura Rodríguez. The Pratarías façade, built by the Master Esteban in 1103, and most importantly the Pórtico da Gloria, an early work of Romanesque sculpture , were completed by Master Mateo in 1188. The Obradoiro square in front of the façade alludes to the workshop ( Galician : obradoiro ) of stonemasons who worked on

2584-508: The Archbishop Rafael de Vélez  [ es ] . As part of its mechanism it has two bells , one, at the hour, called Berenguela, and a smaller one marking the quarter hours. These two were cast in 1729 by Güemes Sampedro. Berenguela has a diameter of 255 cm (100 in) and a height of 215 cm (85 in), weighing approximately 9,600 kg (21,200 lb), and the smaller weighs 1,839 kg (4,054 lb) with

2660-588: The Church of Our Lady of Mercy, Lima (1697–1704). Similarly, the Iglesia de La Compañia , Quito (1722–65) suggests a carved altarpiece with its richly sculpted façade and a surfeit of Solomonic column . Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela The Santiago de Compostela Arch cathedral Basilica ( Spanish and Galician : Catedral Basílica de Santiago de Compostela ) is part of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela and

2736-450: The Romanesque dome of Santiago, substituted by a Gothic one in the 15th century. The cathedral was expanded and embellished with additions in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. Each of the façades along with their adjoining squares constitute a large urban square. The Baroque façade of the Praza do Obradoiro square was completed by Fernando de Casas Novoa in 1740. Also in baroque style is

2812-577: The Son. To the right of these heads, Hell is represented with figures of monsters ( demons ) that drag and torture the souls of the damned. On the left is Heaven with the elect, with figures of angels with children symbolizing the saved souls . The arch of the left door depicts scenes from the Old Testament , with the righteous awaiting the arrival of the Savior. In the center of the first archivolt

2888-676: The Spanish Rococo style was a native master, Ventura Rodríguez , responsible for the dazzling interior of the Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar in Zaragoza (1750). In the north, the richest province of 18th-century New Spain – Mexico – produced some fantastically extravagant and visually frenetic architecture known as Mexican Churrigueresque. This ultra-Baroque approach culminates in the works of Lorenzo Rodriguez , whose masterpiece

2964-574: The baroque. At the top of the façade is an 18th-century statue of St. James, with two kings in prayer at his feet: Alfonso III of Asturias and Ordoño II of León . In the centre is the statue of Faith. The façade of the cathedral that overlooks the Plaza de la Quintana has two gates: the Porta Real (royal gate) and the Porta Santa (holy gate). The construction of the Porta Real, baroque,

3040-515: The beasts) with situations that can only be saved by human intelligence (the heads of older men). The arch of the right door represents the Last Judgment . The double archivolt is divided into two equal parts by two heads. Some authors identify these heads with the figures of archangel Michael and Christ. For others, they are Christ-Judge and an angel or may indicate God the Father and God

3116-478: The bells, carried by local Christian captives to Córdoba , were added to the Aljama Mosque . When Córdoba was taken by king Ferdinand III of Castile in 1236, these same gates and bells were then transported by Muslim captives to Toledo , to be inserted in the Cathedral of Saint Mary of Toledo . Construction of the present cathedral began in 1075 under the reign of Alfonso VI of Castile (1040–1109) and

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3192-539: The blessed, forty in all. In the archivolt of the central tympanum are seated the elders of the Apocalypse , each holding a musical instrument, as if preparing a concert in honor of God. In the mullion, the figure of Saint James is seated with a pilgrim 's staff, as a patron of the basilica. St. James appears with a scroll which contains written Misit me Dominus (the Lord sent me). The column just above his head with

3268-418: The cathedral through this door, hence its name, and the royal coat of arms on its lintel . The holy door (Porta Santa) or Door of Forgiveness (Porta do Perdón) is the closest to the steps. It is usually closed with a fence and opened only in a Jacobean holy year (years when Saint James' Day , 25 July, falls on a Sunday). It was one of the seven lesser gates and was dedicated to St. Pelagius (for whom

