121-541: Bukit Mertajam is a suburb of Seberang Perai in the Malaysian state of Penang . It also serves as the seat of the Central Seberang Perai District . As of 2020, Bukit Mertajam had a population of 12,079. Whilst founded in the 19th century as an agricultural area, Bukit Mertajam also evolved into a transportation hub, following the completion of a railway line towards Perai at the end of
242-494: A "poor cousin" to George Town , Seberang Perai has undergone significant transformation in the decades following Malaya's independence. The Penang state government has been actively promoting a policy of balanced development between the two cities, and Seberang Perai has been positioned as the "future of Penang". In 2021, 'Penang Bay', an initiative aimed at promoting sustainable development, urban regeneration and creative economy between downtown George Town and Butterworth ,
363-494: A "poor cousin" to George Town , Seberang Perai has undergone significant transformation in the decades following Malaya's independence. The Penang state government has been actively promoting a policy of balanced development between the two cities, and Seberang Perai has been positioned as the "future of Penang". In 2021, 'Penang Bay', an initiative aimed at promoting sustainable development, urban regeneration and creative economy between downtown George Town and Butterworth ,
484-504: A capacity of 242 beds. It offers a limited range of treatments, including gynaecology , paediatrics and psychiatry . Bukit Mertajam also contains a private hospital, namely the KPJ Penang Specialist Hospital. The 236-bed hospital, owned by Johor Corporation , offers various specialist treatments, such as gastroenterology , physiotherapy , lithotripsy and haemodialysis . The Summit Bukit Mertajam Plaza
605-655: A centre for cash crop agriculture , while the development of new towns such as Butterworth and Bukit Mertajam followed with the advent of roads and railways towards the end of the 19th century. After Malaya's independence, Seberang Perai benefitted from the development spillover from George Town . The Port of Penang , the third busiest seaport in the country, was relocated to the municipality in 1974, bolstering its industrial-based economy that has attracted numerous multinational companies . Two road bridges were constructed to physically connect Seberang Perai with George Town, complementing an existing ferry service between
726-514: A common sight during the annual festivities. The Minor Basilica of St. Anne at Bukit Mertajam plays host to the annual Novena feast , which draws thousands of pilgrims from abroad. The 'Street of Harmony' at Seberang Jaya has nine places of worship, each representing a different faith, and is a tribute to religious diversity within the township. As part of urban renewal efforts, several locations at Butterworth have been adorned with street art . Additionally, container art pieces showcasing
847-514: A common sight during the annual festivities. The Minor Basilica of St. Anne at Bukit Mertajam plays host to the annual Novena feast , which draws thousands of pilgrims from abroad. The 'Street of Harmony' at Seberang Jaya has nine places of worship, each representing a different faith, and is a tribute to religious diversity within the township. As part of urban renewal efforts, several locations at Butterworth have been adorned with street art . Additionally, container art pieces showcasing
968-764: A cyber library operated by the Penang Library. Built in 1888, St. Anne's Church is one of the most recognisable landmarks in Bukit Mertajam. It is one of the parishes of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Penang . Every year, the church hosts one of the largest Novena festivals in Southeast Asia , attracting about 100,000 visitors. The area has a number of tourist destinations, including the Bukit Mertajam Market and
1089-475: A growing services sector concentrated around retail and tourism. In 2020, Seberang Perai's GDP was worth RM45.149 billion (US$ 10.836 billion), accounting for about 46.5% of Penang's total GDP. The economy of Seberang Perai is primarily driven by the services and manufacturing sectors, which together contributed nearly 93% of the city's GDP that year. The first industrial estates in Penang were established in
1210-422: A growing services sector concentrated around retail and tourism. In 2020, Seberang Perai's GDP was worth RM45.149 billion (US$ 10.836 billion), accounting for about 46.5% of Penang's total GDP. The economy of Seberang Perai is primarily driven by the services and manufacturing sectors, which together contributed nearly 93% of the city's GDP that year. The first industrial estates in Penang were established in
1331-548: A hill named Mertajam which means "pointed" in Malay . This was said to be a native reference to the geography of the area, where the hill forms the highest outcrop. Bukit Mertajam had been part of the Hindu-Buddhist Bujang Valley civilisation, which ruled over what is now Kedah up to the 6th century AD. A megalith at Cherok Tok Kun , discovered in 1845, contains Pali inscriptions which alluded to
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#17327795687621452-476: A new transit-oriented development , has strengthened Seberang Perai's role as the logistics hub of northwestern Malaysia. Following decades of rapid urbanisation and infrastructural developments, Seberang Perai was conferred city status in 2019. Seberang Perai was originally named Province Wellesley after Richard Wellesley , who was the Governor-General of India when the territory was acquired by
1573-691: A persistent issue for decades, with the Juru, Jawi and Perai rivers classified as having average water quality (Class III) by Malaysia's Department of Environment since 2016. Throughout the 19th century, Province Wellesley was administered from George Town without any local governance structure in place. This changed in 1913 when the Municipal Ordinance came into effect, mandating the establishment of local governments in Province Wellesley. Three local governments were created, namely
1694-500: A persistent issue for decades, with the Juru, Jawi and Perai rivers classified as having average water quality (Class III) by Malaysia's Department of Environment since 2016. Throughout the 19th century, Province Wellesley was administered from George Town without any local governance structure in place. This changed in 1913 when the Municipal Ordinance came into effect, mandating the establishment of local governments in Province Wellesley. Three local governments were created, namely
1815-513: A preemptive assault on Perai . The Kedahan forces were routed and the Sultan was forced to sue for peace . In 1800, the EIC annexed a strip of the mainland from Kedah for a sum of 4,000 Spanish dollars . This acquisition, negotiated by George Caunter on behalf of Lieutenant-Governor George Leith , gave the EIC permanent sovereignty over both Penang Island and the newly acquired territory, which
