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87-832: Bulacan , officially the Province of Bulacan ( Tagalog : Lalawigan ng Bulacan ; Kapampangan : Lalawigan ning Bulacan ), is a province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region . Its capital is the city of Malolos . Bulacan was established on August 15, 1578, and part of the Metro Luzon Urban Beltway Super Region . This province is a part of the Greater Manila Area . It has 572 barangays in 20 municipalities and four component cities ( Baliwag , Malolos

174-541: A common national language based on one of the existing native languages. After study and deliberation, the National Language Institute, a committee composed of seven members who represented various regions in the Philippines, chose Tagalog as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines. President Manuel L. Quezon then, on December 30, 1937, proclaimed

261-487: A national language is not without its own controversies. Instead of specifying Tagalog, the national language was designated as Wikang Pambansâ ("National Language") in 1939. Twenty years later, in 1959, it was renamed by then Secretary of Education, José E. Romero , as Pilipino to give it a national rather than ethnic label and connotation. The changing of the name did not, however, result in acceptance among non- Tagalogs , especially Cebuanos who had not accepted

348-453: A national language was strongly promoted; the 1943 Constitution specifying: "The government shall take steps toward the development and propagation of Tagalog as the national language." In 1959, the language was further renamed as "Pilipino". Along with English, the national language has had official status under the 1973 constitution (as "Pilipino") and the present 1987 constitution (as Filipino). The adoption of Tagalog in 1937 as basis for

435-545: A new landfill that would also be a tourist attraction opened in Norzagaray . Ramon Angelo Jr., president Waste Custodian Management Corp. stated: "I want them to see our system in our place which should not be abhorred because we are using the new state-of-the-art technology." November to April is generally dry while wet for the rest of the year. The northeast monsoon ( amihan ) prevails from October to January bringing in moderated and light rains. From February to April,

522-476: A new constitution was drawn up in 1987, it named Filipino as the national language. The constitution specified that as the Filipino language evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages. However, more than two decades after the institution of the "universalist" approach, there seems to be little if any difference between Tagalog and Filipino. Many of

609-612: A part: Northern (exemplified by the Bulacan dialect), Central (including Manila), Southern (exemplified by Batangas), and Marinduque. Some example of dialectal differences are: Perhaps the most divergent Tagalog dialects are those spoken in Marinduque. Linguist Rosa Soberano identifies two dialects, western and eastern, with the former being closer to the Tagalog dialects spoken in the provinces of Batangas and Quezon. One example

696-439: A poetic form of speech. Some inhabitants also speak Kapampangan , especially in areas close to the border of Pampanga. Bulacan Tagalog itself contains many loanwords of Kapampangan origin. Like mentioned aboved, Bulacan was natively Kapampangan when Spaniards arrived, but when British invaded Manila , the province became dominantly Tagalog after many Tagalog refugees from Manila and northern areas of Cavite escaped to Bulacan, where

783-513: A population of 3,708,890 people, the most populous in Central Luzon and the third most populous in the Philippines, after Cebu and Cavite . Bulacan's most populated city is San Jose del Monte , the most populated municipality is Santa Maria , while the least populated is Doña Remedios Trinidad yet the largest municipality in terms of area. In 1899, the historic Barasoain Church in Malolos

870-488: A province. On May 1, 2010, the province had 2,924,433 inhabitants with an annual population growth rate of 2.73 from the year 2000 to 2010, There were 588,693 households in the province with an average size of 4.8 persons. Bulacan had a median age of 23 years in 2007. As it is part of the Tagalog cultural sphere ( Katagalugan ), Tagalog is the predominant language of Bulacan. The Tagalog dialect spoken in Bulacan resembles

957-473: A stone column in the plaza of Bulacan in Memory of Fr. Manuel Blanco O.S.A. who died on April 1, 1845. In 1848, when the boundaries of Pampanga were changed, the region, which includes the important town of San Miguel de Mayumo and neighboring places that were formerly part of Pampanga, was adjudicated to Bulacan. In an earlier period during 1890, Malolos was a hot spot of Liberal Ilustrados , notably

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1044-541: A sudden downwards turn known as the 1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis , which in turn led to a period of economic difficulty and a significant rise of social unrest. With only a year left in his last constitutionally allowed term as president, Ferdinand Marcos placed the Philippines under Martial Law in September 1972 and thus retained the position for fourteen more years. This period in Philippine history