3344-428: The cathedral, Domingo de Andrade continued with its construction and between 1676 and 1680 raised it two floors higher; the use of various structures achieved a harmonious and ornamental design, with a pyramid-shaped crown and a lantern as a final element, with four light bulbs permanently lit. It rises to 75 m (246 ft). In 1833, a clock was placed on each side of the tower by Andrés Antelo, commissioned by

3420-684: The company Terry McDaniel of Montgomery. In 1961, it converted to a first run policy and joined the Weis Theater chain as the Capri Theatre. In the mid-1980s, it was called Buckhead Cinema ‘N’ Drafthouse, until it was converted into the Coca-Cola Roxy Theatre . A significant Atlanta concert venue in the 1990s and most of the 2000s, the Roxy finally closed after Live Nation and Clear Channel ended their lease in 2008. It

3496-460: The course of time, the burial place of the saint had been almost forgotten. Because of regular Dutch and English incursions, the relics had been transferred in 1589 from their place under the main altar to a safer place. They were rediscovered in January 1879. A dome above the crossing contains the pulley mechanism to swing the " Botafumeiro ", which is a famous thurible found in this church. It

3572-414: The design involves a play of tectonic and decorative elements with little relation to structure and function. The focus of the florid ornamentation is an elaborately sculptured surround to a main doorway. If we remove the intricate maze of broken pediments, undulating cornices, stucco shells, inverted tapers and garlands from the rather plain wall it is set against, the building's form would not be affected in

3648-421: The entrance to the old 12th century Romanesque crypt of the Master Mateo , popularly called the "Old Cathedral". According to Manuel Gago Mariño , the sculptures at the base of the Maximilian Staircase of the cathedral, built by Maximilian of Austria are also related to the Battle of Clavijo . Between the existing plane of the façade of the Obradoiro and the old Romanesque portal (Pórtico da Gloria) there

3724-409: The evangelists, behind Mark and Luke, there are four angels on each side with the instruments of the Passion of Christ. Some are, without touching them directly, the cross and crown of thorns (left) and lance and four nails (right), another the column in which he was whipped and the jar through which Pontius Pilate proclaimed his innocence. Above the heads of these angels, two large groups of souls of

3800-426: The figures are on the books or scrolls held in their hands. The four pillars of the portico are based on strong foundations which represent various groups of animals and human heads with beards. For some historians, these figures are images of demons and symbolize the weight of glory (the portico in this case) crushing sin . Other sources give an apocalyptic interpretation, with wars, famine and death (represented by

3876-488: The interventions of Paseo del Prado ( Salón del Prado and Alcalá Doorgate) in the same city, deserve special mention. They were constructed in a sober Baroque international style, often mistaken for neoclassical, by the kings Philip V and Charles III . The Royal Palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso in Segovia and the Royal Palace of Aranjuez in Aranjuez are good examples of Baroque integration of architecture and gardening, with noticeable French influence (La Granja

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3952-408: The late 19th century. The original provision of the iconographic elements was invalidated since in the 18th century numerous images were introduced recovered from the dismantled Acibecharía façade. A central medallion shows the Eternal Father (or Transfiguration ) with open hands and on the top surface there are four angels with trumpets heralding the Final Judgment. In the tympanum of the left door

4028-402: The late sixteenth century. As early as 1667, the façades of Granada Cathedral (by Alonso Cano ) and Jaén Cathedral (by Eufrasio López de Rojas ) suggest the artists' fluency in interpreting traditional motifs of Spanish cathedral architecture in the Baroque aesthetic idiom. In Madrid , a vernacular Baroque with its roots in Herrerian and in traditional brick construction was developed in

4104-421: The left depicts his father Zebedee . The balustrade on the left side depicts St. Susanna and St. John and the one on the right depicts St. Barbara and James the Less. The Maximilian Staircase allows entrance to the façade. The stair was made in the 17th century by Ginés Martínez and it is of Renaissance style inspired by Giacomo Vignola of Palazzo Farnese . It is diamond-shaped with two ramps that surround