1936-411: A preemptive assault on Perai . The Kedahan forces were routed and the Sultan was forced to sue for peace . In 1800, the EIC annexed a strip of the mainland from Kedah for a sum of 4,000 Spanish dollars . This acquisition, negotiated by George Caunter on behalf of Lieutenant-Governor George Leith , gave the EIC permanent sovereignty over both Penang Island and the newly acquired territory, which
2057-534: A total of 14 primary schools and eight high schools . Primary schools High schools In addition to these schools, the Penang State Library also operates a branch in Bukit Mertajam. The Bukit Mertajam Hospital, run by Malaysia 's Ministry of Health , is one of the six public hospitals scattered throughout the State of Penang . Completed in 1890, it is currently a non-specialist hospital with
2178-468: A total of 20 police stations throughout the city as of 2022 . According to the 2020 Malaysian census, Seberang Perai had a population of 946,092 within its jurisdiction of 748 km (289 sq mi), giving it a population density of 1,264.8/km (3,276/sq mi). This also makes Seberang Perai the third largest city by population in Malaysia after Kuala Lumpur and Kajang . Seberang Perai
2299-412: A total of 20 police stations throughout the city as of 2022 . According to the 2020 Malaysian census, Seberang Perai had a population of 946,092 within its jurisdiction of 748 km (289 sq mi), giving it a population density of 1,264.8/km (3,276/sq mi). This also makes Seberang Perai the third largest city by population in Malaysia after Kuala Lumpur and Kajang . Seberang Perai
2420-507: A transportation hub was cemented with the completion of a railway line between Bukit Mertajam and the coastal port area of Perai in 1899, allowing for a rapid transportation of commodities such as rubber and tin towards the harbour. Concurrently, public amenities, such as schools, a magistrate's court and a hospital, were built, and by the turn of the century, Bukit Mertajam was selected by the Straits Settlements authorities as
2541-534: Is a city in the Malaysian state of Penang . Located on the Malay Peninsula and separated from Penang Island by the Penang Strait , it shares borders with Kedah to the north and east and Perak to the south. The city spans an area of 748 km (289 sq mi) and had a population of 946,092 as of 2020 , making it the third largest city in Malaysia . Originally a part of Kedah ,
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#17327795687622662-544: Is also the most populous settlement within the George Town Conurbation , containing over 54.3% of Penang's population. The city centre of Butterworth recorded a population of 80,378, or approximately 8.5% of the total population of Seberang Perai. In the decades following Malaya's independence, Seberang Perai's population grew rapidly due to the spillover of development from George Town . Between 1975 and 1990, suburban sprawl became more pronounced within
2783-469: Is also the most populous settlement within the George Town Conurbation , containing over 54.3% of Penang's population. The city centre of Butterworth recorded a population of 80,378, or approximately 8.5% of the total population of Seberang Perai. In the decades following Malaya's independence, Seberang Perai's population grew rapidly due to the spillover of development from George Town . Between 1975 and 1990, suburban sprawl became more pronounced within
2904-526: Is connected to George Town by two road bridges. The 13.5 km (8.4 mi) Penang Bridge connects the suburb of Perai with Gelugor in the island city. Opened in 2014, the Second Penang Bridge spans 24 km (15 mi) between Batu Kawan and Batu Maung on the island. Seberang Perai Seberang Perai is a city in the Malaysian state of Penang . Located on the Malay Peninsula and separated from Penang Island by
3025-486: Is represented by seven Members of Parliament and 21 state constituencies . Prior to 2023, state elections had been conducted simultaneously with nationwide general elections every five years. As of 2023 , ethnic Malays formed the majority in 11 of the 21 state constituencies, especially in the city's north . On the other hand, non-Malays were largely clustered in urban constituencies such as at Butterworth , Perai , Bukit Mertajam and Batu Kawan , as well as many of
3146-486: Is represented by seven Members of Parliament and 21 state constituencies . Prior to 2023, state elections had been conducted simultaneously with nationwide general elections every five years. As of 2023 , ethnic Malays formed the majority in 11 of the 21 state constituencies, especially in the city's north . On the other hand, non-Malays were largely clustered in urban constituencies such as at Butterworth , Perai , Bukit Mertajam and Batu Kawan , as well as many of
3267-415: Is surrounded by flat alluvial plains. The suburb spans an area of 4 km (1.5 sq mi), and lies between Permatang Pauh to the north, Kedah to the east, Bukit Minyak to the south and Bukit Tengah to the west. The Bandar Perda township houses the administrative centre of the local government of Seberang Perai , the mainland half of the State of Penang . The MBSP building, completed in 2006,
3388-676: Is the headquarters of the Seberang Perai City Council . In addition, the District and Land Office of the Central Seberang Perai District is situated at Jalan Betek. As the seat of the district, Bukit Mertajam contains the district's Magistrates Court as well. As of 2020, Bukit Mertajam was home to a population of 12,079. Ethnic Chinese comprised close to 68% of the population, followed by Malays at 21% and Indians at 8%. The main thoroughfares within Bukit Mertajam include Jalan Pasar and Jalan Kulim. In addition, both
3509-707: Is the shopping mall within Bukit Mertajam proper. Launched in 1997 and situated at Jalan Arumugam Pillai, it consists of a four-storey retail block and a high-rise currently occupied by The Summit Hotel. On June 4, 2014, AEON Bukit Mertajam (formerly known as JUSCO supermarkets) is open in Alma area to attract more customers from Bukit Mertajam and Kulim. AEON Bukit Mertajam Shopping Center is the largest modern integrated shopping complex in Alma. The mall has total six levels, its consist of grocery area, cinema, franchise food restaurants, overseas fashion outlet such as Uniqlo, Cotton on, Brands Outlet, Skechers and so on. The mall also has
3630-564: Is the tallest point within Seberang Perai. The city's coast is divided into a northern sandy shoreline and a muddy, mangrove-covered southern coastline. The southern coast is geographically sheltered by Penang Island , while the northern shoreline is more exposed to the Malacca Strait . Seberang Perai's jurisdiction also includes two offshore islets – Aman and Gedung islands. These islets feature mudflats that connect with
