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49-481: Apart from rowing, other sports held by the institution are canoe racing , football , swimming , tennis , artistic gymnastics and roller skating . Rowing was introduced in Argentina by British immigrants in the 1870s. A group of enthusiasts joined the port of Buenos Aires with Tigre (then named "Las Conchas") in about 3 hours. The first rowing clubs were Buenos Aires Rowing Club (established in 1873) and

98-420: A broad category of actions. For example, verbs such as stare , gaze , view and peer can also be considered hyponyms of the verb look , which is their hypernym. The meaning relation between hyponyms and hypernyms applies to lexical items of the same word class (that is, part of speech) , and holds between senses rather than words. For instance, the word screwdriver used in the previous example refers to

147-474: A competitive sport can be traced back to the mid-19th century when travelers popularised competitive canoeing in central Europe and North America. Around 1900, the first national and international canoeing federations were formed, leading to international competitions in the first quarter of the 20th century. Male canoeists have competed at the Summer Olympic Games since 1936, and women's canoeing

196-532: A difficult place to access, Tigre had optimal conditions to the practise of rowing. Because of that, the BARC members set a precarious box there to store their boats to be used on weekends. The practise of rowing spread with the establishment of a third club, Rosario Rowing Club (sited in the homonymous city ) in Santa Fe Province , 1887. The yellow fever epidemic on Buenos Aires and the development of

245-569: A distinct advantage due to being more practiced at portaging. Additionally, sprint boats cannot have a foot pump to remove water from the boat, making portages more difficult and chaotic, with equipment sometimes becoming damaged, causing athletes to retire from the race. Canoe sprint races take place on flatwater courses, including lakes, calm rivers, or artificial waterways. Regattas at a national and international level take place on regatta courses, which are typically 2km long and consist of different lanes demarcated by buoys. The colour and placement of

294-523: A dog, it's a bitch" ("That hypernym Z isn't a hyponym Z, it's a hyponym Y"). The term "autohyponym" was coined by linguist Laurence R. Horn in a 1984 paper, Ambiguity, negation, and the London School of Parsimony. Linguist Ruth Kempson had already observed that if there are hyponyms for one part of a set but not another, the hypernym can complement the existing hyponym by being used for the remaining part. For example, fingers describe all digits on

343-412: A hand, but the existence of the word thumb for the first finger means that fingers can also be used for "non-thumb digits on a hand". Autohyponymy is also called "vertical polysemy ". Horn called this "licensed polysemy ", but found that autohyponyms also formed even when there is no other hyponym. Yankee is autohyponymous because it is a hyponym (native of New England) and its hypernym (native of

392-407: A lesser number of female athletes, particularly in canoeing. This is still the case in most nations. Similarly, the 2021 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were the first to have an equal number of events for both women and men, with women being able to race in canoes since the 2010 World Championships . Race categories are defined by gender, boat class, and distance. The distances recognized by

441-498: A more general word than its hyponym, the relation is used in semantic compression by generalization to reduce a level of specialization . The notion of hyponymy is particularly relevant to language translation , as hyponyms are very common across languages. For example, in Japanese the word for older brother is ani ( 兄 ) , and the word for younger brother is otōto ( 弟 ) . An English-to-Japanese translator presented with

490-504: A similarly designed C-4 (which is much shorter and more squat than an 'International' C-4). An antiquated boat class is the C-7, resembling a large C4 which was debuted by the ICF with little success. For racing canoes , the blade is typically short and broad, with a 'power face' on one side that is either flat or scalloped out. The shaft will typically be longer than a tripping canoe paddle, because

539-661: A wood shack was built there. In 1876 the club built another shack in Tigre . In 1885 the club acquired a 1,600 m2 land in the same region where a building would be constructed at a cost of $ 10,000. In 1895 the seat in Riachuelo moved to Dársena Sur ( La Boca ), where the club remained until 1902 when it moved to a shed given by the Municipality of Buenos Aires that had been formerly used as slaughterhouse . The main seat in Tigre

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588-615: Is "An X is a kind/type of Y". The second relation is said to be more discriminating and can be classified more specifically under the concept of taxonomy. If the hypernym Z consists of hyponyms X and Y, then X and Y are identified as co-hyponyms (cohyponyms), also known as coordinate terms. Co-hyponyms are labelled as such when separate hyponyms share the same hypernym but are not hyponyms of one another, unless they happen to be synonymous. For example, screwdriver , scissors , knife , and hammer are all co-hyponyms of one another and hyponyms of tool , but not hyponyms of one another: *"A hammer