1131-538: A visita of Tondo, and it is not part of Calumpit as the boundary between Tondo and Calumpit was marked in Mambog River and placed the statue of Our Lady of Visitacion (patroness of Calumpit) was erected. It was gone and recreated in 1997 upon the re-establishment of the Roman Catholic Parish of Our Lady of Presentacion in Malolos. On April 30, 1578, the town of Bulakan was officially established by

1218-458: Is Tagalog dikít and Visayan & Bikol dukót . Proto-Philippine *r , *j , and *z merged with /d/ but is /l/ between vowels. Proto-Philippine *ŋajan (name) and *hajək (kiss) became Tagalog ngalan and halík . Adjacent to an affix, however, it becomes /r/ instead: bayád (paid) → bayaran (to pay). Proto-Philippine *R merged with /ɡ/ . *tubiR (water) and *zuRuʔ (blood) became Tagalog tubig and dugô . The word Tagalog

1305-637: Is also spoken natively by inhabitants living on the islands of Marinduque and Mindoro , as well as Palawan to a lesser extent. Significant minorities are found in the other Central Luzon provinces of Pampanga and Tarlac , Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur in Bicol Region, the Cordillera city of Baguio and various parts of Mindanao especially in the island's urban areas, but especially, more accurately and specifically, officially, sociolinguistically and linguistic politically as, through or in

1392-400: Is also the patron saint of Bulakan town, the first capital of the province. Officially, the province of Bulacan was created under Act 2711 on March 10, 1917. Bulacan covers a total area of 2,796.10 square kilometers (1,079.58 sq mi) occupying the southeastern section of the Central Luzon region. The province is bounded by Nueva Ecija ( San Isidro , Gapan , General Tinio ) on

1479-781: Is closely related to the languages spoken in the Bicol Region and the Visayas islands, such as the Bikol group and the Visayan group , including Waray-Waray , Hiligaynon and Cebuano . Tagalog differs from its Central Philippine counterparts with its treatment of the Proto-Philippine schwa vowel *ə . In most Bikol and Visayan languages, this sound merged with /u/ and [o] . In Tagalog, it has merged with /i/ . For example, Proto-Philippine *dəkət (adhere, stick)

1566-759: Is derived from the Tagalog word bulak , which means cotton in the English language. It is due to the abundance of cotton plant growing in the region. The First Constitutional Democracy in Asia was proclaimed in 1899 at the Barasoain Church in Malolos City , the capital of Bulacan. Bulacan is also the birthplace of the famous men and women of the country, like Marcelo H. del Pilar , known as "The Great Propagandist", and General Gregorio del Pilar who

1653-689: Is drained by the Angat and Pampanga rivers. The Sierra Madre mountain range forms the highlands of Bulacan in the east and is a protected area known as the Angat Watershed Forest Reserve . Angat Lake, which was formed by the Angat Dam is located in that area. The highest point in the province at 1,206 meters (3,957 ft) is Mount Oriod, part of the Sierra Madre. On January 19, 2008, an 18-hectare (44-acre) dump site ,

1740-748: Is famed as "The Tirad Pass Hero". The poet Francisco Balagtas , the singer Nicanor Abelardo , and the sculptor Guillermo Tolentino are some notable artists from Bulacan. The conquest of the area comprising present-day Bulacan traces to the first years of the Spanish in the Philippines. Upon the defeat of the Macabebe and Hagonoy forces led by Bambalito in the Battle of Bangkusay on June 3, 1571, Martín de Goiti to proceeded north, first to Lubao in September 1571. Two months later, on November 14, 1571, Goiti reached Malolos and Calumpit, respectively, and it

1827-464: Is known as the foremost Tagalog writer, his most notable work being the 19th-century epic Florante at Laura . Tagalog was declared the official language by the first revolutionary constitution in the Philippines, the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato in 1897. In 1935, the Philippine constitution designated English and Spanish as official languages, but mandated the development and adoption of