3751-437: Is the tallest point within Seberang Perai. The city's coast is divided into a northern sandy shoreline and a muddy, mangrove-covered southern coastline. The southern coast is geographically sheltered by Penang Island , while the northern shoreline is more exposed to the Malacca Strait . Seberang Perai's jurisdiction also includes two offshore islets – Aman and Gedung islands. These islets feature mudflats that connect with
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3872-585: The British East India Company (EIC) in 1800. The term "Seberang Perai" is believed to have emerged from a local expression used to refer to the northern banks of the Perai River . After the acquisition of Province Wellesley, the river became the boundary between British-held territory to the south and Kedah to the north. Seberang means "the other side" in Malay . The Thai word plāi ( Thai : ปลาย ), meaning "the end", referred to
3993-503: The Cherok Tok Kun megalith , found at Bukit Mertajam , both indicate significant Hindu influence at the area between the 5th and 6th centuries. In 1786, Francis Light acquired Penang Island from Kedah in exchange for British military protection. However, when Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah of Kedah attempted to retake the island by force in response to the EIC's reneging on military protection, British forces launched
4114-440: The Cherok Tok Kun megalith , found at Bukit Mertajam , both indicate significant Hindu influence at the area between the 5th and 6th centuries. In 1786, Francis Light acquired Penang Island from Kedah in exchange for British military protection. However, when Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah of Kedah attempted to retake the island by force in response to the EIC's reneging on military protection, British forces launched
4235-537: The Indians at almost 10%. During the British colonial era, agriculture promoted significant immigration from China and India, resulting in sizable non-Malay populations within the central and southern districts of the city. In particular, Chinese comprised the majority at areas such as Butterworth, Bukit Mertajam and Nibong Tebal . Economic sectors in Seberang Perai by GDP share (2020) Formerly regarded as
4356-428: The Indians at almost 10%. During the British colonial era, agriculture promoted significant immigration from China and India, resulting in sizable non-Malay populations within the central and southern districts of the city. In particular, Chinese comprised the majority at areas such as Butterworth, Bukit Mertajam and Nibong Tebal . Economic sectors in Seberang Perai by GDP share (2020) Formerly regarded as
4477-783: The Middle East , as well as Malay refugees from Kedah fleeing the Siamese conquest of their homeland . In 1831, the EIC expanded Province Wellesley northwards, moving the international border between British and Siamese territories from the Perai River to the Muda River . The territory's boundaries were further extended in 1868 and in the Pangkor Treaty of 1874 , effectively enlarging the British-held territory from
4598-428: The Middle East , as well as Malay refugees from Kedah fleeing the Siamese conquest of their homeland . In 1831, the EIC expanded Province Wellesley northwards, moving the international border between British and Siamese territories from the Perai River to the Muda River . The territory's boundaries were further extended in 1868 and in the Pangkor Treaty of 1874 , effectively enlarging the British-held territory from
4719-534: The Neolithic era. The site of Guar Kepah, located on the southern banks of the Muda River , is home to human remains found in shell middens that indicate the settlement of the area in that period. Guar Kepah remains the only known example of coastal adaptation among Neolithic humans in Malaysia. Seberang Perai was once a part of the Bujang Valley civilisation. The Mahanavika Buddhagupta plaque and
4840-416: The Neolithic era. The site of Guar Kepah, located on the southern banks of the Muda River , is home to human remains found in shell middens that indicate the settlement of the area in that period. Guar Kepah remains the only known example of coastal adaptation among Neolithic humans in Malaysia. Seberang Perai was once a part of the Bujang Valley civilisation. The Mahanavika Buddhagupta plaque and
4961-642: The North–South Expressway and Federal Route 1 pass by Bukit Mertajam, linking the area with the rest of Peninsular Malaysia . Similar in function to the aforementioned pan-Peninsular expressway, the Bukit Mertajam railway station provides intercity rail transportation towards other major cities and towns along western Peninsular Malaysia, as well as on to Woodlands in Singapore . Rapid Penang 's routes 606, 701, 702, 707, 709 and 802 serve
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5082-489: The Penang Strait , it shares borders with Kedah to the north and east and Perak to the south. The city spans an area of 748 km (289 sq mi) and had a population of 946,092 as of 2020 , making it the third largest city in Malaysia . Originally a part of Kedah , the territory containing the city was ceded to the British East India Company in 1800. It was named Province Wellesley and has been administered as part of Penang ever since. The territory became
5203-502: The Sukma Games held that year , the multi-purpose stadium has a FIFA -certified football field, and also hosts motorsports events and concerts. In addition to the stadium, newer sports facilities have been planned in areas like Nibong Tebal and Seberang Jaya . In the late 19th century, Islamic education, taught in huts called pondoks in Malay , was common in the rural areas of Province Wellesley. These pondoks served as
5324-443: The Sukma Games held that year , the multi-purpose stadium has a FIFA -certified football field, and also hosts motorsports events and concerts. In addition to the stadium, newer sports facilities have been planned in areas like Nibong Tebal and Seberang Jaya . In the late 19th century, Islamic education, taught in huts called pondoks in Malay , was common in the rural areas of Province Wellesley. These pondoks served as
5445-423: The north . Despite limited land availability, Penang has consistently recorded the highest average rice yield in Malaysia since 2018, with a total yield of RM190.8 million in 2022. Seberang Perai's ethnic diversity has given rise to a variety of cultural celebrations throughout the year. Chinese New Year is celebrated at Chinese-majority areas such as Butterworth , where public events and decorated streets are
5566-423: The north . Despite limited land availability, Penang has consistently recorded the highest average rice yield in Malaysia since 2018, with a total yield of RM190.8 million in 2022. Seberang Perai's ethnic diversity has given rise to a variety of cultural celebrations throughout the year. Chinese New Year is celebrated at Chinese-majority areas such as Butterworth , where public events and decorated streets are