637-441: Is "type of", whereas "instance of" is differentiable. For example, for the noun city , a hyponym (naming a type of city) is capital city or capital , whereas Paris and London are instances of a city, not types of city. In linguistics , semantics , general semantics , and ontologies , hyponymy (from Ancient Greek ὑπό ( hupó )  'under' and ὄνυμα ( ónuma )  'name') shows

686-400: Is a hyponym of color . A word can be both a hypernym and a hyponym: for example purple is a hyponym of color but itself is a hypernym of the broad spectrum of shades of purple between the range of crimson and violet . The hierarchical structure of semantic fields can be seen in hyponymy. They could be observed from top to bottom, where the higher level is more general and the lower level

735-431: Is a type of knife " is false. Co-hyponyms are often but not always related to one another by the relation of incompatibility. For example, apple , peach and plum are co-hyponyms of fruit . However, an apple is not a peach , which is also not a plum . Thus, they are incompatible. Nevertheless, co-hyponyms are not necessarily incompatible in all senses . A queen and mother are both hyponyms of woman but there

784-516: Is autohyponymous because "smell" can also mean "to emit a bad smell", even though there is no "to emit a smell that isn't bad" hyponym. Hyperonym and hypernym mean the same thing, with both in use by linguists. The form hypernym interprets the -o- of hyponym as a part of hypo , such as in hypertension and hypotension . However, etymologically the -o- is part of the Greek stem ónoma . In other combinations with this stem, e.g. synonym , it

833-542: Is founded, with the six clubs existing by then: Buenos Aires Rowing Club, Club de Regatas La Marina, Tigre Boat Club, Club de Remo Teutonia (founded by the German community ), Campana Boat Club and Club de Regatas Bella Vista . On December 6, 1873 (six days after the first regatta was held), the rowers that had taken part in it met in the coffeehouse "Gymnasium" sited on Florida and Corrientes Avenue in Buenos Aires with

882-556: Is held. This has led to a general trend of allocating shorter events to women and longer events to men, especially at the Olympics where there is an event cap. This trend has become much less noticeable at the ICF World Championships, with only one race category that men and women do not both compete in since 2021. The same is true for canoes, which race over shorter distances at the Olympics in comparison to kayaks. At

931-400: Is more specific. For example, living things will be the highest level followed by plants and animals , and the lowest level may comprise dog , cat and wolf . Under the relations of hyponymy and incompatibility, taxonomic hierarchical structures too can be formed. It consists of two relations; the first one being exemplified in "An X is a Y" (simple hyponymy) while the second relation

980-412: Is never elided. Therefore, hyperonym is etymologically more faithful than hypernym . Hyperonymy is used, for instance, by John Lyons, who does not mention hypernymy and prefers superordination . The nominalization hyperonymy is rarely used, because the neutral term to refer to the relationship is hyponymy . Computer science often terms this relationship an " is-a " relationship. For example,

1029-416: Is nothing preventing the queen from being a mother . This shows that compatibility may be relevant. A word is an autohyponym if it is used for both a hypernym and its hyponym: it has a stricter sense that is entirely a subset of a broader sense. For example, the word dog describes both the species Canis familiaris and male individuals of Canis familiaris , so it is possible to say "That dog isn't

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1078-410: Is operated by the feet of the paddler in the front. The paddle used is usually a 'wing paddle' (although standard asymmetrical paddles can also be used) – wing paddles have blades which are shaped to resemble a wing or spoon, creating lift and increasing the power and stability of the stroke. There are many variations of wing paddles, ranging from longer and narrower options for more stability throughout

1127-710: Is still in use today but is often used as a hypernym for both canoe marathon and canoe sprint. Similarly, the term ' canoeing ' is used to describe both kayaking and canoeing. The sport is governed by the International Canoe Federation (ICF), which recognises four official distances and three boat classes in which athletes can compete. Competitors may race over 200, 500, 1000, and 5000 metres in crews consisting of one, two, or four athletes, across either eight or nine lanes marked by buoys. Occasionally, regional championships include variations to this format, such as 100-meter sprints. Modern canoeing as

1176-608: The 1936 Olympic games faced a different challenge. The application was initially rejected in 1933, the same year as the inaugural European championships were held in Prague . Spearheading this decision was the president of the International Federation for Rowing Societies ( FISA ), who expressed concern that an influx of small crafts would compromise the freedom of rowers on lakes and waterways. The IRK, however, successfully appealed this decision in 1934, leading to