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1914-449: Is now considered to have five vowel phonemes following the introduction of two marginal phonemes from Spanish, /o/ and /e/. Nevertheless, simplification of pairs [o ~ u] and [ɛ ~ i] is likely to take place, especially in some Tagalog as second language, remote location and working class registers. The four diphthongs are /aj/ , /uj/ , /aw/ , and /iw/ . Long vowels are not written apart from pedagogical texts, where an acute accent

2001-554: Is possibly derived from the endonym taga-ilog ("river dweller"), composed of tagá- ("native of" or "from") and ilog ("river"), or alternatively, taga-alog deriving from alog ("pool of water in the lowlands"; "rice or vegetable plantation"). Linguists such as David Zorc and Robert Blust speculate that the Tagalogs and other Central Philippine ethno-linguistic groups originated in Northeastern Mindanao or

2088-745: Is primarily spoken in northern Philippines) are among the non-official languages of Hawaii that its state offices and state-funded entities are required to provide oral and written translations to its residents. Election ballots in Nevada include instructions written in Tagalog, which was first introduced in the 2020 United States presidential elections . Other countries with significant concentrations of overseas Filipinos and Tagalog speakers include Saudi Arabia with 938,490, Canada with 676,775, Japan with 313,588, United Arab Emirates with 541,593, Kuwait with 187,067, and Malaysia with 620,043. At present, no comprehensive dialectology has been done in

2175-572: Is remembered for the Marcos administration's record of human rights abuses , particularly targeting political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship. By this time, the social unrest of the pre-martial law period and the Marcos' violent responses to the protests of the time led many of the Philippines' youth, who previously held moderate positions calling for political reform, to be radicalized. Some were convinced to joined

2262-698: Is spoken in Soccsksargen , a southwestern region in Mindanao , as well as Cotabato City. This "hybrid" Tagalog dialect is a blend of Tagalog (including its dialects) with other languages where they are widely spoken and varyingly heard such as Hiligaynon (a regional lingua franca), Ilocano , Cebuano as well as Maguindanaon and other indigenous languages native to region, as a result of migraton from Panay , Negros , Cebu , Bohol , Siquijor , Ilocandia , Cagayan Valley , Cordillera Administrative Region , Central Luzon, Calabarzon, Mindoro and Marinduque since

2349-443: Is the national language of the Philippines, and is one of the latter's two official languages , alongside English . Tagalog, like the other and as one of the regional languages of the Philippines, which majority are Austronesian , is one of the auxiliary official languages of the Philippines in the regions and also one of the auxiliary media of instruction therein. Tagalog is closely related to other Philippine languages , such as

2436-507: Is the verb conjugation paradigms. While some of the affixes are different, Marinduque also preserves the imperative affixes, also found in Visayan and Bikol languages, that have mostly disappeared from most Tagalog early 20th century; they have since merged with the infinitive. The Manila Dialect is the basis for the national language. Outside of Luzon, a variety of Tagalog called Soccsksargen Tagalog (Sox-Tagalog, also called Kabacan Tagalog)

2523-413: Is used: á é í ó ú. The table above shows all the possible realizations for each of the five vowel sounds depending on the speaker's origin or proficiency. The five general vowels are in bold . Below is a chart of Tagalog consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word. Loanword variants using these phonemes are italicized inside

2610-668: The repartimiento (forced labor) among Indios . In 1582, the Spaniards won and defended Cagayan from Sino - Japanese pirates from possible terrorism and invasion. Former governor-general Francisco de Sande 's chief enemy and Manila's attorney-general Captain Gabriel de Rivera filed a complaint against Ronquillo de Peñalosa for being the captain-general of the Philippines for life. In 1583, upon processing of Rivera's complaint, Ronquillo de Peñalosa died at his house in Manila . He

2697-696: The Bikol languages , the Bisayan languages , Ilocano , Kapampangan , and Pangasinan , and more distantly to other Austronesian languages, such as the Formosan languages of Taiwan , Indonesian , Malay , Hawaiian , Māori , Malagasy , and many more. Tagalog is a Central Philippine language within the Austronesian language family. Being Malayo-Polynesian , it is related to other Austronesian languages, such as Malagasy , Javanese , Indonesian , Malay , Tetum (of Timor), and Yami (of Taiwan). It