5687-420: The northern and central districts of the city. By 1991, Seberang Perai's population outstripped that of Penang Island for the first time in the state's history. As of 2020 , Malays accounted for 49% of Seberang Perai's population and were the majority ethnic group in the northern part of the city . Ethnic Chinese constituted a significant proportion of the city's population at nearly 33%, followed by
5808-420: The northern and central districts of the city. By 1991, Seberang Perai's population outstripped that of Penang Island for the first time in the state's history. As of 2020 , Malays accounted for 49% of Seberang Perai's population and were the majority ethnic group in the northern part of the city . Ethnic Chinese constituted a significant proportion of the city's population at nearly 33%, followed by
5929-433: The "rice bowl" of Penang, Seberang Perai has a long history of agriculture. During British rule, spice, sugar and rubber were some of the major crops in the territory. Post-independence, the focus has shifted to rice, palm oil and coconut cultivation. As of 2017 , agriculture made up nearly 44% of Seberang Perai's land use. The city had approximately 12,472 acres (5,047 ha) of paddy fields as of 2008 , mainly located in
6050-433: The "rice bowl" of Penang, Seberang Perai has a long history of agriculture. During British rule, spice, sugar and rubber were some of the major crops in the territory. Post-independence, the focus has shifted to rice, palm oil and coconut cultivation. As of 2017 , agriculture made up nearly 44% of Seberang Perai's land use. The city had approximately 12,472 acres (5,047 ha) of paddy fields as of 2008 , mainly located in
6171-572: The 1960s at Mak Mandin and Perai during the tenure of the state's first Chief Minister Wong Pow Nee . However, these early efforts at industrialisation were limited to import substitution . After the revocation of George Town's free port status and the fall of the Alliance -led state government in 1969 , newly elected Chief Minister Lim Chong Eu sought to restructure Penang's economy. The Nathan Report of 1970, produced by Robert R. Nathan Associates , proposed an export-led growth strategy and
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#17327795687626292-517: The 1960s at Mak Mandin and Perai during the tenure of the state's first Chief Minister Wong Pow Nee . However, these early efforts at industrialisation were limited to import substitution . After the revocation of George Town's free port status and the fall of the Alliance -led state government in 1969 , newly elected Chief Minister Lim Chong Eu sought to restructure Penang's economy. The Nathan Report of 1970, produced by Robert R. Nathan Associates , proposed an export-led growth strategy and
6413-460: The Bandar Perda township near Bukit Mertajam, making the latter the seat of the local government of Seberang Perai as well. Beginning in the 1970s, residential estates were also developed in the areas surrounding Bukit Mertajam, fuelled by the industrialisation of certain areas near the area, such as Bukit Minyak and Bukit Tengah . Bukit Mertajam is situated close to Mertajam Hill, which
6534-555: The Japanese four days later. During the Japanese occupation , Province Wellesley, like George Town , underwent significant social upheaval. Civilians suffered harsh treatment from the Japanese, who attempted to enforce order, while living conditions worsened along with the economic situation. Rice farmers in Province Wellesley were encouraged to increase their yields, but the rice supply deficit proved too great to overcome. Despite
6655-444: The Japanese four days later. During the Japanese occupation , Province Wellesley, like George Town , underwent significant social upheaval. Civilians suffered harsh treatment from the Japanese, who attempted to enforce order, while living conditions worsened along with the economic situation. Rice farmers in Province Wellesley were encouraged to increase their yields, but the rice supply deficit proved too great to overcome. Despite
6776-626: The Muda River in the north to the Kerian River in the south. The development of roads and railways in the early 20th century promoted the growth of Province Wellesley's rubber industry. Malaya 's new rail lines, which ran from the Siamese border to the north to Singapore to the south, cut through Province Wellesley, allowing the Port of Penang to become a major tin exporter. This led to
6897-402: The Muda River in the north to the Kerian River in the south. The development of roads and railways in the early 20th century promoted the growth of Province Wellesley's rubber industry. Malaya 's new rail lines, which ran from the Siamese border to the north to Singapore to the south, cut through Province Wellesley, allowing the Port of Penang to become a major tin exporter. This led to
7018-607: The North and Central Seberang Perai rural district councils, respectively. The three remaining local governments were subsequently merged into a single municipality in 1974. Two years later, Seberang Perai was conferred municipal status and the local government was renamed the Seberang Perai Municipal Council. In the early 1960s, the Penang state government began industrialising Seberang Perai through
7139-415: The North and Central Seberang Perai rural district councils, respectively. The three remaining local governments were subsequently merged into a single municipality in 1974. Two years later, Seberang Perai was conferred municipal status and the local government was renamed the Seberang Perai Municipal Council. In the early 1960s, the Penang state government began industrialising Seberang Perai through
7260-505: The administrative centre of the Central Province Wellesley District. The Bukit Mertajam Town Council was established in 1953. At the time, it was one of the five local governments within Province Wellesley. The local governments were eventually amalgamated and transformed into the Seberang Perai Municipal Council by 1976. In 2006, the headquarters of the municipal council was relocated from Butterworth to
7381-494: The century. To this day, its railway station remains a major Malayan Railway station within Seberang Perai. Bukit Mertajam is also well known for its Catholic congregation, which is centred at the St. Anne's Church . The church is one of the focal locations within Southeast Asia for the annual Novena celebrations. It is the birthplace of the 10th Prime Minister of Malaysia Anwar Ibrahim . Bukit Mertajam derived its name from