1225-539: The 1948 Olympic Games before they were allowed to compete in canoeing at an Olympic level, albeit only in one discipline, as opposed to the eight available to men at the time. This ratio has improved very slowly but steadily since then, with the 2020 Summer Olympics being the first Olympic Games to see an equal number of events for both women and men, with women competing in canoes for the first time. The slow progress has often been justified by an aim to distribute events fairly, given event caps and athlete quotas in light of

1274-546: The Danish Canoe Federation  [ dk ] . This laid the foundation for the first international competitions, including a demonstration event at the 1924 Olympic games . Despite this the sport would not be a part of the next two summer olympics. The International Olympic Committee had rejected applications for the inclusion of canoeing in the 1928 and 1932 Olympic Games due to the limited number of proposed participating nations. The application to

1323-609: The railway network in the country were two factors that substantially influenced rowing clubs originally established in Buenos Aires to set their locations in Tigre, where they soon moved. Fifteen years after being formed, the British-origin members of BARC separated from the institution to form their own institution, Tigre Boat Club (the first of that district) in 1888. In December 1901, the Argentine Rowing Association ("Asociación Argentina de Remo")

1372-408: The screwdriver tool , and not to the screwdriver drink . Hypernymy and hyponymy are converse relations . If X is a kind of Y, then X is a hyponym of Y and Y is a hypernym of X. Hyponymy is a transitive relation : if X is a hyponym of Y, and Y is a hyponym of Z, then X is a hyponym of Z. For example, violet is a hyponym of purple and purple is a hyponym of color ; therefore violet

1421-478: The semantic relations between a generic term (hypernym) and a more specific term (hyponym). The hypernym is also called a supertype, umbrella term, or blanket term. The hyponym names a subtype of the hypernym. The semantic field of the hyponym is included within that of the hypernym. For example, pigeon , crow , and hen are all hyponyms of bird and animal ; bird and animal are both hypernyms of pigeon, crow, and hen . A core concept of hyponymy

1470-478: The Club de Regatas La Marina (1876), both located in the capital city while the first official regatta was held on December 8, 1873, with representatives from different countries taking part of it. President Domingo Sarmiento was one of the notable personalities that attended the event. I am pleased with the celebration held today, even more than what you guess I am. I arrived as honorary member of this club to see

1519-516: The ICF World Championships, though, there is little to no difference between the classes. While the ICF has given no clear reason for this difference, it is likely due to the gap in speeds between men and women, and between kayaks and canoes. This also supports the fact that the faster crew boats, especially the C4 and the K4, tend to race over 500 and 1000 meters. At the 2021 and 2022 ICF World Championships ,

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1568-416: The ICF for international canoe sprint races are 200m, 500m, 1000m, and 5000m. Over these four distances, the ICF recognizes six boat classes, known as 'International Boats'. These are: K1, K2, K4, C1, C2, and C4, where the number indicates the size of the crew and “K” stands for kayak and “C” for canoe. Thus "MK1 1000m" would stand for a male one-person kayak racing over 1000 meters. Crew boats only race over

1617-405: The ICF launched a completely new race class: the mixed K2 200m and 500m respectively. Here a man and a woman race together, and the class is abbreviated by an X; for example, "XK2 200". The 2023 Junior and U23 World Championships also saw the introduction of a relay mixed K1 5000m, which has yet to be brought to the senior level. At the 2023 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships , a radical change

1666-463: The United States), even though there is no other hyponym of Yankee (as native of the United States) that means "not a native of New England". Similarly, the verb to drink (a beverage) is a hypernym for to drink (an alcoholic beverage). In some cases, autohyponyms duplicate existing, distinct hyponyms. The hypernym "smell" (to emit any smell) has a hyponym "stink" (to emit a bad smell), but

1715-476: The buoys follows the Albano-system . The ICF further requires that there is a homologated start system at the 200m, 500m and 1000m marks. For long distance races, so the 5000m, the ICF requires either a long distance start system or a long pontoon. In a kayak, the paddler is seated in the direction of travel, and uses a double-bladed paddle . Kayaks have a rudder for steering and course adjustment, which

1764-485: The entire stroke to more extreme 'teardrop' shaped paddles for a firmer application of power at the start of the stroke. In a canoe the paddler kneels on one knee with the other leg forward and foot flat on the floor of the boat, and paddles a single-bladed paddle on one side only with what is known as a 'J-stroke' to control the boat's direction. In Canada, a racing class exists for the C-15 or WC or " War Canoe ", as well as

1813-404: The inauguration of a new style of fun in this country. It's very conforting for me –involved in the strict responsibilities of my position (as President of Argentina)– to come here and take part of these male sports that accomplish the ancient aphorism: "Mens sana in corpore sano" Domingo Sarmiento , from his speech during the first regatta held in Tigre, December 1873 , Despite being