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2784-708: The Eastern Visayas . Possible words of Old Tagalog origin are attested in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription from the tenth century, which is largely written in Old Malay . The first known complete book to be written in Tagalog is the Doctrina Christiana (Christian Doctrine), printed in 1593. The Doctrina was written in Spanish and two transcriptions of Tagalog; one in the ancient, then-current Baybayin script and

2871-696: The Palacio del Gobernador (Governor's Palace) in Intramuros , Manila to integrate all governmental activities in the Philippines. On 30 March 1582 he issued a decree stating that no person may leave the country without his permission. Ronquillo de Peñalosa, according to the content of his order, was informed that some Franciscan priests headed by Fray Pedro de Alfaro left the country in 1579 heading for mainland China. Around March 1582, as he continues, Franciscan Fray Pablo de Jesus and other missionaries re-entered China where they disseminate scandalous talks about

2958-514: The "20 Women of Malolos", who exerted pressure for education under Filipino professors. However, the first phase of the revolution ceased in 1897 with the signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato in San Miguel . Under its terms, the leaders of the revolution were to go to Hong Kong and reside there. Under the illusory peace created by the pact, the end of 1897 saw greater determination on the part of

3045-601: The 18th in the Philippines. Tagalog language Tagalog ( / t ə ˈ ɡ ɑː l ɒ ɡ / , tə- GAH -log ; [tɐˈɣaː.loɡ] ; Baybayin : ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜔ ) is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by the ethnic Tagalog people , who make up a quarter of the population of the Philippines , and as a second language by the majority, mostly as or through Filipino . Its standardized , codified, national or nationalized, intellectualized, more linguistically inclusive, more linguistically dynamic, and expanded or broadened form, officially named Filipino ,

3132-519: The 2000 Philippine Census, approximately 96% of the household population who were able to attend school could speak Tagalog, or especially or more accurately and specifically as, through or in the form of Filipino; and about 28% of the total population spoke it natively. The following regions and provinces of the Philippines are majority Tagalog-speaking, or also overlapping with being more accurately and specifically Filipino-speaking (from north to south): Tagalog speakers are also found in other parts of

3219-661: The 2020 census conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority , there were 109 million people living in the Philippines, where the vast majority have some basic level of understanding of the language, mostly, mainly, majority or predominantly because of Filipino. The Tagalog homeland, Katagalugan, covers roughly much of the central to southern parts of the island of Luzon — particularly in Aurora , Bataan , Batangas , Bulacan , Cavite , Laguna , Metro Manila , Nueva Ecija , Quezon , and Rizal . Tagalog

3306-472: The Archbishop of Manila. Franciscan friars Juan Plasencia and Fray Diego de Oropesa founded Meycauayan in 1578, and for a time it was the capital of the province of Meycauayan (which differs from Western Bulacan, administered by Augustinian Order since 1572). The Meycauayan people were able to flourish and became so rich that their sons were six of the best in the then-Province of Meycauayan. These were

3393-518: The Augustinians, with Fray Diego Vivar as its first prior, and the convent was dedicated to San Agustin; when this was changed to Our Lady of Assumption is uncertain. It was reported that the western part of present-day Bulacan was to be very well-populated and rich. There is no documentation of the exact year and date when the Alcaldia de Calumpit was dissolved nor of the exact foundation year of

3480-638: The British through Sir Francis Drake . In his dated letter of 16 June 1582, Ronquillo de Peñalosa suggested to the King of Spain of further fortifications of Spanish footholds in the country. He also said that the Spaniards must dominate the Portuguese in Moluccas, and planned for possible seizing of Macau from Portugal. In a reply letter from the King, Philip II instructed the governor on how to initiate

3567-625: The Center for Bulacan Studies, and Isagani Giron of the Samahang Pangkasaysayan ng Bulacan (Sampaka) shows that Bulacan was identified as a visita of Tondo in 1578. With regards to exact date of foundation of Bulacan as a province, Veneracion correlated it with the Spanish practice of dedicating the founding of a pueblo to the feast of a patron saint . In the case of Bulacan it is the Nuestra Señora de la Asuncion , which

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3654-474: The Filipinos to carry on the revolutionary struggle. In early 1898, the provinces of Zambales , Ilocos , Pampanga, Bulacan, Laguna , Pangasinan , Nueva Ecija , Tarlac , and Camarines rose again. In Central Luzon , a revolutionary government was organized under General Francisco Macabulos , a Kapampangan revolutionary leader of La Paz, Tarlac . Pandi was, in 1896-97, with the "Kakarong Republic",