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#17327795687627502-576: The city, the other being a Universiti Teknologi MARA campus at Permatang Pauh . Several private institutions have also been established throughout the city, including at Batu Kawan , where local colleges have formed partnerships with foreign universities such as University of Wollongong and University of Plymouth . Following the success of the Penang Digital Library in George Town , the Penang state government has initiated
7623-442: The city, the other being a Universiti Teknologi MARA campus at Permatang Pauh . Several private institutions have also been established throughout the city, including at Batu Kawan , where local colleges have formed partnerships with foreign universities such as University of Wollongong and University of Plymouth . Following the success of the Penang Digital Library in George Town , the Penang state government has initiated
7744-485: The city. In recent years, private hospitals such as Bagan Specialist Centre, Sunway Medical Centre and KPJ Penang Specialist Hospital have contributed significantly in making Penang the top destination for medical tourism in Malaysia. The Seberang Perai City Council has also installed three automated external defibrillators (AEDs) throughout the city as of 2023 as part of a state-wide initiative to enhance survival rates of cardiac arrest cases. Seberang Perai
7865-485: The city. In recent years, private hospitals such as Bagan Specialist Centre, Sunway Medical Centre and KPJ Penang Specialist Hospital have contributed significantly in making Penang the top destination for medical tourism in Malaysia. The Seberang Perai City Council has also installed three automated external defibrillators (AEDs) throughout the city as of 2023 as part of a state-wide initiative to enhance survival rates of cardiac arrest cases. Seberang Perai
7986-476: The coastal areas in the south . In the 2023 state election , the Pakatan Harapan - Barisan Nasional alliance retained 12 of Seberang Perai's constituencies, whereas the far-right Perikatan Nasional opposition bloc won nine Malay-majority seats across swathes of the north and southeast. Parliamentary constituencies State constituencies Seberang Perai has a judicial system that consists of
8107-412: The coastal areas in the south . In the 2023 state election , the Pakatan Harapan - Barisan Nasional alliance retained 12 of Seberang Perai's constituencies, whereas the far-right Perikatan Nasional opposition bloc won nine Malay-majority seats across swathes of the north and southeast. Parliamentary constituencies State constituencies Seberang Perai has a judicial system that consists of
8228-417: The construction of similar digital libraries at Butterworth and Bukit Mertajam . Healthcare in Penang is provided by a two-tier system consisting of public and private hospitals. The Malaysian Ministry of Health administers four public hospitals in Seberang Perai – namely at Kepala Batas , Seberang Jaya , Bukit Mertajam and Sungai Bakap. In addition, six private hospitals are scattered throughout
8349-417: The construction of similar digital libraries at Butterworth and Bukit Mertajam . Healthcare in Penang is provided by a two-tier system consisting of public and private hospitals. The Malaysian Ministry of Health administers four public hospitals in Seberang Perai – namely at Kepala Batas , Seberang Jaya , Bukit Mertajam and Sungai Bakap. In addition, six private hospitals are scattered throughout
8470-426: The development spillover from George Town . The Port of Penang , the third busiest seaport in the country, was relocated to the municipality in 1974, bolstering its industrial-based economy that has attracted numerous multinational companies . Two road bridges were constructed to physically connect Seberang Perai with George Town, complementing an existing ferry service between the two cities. Penang Sentral ,
8591-562: The emergence of new towns, such as Butterworth and Bukit Mertajam , as logistics hubs. The Municipal Ordinance of 1913 resulted in the creation of three local governments within Province Wellesley – the Butterworth and Bukit Mertajam town boards, and the Province Wellesley Rural Board. The creation of local governments further accelerated infrastructural developments within the territory. RAF Butterworth
8712-417: The emergence of new towns, such as Butterworth and Bukit Mertajam , as logistics hubs. The Municipal Ordinance of 1913 resulted in the creation of three local governments within Province Wellesley – the Butterworth and Bukit Mertajam town boards, and the Province Wellesley Rural Board. The creation of local governments further accelerated infrastructural developments within the territory. RAF Butterworth
8833-471: The establishment of "pioneer farms" in the territory by Japanese administrators in 1944, food shortages persisted until the end of the war when British forces liberated Penang . Following the war's end, British authorities swiftly undertook action to restore order in Province Wellesley, which was plagued by elements of the Chinese underworld and communist infiltrations. In 1953, the British reorganised
8954-417: The establishment of "pioneer farms" in the territory by Japanese administrators in 1944, food shortages persisted until the end of the war when British forces liberated Penang . Following the war's end, British authorities swiftly undertook action to restore order in Province Wellesley, which was plagued by elements of the Chinese underworld and communist infiltrations. In 1953, the British reorganised
9075-460: The establishment of the first industrial estates at Mak Mandin and Perai . In 1974, the Port of Penang was relocated from George Town to the municipality, and in 1980, the adjacent Perai Free Industrial Zone was created to take advantage of the available maritime and rail infrastructure. These were accompanied by a significant increase in the municipality's population, which was largely due to
9196-409: The establishment of the first industrial estates at Mak Mandin and Perai . In 1974, the Port of Penang was relocated from George Town to the municipality, and in 1980, the adjacent Perai Free Industrial Zone was created to take advantage of the available maritime and rail infrastructure. These were accompanied by a significant increase in the municipality's population, which was largely due to
9317-438: The foot of Mertajam Hill and were also involved in granite production. Sugar plantations were established to the south of the area in the mid-19th century. These economic activities led to the construction of roads throughout Province Wellesley . With many of these roads converging in Bukit Mertajam, the area soon became a transit point for the movement of agricultural produce towards the Port of Penang . Bukit Mertajam's role as
9438-619: The identities of Penang's local communities have also been installed at Butterworth and Batu Kawan . In recent years, Seberang Perai has emerged as a venue for newly introduced events that celebrate the city's culture and nascent arts scene, such as the Butterworth Fringe Festival and the Penang International Paddy Festival. The 40,000-seater Penang State Stadium at Batu Kawan is the main stadium of Penang. Constructed in 2000 for