1862-523: The inclusion of canoeing at the Summer Olympics starting from the 1936 Olympic Games onwards. The first world championship took place in 1938 in Vaxholm . Since the first international competitions, there has been a noticeable trend of reducing the race distances. As 10km was removed, 500m and 200m were introduced. Despite canoe sprint becoming an Olympic sport in 1936, women had to wait until

1911-499: The kneeling position puts the paddler higher above the surface of the water. More recent designs of canoe racing paddles often have a slight bent shaft, commonly 12–14 degrees. (a concept of canoe designer Eugene Jensen in the 1960s). Many high-performance canoe paddlers prefer the feel of a wooden handle with a carbon fiber shaft and blade, while nearly all high-performance kayak paddlers use paddles made completely of carbon fiber. Hypernym Hypernymy and hyponymy are

1960-495: The late 19th century. Against the backdrop of Victorian society's growing interest in outdoors activities such as camping and pleasure boating, MacGregor's weekly accounts of his journey through the waterways of Europe became immensely popular. Upon his return to England he authored A Thousand Miles in the Rob Roy Canoe, which would become popular and inspire others to try the sport. In 1866 he founded The Canoe Club ,

2009-400: The phrase "Red is-a color" can be used to describe the hyponymic relationship between red and color . Hyponymy is the most frequently encoded relation among synsets used in lexical databases such as WordNet . These semantic relations can also be used to compare semantic similarity by judging the distance between two synsets and to analyse anaphora . As a hypernym can be understood as

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2058-488: The purpose of establishing a club. Supported by the British Consul in Argentina, they founded the "Buenos Aires Rowing Club" which became the first rowing club in the country. The BARC founder also agreed to accept all the rowing enthusiasts as members, including non-British citizens. An old ship ("Sunny South") was the first seat of BARC until a neighbor, Leonardo Pereyra, donated a land bordering Matanza River and

2107-652: The relationship between a generic term (hypernym) and a specific instance of it (hyponym). A hyponym is a word or phrase whose semantic field is more specific than its hypernym. The semantic field of a hypernym, also known as a superordinate, is broader than that of a hyponym. An approach to the relationship between hyponyms and hypernyms is to view a hypernym as consisting of hyponyms. This, however, becomes more difficult with abstract words such as imagine , understand and knowledge . While hyponyms are typically used to refer to nouns, it can also be used on other parts of speech. Like nouns, hypernyms in verbs are words that refer to

2156-678: The rules of the sport. MacGregor, for example, would go on to found the American Canoe Association in 1880. The sport's growing popularity in the early 1900s prompted the need for international structure. In 1924, the predecessor of the International Canoe Federation, the Internationale Repräsentantenschaft Kanusport (IRK), was formed by German, Austrian and Swedish delegates at a meeting hosted by

2205-613: The shortest three distances, which are also the only distances to have featured at the Olympic Games since 1960. Whilst athletes must race in designated lanes for the 200, 500, and 1000 meter races, the 5000m diverges from this format. Instead, athletes start in a large pack, navigating a set course with several turning points. More turns have been introduced over time with the aim of making the event more interesting to spectators. As there are many different possible combinations amongst boat classes and distances, not every possible event

2254-482: The world's first canoe club. It was not long before other clubs started emerging on both sides of the Atlantic. In 1867 The Canoe Club would hold the first modern day canoeing competition. It was in the same year that Prince Edward VII became club Commodore, giving the sport even more attention. The new clubs promoted the organisation of regattas and contributed to the establishment of formal national bodies to define

2303-464: Was added to the Olympic programme in 1948. Today, there are twelve canoe sprint events at the Olympics . In addition, the ICF holds an annual World Championship with many more events. On the whole, European athletes have dominated the sport, winning over 90% of all available medals. The Scottish traveller, John "Rob Roy" MacGregor , is widely recognised for popularising competitive canoeing during

2352-399: Was inaugurated in 1911. The building was refurbished and expanded in 1913. The main facade was modified to a Victorian architecture style. Canoe racing Canoe sprint is a water sport in which athletes race in specially designed sprint canoes or sprint kayaks on calm water over a short distance. Prior to November 2008, canoe sprint was known as flatwater racing . The term

2401-413: Was made to the 5000 meter race when the ICF introduced six portages. During these, athletes must jump out of their boats and carry them for a short distance before getting back in. This decision was made after the success of canoe marathon, where portages are an integral part of the discipline, in engaging viewers. This decision has been met with critique in some circles, as marathon paddlers suddenly gained

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