3741-501: The Philippines and especially, more accurately and specifically, officially, sociolinguistically and linguistic politically as and through its standardized, codified, national or nationalized, intellectualized, more linguistically inclusive, more linguistically dynamic, and expanded or broaden form of, as and through Filipino , and the language serves as the national lingua franca of the country, but especially or more accurately and specifically as and through Filipino. Tagalog serves as

3828-487: The Tagalog-speaking regions, though there have been descriptions in the form of dictionaries and grammars of various Tagalog dialects. Ethnologue lists Manila, Lubang, Marinduque , Bataan (Western Central Luzon), Batangas , Bulacan (Eastern Central Luzon), Tanay-Paete (Rizal-Laguna), and Tayabas (Quezon) as dialects of Tagalog; however, there appear to be four main dialects, of which the aforementioned are

3915-644: The United States Census Bureau's 2015 American Consumer Survey shows that Tagalog is the most commonly spoken non-English language after Spanish in California , Nevada , and Washington states. Tagalog is one of three recognized languages in San Francisco , California, along with Spanish and Chinese, making all essential city services be communicated using these languages along with English. Meanwhile, Tagalog and Ilocano (which

4002-411: The angle brackets. Glottal stop is not indicated. Glottal stops are most likely to occur when: Stress is a distinctive feature in Tagalog. Primary stress occurs on either the final or the penultimate syllable of a word. Vowel lengthening accompanies primary or secondary stress except when stress occurs at the end of a word. Tagalog words are often distinguished from one another by the position of

4089-616: The area called Toril (now part of Meycauayan) and their headquarters. Also in 1578, Plasencia established the Town of Meycauayan. Its pueblos were first only settlements of the Old Meycauayan , founded by Franciscan The province of Bulacan is on the island of Luzon and is one of the most important Alcadias de Termino . Civilly and politically it corresponds to the Audiencia y capitanía general de Filipinas and spiritually belongs to

4176-429: The areas of Calumpit (the capital), Capalangan, Cabangbangan and Hagonoy, which made up the Alcaldia's villages . Then Loarca mentioned that Alcaldia de Bulacan had Bulakan (its capital), Malolos, Caluya, Guguinto, Binto and Catanghalan (instead of Meycauayan) as its encomiendas , which formerly had one alcalde (mayor), though Loarca wrote that Alcaldia de Bulacan was formed in 1580 at the time of Peñalosa. Accrding to

4263-506: The arrival of the Spanish in 1521 and the beginning of their colonization in 1565, Tagalog was written in an abugida —or alphasyllabary —called Baybayin . This system of writing gradually gave way to the use and propagation of the Latin alphabet as introduced by the Spanish. As the Spanish began to record and create grammars and dictionaries for the various languages of the Philippine archipelago, they adopted systems of writing closely following

4350-629: The auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein. In 2009, the Department of Education promulgated an order institutionalizing a system of mother-tongue based multilingual education ("MLE"), wherein instruction is conducted primarily in a student's mother tongue (one of the various regional Philippine languages) until at least grade three, with additional languages such as Filipino and English being introduced as separate subjects no earlier than grade two. In secondary school, Filipino and English become

4437-671: The capitol building at Guinhawa, Malolos. In 1942, at the height of World War II , the Japanese Imperial Army occupied Bulacan and made Casa Real de Malolos its headquarters. In 1945, combined Filipino and American forces and local guerrillas attacked the Japanese Imperial Forces and liberated Bulacan. After the war, Bulacan was embroiled in the Hukbalahap Rebellion . In February 1945, Huk Squadron 77 composed of 109 veteran guerillas

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4524-521: The colony. In June 1582, the first bishop of Manila Domingo de Salazar arrived at the Philippines. That same month, Jesuit missionaries successfully entered the Islands. Ronquillo de Peñalosa also reported that they successfully conquered and annexed the last of Moluccan Islands —the Tidore . He also reported to the King that the other island, Ternate was threatened by conquests and invasions from