9559-446: The identities of Penang's local communities have also been installed at Butterworth and Batu Kawan . In recent years, Seberang Perai has emerged as a venue for newly introduced events that celebrate the city's culture and nascent arts scene, such as the Butterworth Fringe Festival and the Penang International Paddy Festival. The 40,000-seater Penang State Stadium at Batu Kawan is the main stadium of Penang. Constructed in 2000 for
9680-467: The local governments were gradually amalgamated by the then Alliance -controlled state government . The Butterworth and Bukit Mertajam municipal governments were merged with the North and Central Seberang Perai rural district councils, respectively, in 1961. The three remaining district councils were consolidated into a single municipality in 1974. As a municipality, Seberang Perai was conferred municipal status in 1976 and city status in 2019. One of
9801-467: The local governments were gradually amalgamated by the then Alliance -controlled state government . The Butterworth and Bukit Mertajam municipal governments were merged with the North and Central Seberang Perai rural district councils, respectively, in 1961. The three remaining district councils were consolidated into a single municipality in 1974. As a municipality, Seberang Perai was conferred municipal status in 1976 and city status in 2019. One of
9922-417: The local governments within the territory. Five local governments – one each for the municipalities of Butterworth and Bukit Mertajam, and three rural district councils – were instituted. After Malaya gained independence in 1957, the ruling Alliance coalition moved to amalgamate the local governments within Seberang Perai. In 1961, the Butterworth and Bukit Mertajam municipalities were consolidated with
10043-417: The local governments within the territory. Five local governments – one each for the municipalities of Butterworth and Bukit Mertajam, and three rural district councils – were instituted. After Malaya gained independence in 1957, the ruling Alliance coalition moved to amalgamate the local governments within Seberang Perai. In 1961, the Butterworth and Bukit Mertajam municipalities were consolidated with
10164-450: The logistical hub of Penang, serving as a termini for rail and ferry services. The relocation of the Port of Penang to the city in 1974 facilitated the development of new container services. In 2022, the seaport handled close to 1.32 million TEUs of cargo, the third highest in Malaysia. The logistical role of Seberang Perai is further complemented by Penang Sentral , a transit-oriented development (TOD) at Butterworth . Known as
10285-450: The logistical hub of Penang, serving as a termini for rail and ferry services. The relocation of the Port of Penang to the city in 1974 facilitated the development of new container services. In 2022, the seaport handled close to 1.32 million TEUs of cargo, the third highest in Malaysia. The logistical role of Seberang Perai is further complemented by Penang Sentral , a transit-oriented development (TOD) at Butterworth . Known as
10406-699: The magistrate and sessions courts. Each of the city's three districts is served by these courts. The north district cases are under the jurisdiction of the Butterworth Magistrates Court, while the central district cases are presided over by the Bukit Mertajam Magistrates Court. The south district cases are handled by the Jawi Magistrates Court. The Royal Malaysia Police is responsible for law enforcement within Seberang Perai, maintaining
10527-452: The magistrate and sessions courts. Each of the city's three districts is served by these courts. The north district cases are under the jurisdiction of the Butterworth Magistrates Court, while the central district cases are presided over by the Bukit Mertajam Magistrates Court. The south district cases are handled by the Jawi Magistrates Court. The Royal Malaysia Police is responsible for law enforcement within Seberang Perai, maintaining
10648-535: The mainland due to sedimentation that occurred during the construction of the Penang Bridge . The city is demarcated by the Muda River to the north, which serves as the border between Seberang Perai and Kedah . To the south, the tripoint between Seberang Perai, Kedah and Perak lies within the Kerian River . Several riverine systems flow through the city, including Perai , Juru, Jejawi and Tengah rivers. River pollution caused by industrial waste has been
10769-473: The mainland due to sedimentation that occurred during the construction of the Penang Bridge . The city is demarcated by the Muda River to the north, which serves as the border between Seberang Perai and Kedah . To the south, the tripoint between Seberang Perai, Kedah and Perak lies within the Kerian River . Several riverine systems flow through the city, including Perai , Juru, Jejawi and Tengah rivers. River pollution caused by industrial waste has been
10890-621: The mayor of Seberang Perai is Hj Baderul Amin Abdul Hamid. The City Tower , located at Bukit Tengah , serves as the city council's headquarters. MBSP's current urban planning strategy is outlined in the Seberang Perai Local Plan 2030 , first published in 2021. In 2025, MBSP projected its estimated revenue at RM367.3 million and an estimated expenditure of RM416.1 million, which included allocations for environment, public safety and infrastructure. Seberang Perai
11011-483: The mayor of Seberang Perai is Hj Baderul Amin Abdul Hamid. The City Tower , located at Bukit Tengah , serves as the city council's headquarters. MBSP's current urban planning strategy is outlined in the Seberang Perai Local Plan 2030 , first published in 2021. In 2025, MBSP projected its estimated revenue at RM367.3 million and an estimated expenditure of RM416.1 million, which included allocations for environment, public safety and infrastructure. Seberang Perai
11132-470: The nearby Hock Teik Cheng Shin Temple. The latter is a Taoist temple, which was constructed in 1886. At the time, the temple owned much of the land within the town centre and was responsible for the development of the Bukit Mertajam Market. The two-storey market, built in the late 19th century, was last renovated in 1934 by the British authorities. and Electoral Seberang Perai Seberang Perai
11253-424: The precursors to the madrasa system and modern religious schools that are still prevalent across the city. As of 2022 , Seberang Perai is home to a total of 159 primary schools and 79 secondary schools, in addition to one international school located in the city's south . In 2001, Universiti Sains Malaysia relocated its engineering campus to Nibong Tebal , and it is now one of the two public universities in