4180-434: The patronage of bishop Diego Peláez . It was built according to the same plan as the monastic brick church of Saint Sernin in Toulouse, probably the greatest Romanesque edifice in France. It was built mostly in granite . Construction was halted several times and, according to the Liber Sancti Iacobi , the last stone was laid in 1122. But by then, the construction of the cathedral was certainly not finished. The cathedral

4256-466: The rest of granite . In the center are the figures of twelve prophets and the Apostles on the sideline. On the tympanums is a large frieze separated from the upper body by a strip supported by grotesque corbels; on this floor are two windows decorated with Romanesque archivolts. In the central frieze is Christ, with various characters and scenes. On the right six figures belong to the Stone choir of Master Mateo  [ es ] that were placed in

4332-414: The saint's mantle via a narrow passage behind the altar. In the choir aisle the lattice work and the vault of the Mondragon chapel (1521) stand out. The radiating chapels constitute a museum of paintings, retables, reliquaries and sculptures, accumulated throughout the centuries. In the Chapel of the Reliquary ( Galician : Capela do Relicario ) is a gold crucifix, dated 874, containing an alleged piece of

4408-432: The side aisles around the church. The choir is covered by three bays and surrounded with an ambulatory and five radiating chapels. The vault of the apse is pierced by round windows, forming a clerestory . The choir displays a surprising exuberance in this Romanesque setting. An enormous baldachin , with a sumptuous decorated statue of Saint James from the 13th century, rises above the main altar. The pilgrims can kiss

4484-487: The slightest. However, Churrigueresque Baroque offered some of the most impressive combinations of space and light with buildings like Granada Charterhouse (sacristy by Francisco Hurtado Izquierdo ), considered to be the apotheosis of Churrigueresque styles applied to interior spaces, or El Transparente of the Cathedral of Toledo by Narciso Tomé , where sculpture and architecture are integrated to achieve notable light dramatic effects. The Royal Palace of Madrid and

4560-449: The sobriety of the Herreresque classicism and promoted an intricate, exaggerated, almost capricious style of surface decoration known as the Churrigueresque . Within half a century, they transformed Salamanca into an exemplary Churrigueresque city. As Italian Baroque influences penetrated across the Pyrenees , they gradually superseded in popularity the restrained classicizing approach of Juan de Herrera , which had been in vogue since

4636-408: The square during the construction of the cathedral. In order to protect the Pórtico da Gloria from deterioration caused by weather, this façade and towers have had several reforms since the 16th century. In the 18th century it was decided to build the current Baroque façade, designed by Fernando de Casas Novoa . It has large glazed windows that illuminate the ancient Romanesque façade, located between

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4712-413: The three naves of the church, supported by thick piers with pilasters . The central arch, twice as wide as the other two, has a tympanum and is divided by a central column—a mullion —containing a depiction of Saint James . Vertically, the lower part is formed by the bases of the columns, decorated with fantastic animals, the middle portion consists of columns adorned with statues of the Apostles , and

4788-411: The tomb in Santiago was rediscovered in AD 814 by Pelagius the Hermit , after he witnessed strange lights in the night sky above the Libredon forest. Bishop Theodomirus of Iria recognized this as a miracle and informed king Alfonso II of Asturias and Galicia (791–842). The king ordered the construction of a chapel on the site. Legend has it that the king was the first pilgrim to this shrine. This

4864-407: The tower Berenguela appear other images representing the creation of Eve, Christ on a throne, and the Binding of Isaac . The façade "da Acibecharía" (Galician name derived from the jet gemstone) is in the Praza da Inmaculada or Acibecharía, draining the last section of urban roads: French , Primitive , Northern and English through the old gate Franxígena or Paradise door. The Romanesque portal

4940-474: The towers has a great effect in perspective with its vertical lines and the sequencing of its floors. It is located to the left of the façade del Obradoiro, and was built – like its partner – on the opposite side of an earlier tower of the Romanesque period. It was designed by Fernando de Casas Novoa in 1738, imitating the bell towers by Peña de Toro and Domingo de Andrade in the 17th century: baroque decorations adorned all kinds of ornamentation that provided