4611-701: The common language among Overseas Filipinos , though its use overseas is usually limited to communication between Filipino ethnic groups . The largest concentration of Tagalog speakers outside the Philippines is found in the United States , wherein 2020, the United States Census Bureau reported (based on data collected in 2018) that it was the fourth most-spoken non-English language at home with over 1.7 million speakers, behind Spanish , French , and Chinese (with figures for Cantonese and Mandarin combined). A study based on data from

4698-779: The country in Baliwag on May 6, 1899. At the beginning of the American rule , 1899–1900, Malolos became the headquarters of the Military Governor of the Philippines at Casa Real. On February 27, 1901, the Philippine Commission officially transferred the seat of government to Malolos, and the Casa Real de Malolos was the seat of the Provincial Governor from 1900 to 1930 until the completion of

4785-638: The document of Governor-General Luis Pérez Dasmariñas in the Account of the Encomiendas for the King of Spain furnished on June 21, 1591, the Alcaldia of Bulacan was part of La Pampanga with the Encomiendas subject to it such as the Encomiendas of Malolos (3,600 persons), Binto (2,000 persons), Guiguinto (2,000 persons), Caluya (2,800 persons), Mecabayan (2,800 persons) and Bulacan identified as " capital" and residence of "alcalde mayor" with 4,800 persons. In

4872-525: The early epicenter of revolutionary fevor. Despite its defeat in the Battle of Kakarong de Sili , the memory of the Kakarong defenders still remain as part of the history and heritage of Bulacan as the first organized revolutionary government established in the era of the Revolution. The Americans established a local Philippine government in the Philippines when they held the first municipal election in

4959-447: The east trade winds predominate but the Sierra Madre (Philippines) mountain range to the east disrupts the winds resulting to a dry period. From May to September, the southwest monsoon ( habagat ). The hottest month is May with an average temperature of 29.7 °C (85.5 °F) while the coldest is February with an average temperature of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F). Bulacan is subdivided into 20 municipalities and 4 cities . As

5046-402: The encomiendas of Calumpit and Malolos were unified and co-administered by Moron and Herrera. Also in that year, Alcaldia de Calumpit was formed in which the areas of Macabebe, Candaba, Apalit in Pampanga, and the settlements of Meyto, Panducot, Meysulao, and Malolos. On December 28, 1575, Governor-General Francisco Sande ordered to include Hagonoy in Calumpit. In 1575, Bulakan was established as

5133-453: The first Tagalog dictionary, his Vocabulario de la lengua tagala in Pila, Laguna . The first substantial dictionary of the Tagalog language was written by the Czech Jesuit missionary Pablo Clain in the beginning of the 18th century. Clain spoke Tagalog and used it actively in several of his books. He prepared the dictionary, which he later passed over to Francisco Jansens and José Hernandez. Further compilation of his substantial work

5220-552: The first inhabitants of Bulacan, whose language is also called Alta Kabulowan. Their language is currently endangered due to a present influx of Tagalog speakers. Being bordered by Metro Manila from its south, people from farther provinces settled in Bulacan, resulting in minor but significant usage of non-native languages in the province such as Cebuano , Hiligaynon , Waray , Maranao , Maguindanaon , Tausug , Ilocano , Pangasinan and Bicolano . San Jose del Monte, Santa Maria , Malolos , Marilao , San Miguel and Norzagaray bear

5307-414: The form of Filipino. Tagalog or Filipino is also the predominant language of Cotabato City in Mindanao , making it the only place outside of Luzon with a native Tagalog-speaking or also a Filipino-speaking majority. It is also the main lingua franca in Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao , but especially or more accurately and specifically as, through or in the form of Filipino. According to

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5394-437: The highest numbers of English speakers in the province. Roman Catholic (89.44%) is the predominant religion in the province. Malolos City is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Malolos , with its mother church, the Minor Basilica and Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception . On March 21, 2021, Sta. Maria Church was also granted the status of Minor Basilica by Pope Francis. It became Bulacan's second Minor Basilica and

5481-423: The largest one is that of Angat. Angat River passes through the towns of Norzagaray, Angat, Bustos, San Rafael, Baliwag, Plaridel, Pulilan, and Calumpit. It flows thence into the Pampanga River , goes out again, washes Hagonoy, and loses itself in the mangroves. The banks of these rivers are very fertile and are covered with trees. Bulacan lies in the southern portion of the fertile plains of Central Luzon. The area