11374-424: The precursors to the madrasa system and modern religious schools that are still prevalent across the city. As of 2022 , Seberang Perai is home to a total of 159 primary schools and 79 secondary schools, in addition to one international school located in the city's south . In 2001, Universiti Sains Malaysia relocated its engineering campus to Nibong Tebal , and it is now one of the two public universities in
11495-585: The presence of a Hindu-Buddhist polity in the region between the 5th and 6th centuries. Bukit Mertajam only came into existence in the 19th century, after the acquisition of the area by the British East India Company in 1800. Prior to the British acquisition, the area had been inhabited by Malay and Siamese farmers. As the British encouraged the cultivation of spices throughout the newly acquired territory of Province Wellesley (now Seberang Perai ), Chinese settlers, mostly of Hakka origin, moved into Bukit Mertajam. The Chinese migrants opened up spice plantations at
11616-424: The residents of Bukit Mertajam, connecting the area with other parts of Seberang Perai , such as Butterworth , Perai , Juru , Simpang Ampat and Nibong Tebal . These routes are complemented by Rapid Penang's Congestion Alleviation Transport (CAT), a free-of-charge transit service within Bukit Mertajam. Cityliner also operates an additional bus route between Bukit Mertajam and Butterworth. Bukit Mertajam contains
11737-423: The same year, RM65.7 billion worth of exports passed through the Port of Penang, making Seberang Perai the seventh largest exporter among Malaysian cities . The development of newer townships, namely Seberang Jaya and Batu Kawan , has given rise to a thriving retail sector, attracting major players such as Sunway Group and IKEA , respectively. In 2016, Design Village , Penang's first premium outlet mall ,
11858-423: The same year, RM65.7 billion worth of exports passed through the Port of Penang, making Seberang Perai the seventh largest exporter among Malaysian cities . The development of newer townships, namely Seberang Jaya and Batu Kawan , has given rise to a thriving retail sector, attracting major players such as Sunway Group and IKEA , respectively. In 2016, Design Village , Penang's first premium outlet mall ,
11979-858: The southern limits of Kedah, which were formed by the river. The Hokkiens referred to the northern banks of the river as koay kang , which means "across the river". At the time, passengers from George Town would land at Perai and cross the river to get to Butterworth and the hinterland beyond. The term koay kang coincides with the Malay name Seberang Perai. [REDACTED] British East India Company 1800–1858 [REDACTED] British Raj 1858–1867 [REDACTED] Straits Settlements 1826–1941; 1945–1946 [REDACTED] Empire of Japan 1941–1945 [REDACTED] Malayan Union 1946–1948 [REDACTED] Federation of Malaya 1948–1963 [REDACTED] Malaysia 1963–present Seberang Perai bears evidence of human habitation during
12100-806: The southern limits of Kedah, which were formed by the river. The Hokkiens referred to the northern banks of the river as koay kang , which means "across the river". At the time, passengers from George Town would land at Perai and cross the river to get to Butterworth and the hinterland beyond. The term koay kang coincides with the Malay name Seberang Perai. [REDACTED] British East India Company 1800–1858 [REDACTED] British Raj 1858–1867 [REDACTED] Straits Settlements 1826–1941; 1945–1946 [REDACTED] Empire of Japan 1941–1945 [REDACTED] Malayan Union 1946–1948 [REDACTED] Federation of Malaya 1948–1963 [REDACTED] Malaysia 1963–present Seberang Perai bears evidence of human habitation during
12221-460: The spillover of development from George Town. Decades of economic growth and the availability of industrial land have led to substantial investments in infrastructure, including the completions of the Penang Bridge and the Second Penang Bridge that connect the municipality with George Town. The industrial sector has also spurred the development of newer townships within the municipality, such as Seberang Jaya and Batu Kawan . Seberang Perai
12342-460: The spillover of development from George Town. Decades of economic growth and the availability of industrial land have led to substantial investments in infrastructure, including the completions of the Penang Bridge and the Second Penang Bridge that connect the municipality with George Town. The industrial sector has also spurred the development of newer townships within the municipality, such as Seberang Jaya and Batu Kawan . Seberang Perai
12463-933: The strengthening of linkages with the global economy. In 1980, the Perai Free Industrial Zone was created with the aim of becoming a significant manufacturing hub for bulk items, taking advantage of its proximity to the Port of Penang and the railway line that connects it to the rest of western Peninsular Malaysia . Seberang Perai is now home to nine of Penang's industrial clusters – namely at Mak Mandin, Perai, Seberang Jaya , Bukit Tengah , Bukit Minyak , Simpang Ampat and Batu Kawan . The availability of industrial land has attracted several local and multinational companies (MNCs), such as Mattel , Flex , Sanmina , JinkoSolar , Honeywell and Lam Research . In 2022, Seberang Perai received investments worth nearly RM10.9 billion, which accounted for 79% of Penang's total inbound investments that year. Within
12584-854: The strengthening of linkages with the global economy. In 1980, the Perai Free Industrial Zone was created with the aim of becoming a significant manufacturing hub for bulk items, taking advantage of its proximity to the Port of Penang and the railway line that connects it to the rest of western Peninsular Malaysia . Seberang Perai is now home to nine of Penang's industrial clusters – namely at Mak Mandin, Perai, Seberang Jaya , Bukit Tengah , Bukit Minyak , Simpang Ampat and Batu Kawan . The availability of industrial land has attracted several local and multinational companies (MNCs), such as Mattel , Flex , Sanmina , JinkoSolar , Honeywell and Lam Research . In 2022, Seberang Perai received investments worth nearly RM10.9 billion, which accounted for 79% of Penang's total inbound investments that year. Within
12705-465: The territory containing the city was ceded to the British East India Company in 1800. It was named Province Wellesley and has been administered as part of Penang ever since. The territory became a centre for cash crop agriculture , while the development of new towns such as Butterworth and Bukit Mertajam followed with the advent of roads and railways towards the end of the 19th century. After Malaya's independence, Seberang Perai benefitted from