5016-400: The towers of the Bells and of the Ratchet. In the middle of the central body is St. James and one level below his two disciples Athanasius and Theodore, all dressed as pilgrims . In between, the urn (representing the found tomb) and the star (representing the lights Hermit Pelagius saw) between angels and clouds. The tower on the right depicts Mary Salome , mother of St. James, and the tower on

5092-409: The twelve tribes of Israel . The barrel-vaulted nave and the groin-vaulted aisles consist of eleven bays , while the wide transept consists of six bays. Every clustered pier is flanked by semi-columns, three of which carry the cross vaults of the side aisles and the truss of the arched vaults, while the fourth reaches to the spring of the vault. Lit galleries run, at a remarkable height, above

5168-411: The upper part supports the base of the arches crowning the three doors. The sculpture is intended to serve as an iconographic representation of various symbols derived from the Book of Revelation and books of the Old Testament. The arrangement of the tympanum is based on the description of Christ that John the Evangelist makes in Revelation ( Chapter 1 v 1 to 18). In the centre, the Pantocrator

5244-434: Was begun under the direction of José de Vega y Verdugo and by José de la Peña de Toro in 1666, and was completed by Domingo de Andrade in 1700, who built some of the columns that span two floors of windows, a balustrade with large pinnacles , and an aedicula with an equestrian statue of Saint James (now disappeared), well adorned with decorative fruit clusters and large-scale military trophies. The kings of Spain entered

5320-414: Was built between 1103 and 1117 and elements from other parts of the cathedral have been added in subsequent years. The square is bound by the cathedral and cloister on two sides. Next to the cathedral is the Casa do Cabido . It has two entrance doors in degradation with archivolts and historical tympanums. The archivolts are attached over eleven columns, three are of white marble (middle and corners) and

5396-410: Was built in 1122 by Bernardo, treasurer of the temple. This portal was demolished after suffering a fire in 1758; some sculptural pieces that were saved were placed on the façade das Pratarías. The new façade was designed in Baroque style by Lucas Ferro Caaveiro and finished by Domingo Lois Monteagudo and Clemente Fernández Sarela in the neoclassical style in 1769, although it retained some traces of

5472-477: Was consecrated in 1211 in the presence of king Alfonso IX of Leon . According to the Codex Calixtinus the architects were "Bernard the elder, a wonderful master", his assistants Robertus Galperinus and, later possibly, "Esteban, master of the cathedral works". In the last stage "Bernard, the younger" was finishing the building, while Galperinus was in charge of the coordination. He also constructed

5548-425: Was created by the goldsmith José Losada in 1851. The Santiago de Compostela Botafumeiro is the largest censer in the world, weighing 80 kg (180 lb) and measuring 1.60 m (5.2 ft) in height. It is normally on exhibition in the library of the cathedral, but during certain important religious holidays it is attached to the pulley mechanism, filled with 40 kg (88 lb) of charcoal and incense. In

5624-517: Was established as a central element of ornamental decoration. The years from 1760 to 1780 saw a gradual shift of interest away from twisted movement and excessive ornamentation toward a neoclassical balance and sobriety. In contrast to the art of Northern Europe, the Spanish art of the period appealed to the emotions rather than seeking to please the intellect. The Churriguera family, which specialized in designing altars and retables, revolted against

5700-450: Was followed by the first church in AD 829 and then in AD 899 by a pre-Romanesque church, ordered by king Alfonso III of León , which caused the gradual development of this major place of pilgrimage . In 997 the early church was reduced to ashes by Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir (938–1002), army commander of the caliph of Córdoba . St James' tomb and relics were left undisturbed. The gates and

5776-518: Was then purchased by Aaron's, Inc. , founder Charles Loudermilk. After two years of renovation, the venue reopened in June 2010 under the original name Buckhead Theatre. In 2017, Live Nation resumed control of the theater as sole booker and operator, though Loudermilk retained ownership of the building. Live Nation subsequently spent at least $ 7 million renovating the theater, with work starting in February 2018. Spanish baroque Spanish Baroque

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