12826-477: The territory was acquired by the British East India Company (EIC) in 1800. The term "Seberang Perai" is believed to have emerged from a local expression used to refer to the northern banks of the Perai River . After the acquisition of Province Wellesley, the river became the boundary between British-held territory to the south and Kedah to the north. Seberang means "the other side" in Malay . The Thai word plāi ( Thai : ปลาย ), meaning "the end", referred to
12947-490: The town boards for Butterworth and Bukit Mertajam , and the Province Wellesley Rural Board, which administered the rest of the territory. The Seberang Perai City Council (MBSP) was formed following several reorganisations throughout the 20th century. In 1953, the Province Wellesley Rural Board was split into three rural district councils for the Northern , Central and Southern districts. After Malaya's independence,
13068-435: The town boards for Butterworth and Bukit Mertajam , and the Province Wellesley Rural Board, which administered the rest of the territory. The Seberang Perai City Council (MBSP) was formed following several reorganisations throughout the 20th century. In 1953, the Province Wellesley Rural Board was split into three rural district councils for the Northern , Central and Southern districts. After Malaya's independence,
13189-415: The two cities. Penang Sentral , a new transit-oriented development , has strengthened Seberang Perai's role as the logistics hub of northwestern Malaysia. Following decades of rapid urbanisation and infrastructural developments, Seberang Perai was conferred city status in 2019. Seberang Perai was originally named Province Wellesley after Richard Wellesley , who was the Governor-General of India when
13310-532: The two city governments in Penang, MBSP is led by a mayor, assisted by a secretary and 24 councillors who perform oversight responsibilities over 18 departments. The Penang state government appoints the mayor and councillors, with the councillors serving under an extendable one-year term. Local government elections were put in place in 1961, but were suspended due to the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation and have not been reinstated since. As of June 2024 ,
13431-472: The two city governments in Penang, MBSP is led by a mayor, assisted by a secretary and 24 councillors who perform oversight responsibilities over 18 departments. The Penang state government appoints the mayor and councillors, with the councillors serving under an extendable one-year term. Local government elections were put in place in 1961, but were suspended due to the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation and have not been reinstated since. As of June 2024 ,
13552-412: Was granted city status in 2019. Seberang Perai spans the entire mainland portion of Penang. With a total land mass of 747.8 km (288.7 sq mi), Seberang Perai is slightly larger than Singapore . The terrain of the city is mostly flat and alluvial , except for the hilly region that lays along its eastern border with Kedah. Standing at a height of 1,787 ft (545 m), Mertajam Hill
13673-412: Was granted city status in 2019. Seberang Perai spans the entire mainland portion of Penang. With a total land mass of 747.8 km (288.7 sq mi), Seberang Perai is slightly larger than Singapore . The terrain of the city is mostly flat and alluvial , except for the hilly region that lays along its eastern border with Kedah. Standing at a height of 1,787 ft (545 m), Mertajam Hill
13794-429: Was launched, further enhancing Batu Kawan as a retail destination. The Penang state government has undertaken initiatives to promote agritourism and ecotourism in Seberang Perai. The Penang Tourism Master Plan, formulated in 2021, identified the city's agricultural sector, as well as natural features like mangroves, mudflats and waterways, as having untapped tourism potential. Seberang Perai has historically been
13915-429: Was launched, further enhancing Batu Kawan as a retail destination. The Penang state government has undertaken initiatives to promote agritourism and ecotourism in Seberang Perai. The Penang Tourism Master Plan, formulated in 2021, identified the city's agricultural sector, as well as natural features like mangroves, mudflats and waterways, as having untapped tourism potential. Seberang Perai has historically been
14036-479: Was named Province Wellesley after Governor-General of India Richard Wellesley . The Perai River became the international border between British and Kedah territories. The EIC had sought to turn the island into an agricultural outpost. The annexation of Province Wellesley allowed for the expansion of the cash crop industry from the island to the mainland. This led to the harvesting of spices and sugar, which attracted migrants from China , India , Myanmar and
14157-479: Was named Province Wellesley after Governor-General of India Richard Wellesley . The Perai River became the international border between British and Kedah territories. The EIC had sought to turn the island into an agricultural outpost. The annexation of Province Wellesley allowed for the expansion of the cash crop industry from the island to the mainland. This led to the harvesting of spices and sugar, which attracted migrants from China , India , Myanmar and
14278-445: Was officially announced. With significant industrialisation since the 1970s, the city has been designated a "growth centre" within the George Town Conurbation . Nine of Penang's industrial clusters are located in the city, which has emerged as a significant recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI) and the seventh largest exporter in Malaysia . The development of newer townships has also driven economic diversification , with
14399-445: Was officially announced. With significant industrialisation since the 1970s, the city has been designated a "growth centre" within the George Town Conurbation . Nine of Penang's industrial clusters are located in the city, which has emerged as a significant recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI) and the seventh largest exporter in Malaysia . The development of newer townships has also driven economic diversification , with
14520-544: Was opened just a few months prior to the outbreak of hostilities between Britain and Japan in December 1941. As Japanese troops landed in Kota Bharu and Songkhla , Allied squadrons defending northern Malaya were decimated and had to retreat to RAF Butterworth by 8 December. The air base was subsequently attacked by Japanese bombers the following day. The Royal Air Force abandoned it on 15 December, and Penang fell to
14641-430: Was opened just a few months prior to the outbreak of hostilities between Britain and Japan in December 1941. As Japanese troops landed in Kota Bharu and Songkhla , Allied squadrons defending northern Malaya were decimated and had to retreat to RAF Butterworth by 8 December. The air base was subsequently attacked by Japanese bombers the following day. The Royal Air Force abandoned it on 15 December, and Penang fell to
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