5568-465: The national language in all public and private schools in the country. Article XIV, Section 6 of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines specifies, in part: Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of instruction in the educational system. Under Section 7, however: The regional languages are

5655-427: The newly-formed New People's Army as a last desperate way to resist Marcos' authoritarianism. On June 21, 1982, a group of young activists opposing the Marcos dictatorship tried to help farmers form a local chapter of Alyansa ng Magbubukid sa Gitnang Luzon (AMLG). They were arrested by armed soldiers from the 175th Philippine Constabulary Company and were found dead the following day in San Rafael, Bulacan. The name of

5742-399: The north, Aurora ( Dingalan ) on the northeast, Quezon ( General Nakar ) on the east, Rizal ( Rodriguez ) on the southeast, Metro Manila ( Valenzuela City , Malabon , Navotas , Caloocan and Quezon City ) on the south, Manila Bay on the southwest, and Pampanga ( Candaba , San Luis , Apalit , Macabebe , Masantol ) on the west. Several rivers irrigate the province of Bulacan;

5829-411: The older generation in the Philippines feel that the replacement of English by Tagalog in the popular visual media has had dire economic effects regarding the competitiveness of the Philippines in trade and overseas remittances. Upon the issuance of Executive Order No. 134 , Tagalog was declared as basis of the National Language. On April 12, 1940, Executive No. 263 was issued ordering the teaching of

5916-432: The original Kapampangan settlers welcomed them and assimilated to them. Many place names of Kapampangan origin are evident in the province, like Malolos, Baliwag, Guiguinto, Pandi, Quingwa (former name of Plaridel), & San Miguel de Mayumo. Three municipalities ( San Miguel , Doña Remedios Trinidad , and Norzagaray ) and one city ( San Jose del Monte ) are the homelands of the Alta Kabulowan (also known as Dumagat people),

6003-542: The original Kapampangan settlers welcomed them. Bulacan, along with Nueva Ecija, was natively Kapampangan when Spaniards arrived. Majority of Kapampangans sold their lands to the newly-arrived Tagalog settlers and others intermarried with and assimilated to the Tagalog, which made Bulacan dominantly Tagalog. In 1774, authorities from Bulacan, Tondo, Laguna Bay, and other areas surrounding Manila reported with consternation that discharged soldiers and deserters (from Mexico, Spain and Peru) were providing Indios military training for

6090-411: The orthographic customs of the Spanish language and were refined over the years. Until the first half of the 20th century, most Philippine languages were widely written in a variety of ways based on Spanish orthography. Gonzalo Ronquillo de Pe%C3%B1alosa His first official action was to order Manila to become Philippines 's political and economic capital in 1582. That same year, he established

6177-449: The other in an early Spanish attempt at a Latin orthography for the language. Throughout the 333 years of Spanish rule, various grammars and dictionaries were written by Spanish clergymen. In 1610, the Dominican priest Francisco Blancas de San José published the Arte y reglas de la lengua tagala (which was subsequently revised with two editions in 1752 and 1832) in Bataan. In 1613, the Franciscan priest Pedro de San Buenaventura published

6264-479: The population is concentrated in the southern half of the province, so are the legislative districts . The population of Bulacan in the 2020 census was 3,708,890 people, making it the second most populous province in the country, only behind from Cavite , which is also located in Luzon. It had a density of 1,300 inhabitants per square kilometer or 3,400 inhabitants per square mile, the country's 4th highest for

6351-509: The primary languages of instruction, with the learner's first language taking on an auxiliary role. After pilot tests in selected schools, the MLE program was implemented nationwide from School Year (SY) 2012–2013. Tagalog is the first language of a quarter of the population of the Philippines (particularly in Central and Southern Luzon) and the second language for the majority. According to

6438-459: The province of Bulacan. It has only been documented that Malolos (then part of Calumpit in 1572) was first to appear as part of Alcaldia de Bulacan in 1582. It may be assumed that the reorganization of encomiendas occurred between 1580 and 1582 at the time of Governor-General Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa . The same document, also from the 1582 Relacion de las Islas Filipinas by Miguel de Loarca, reports that Alcaldia de Calumpit had jurisdiction in

6525-402: The provincial capital, Meycauayan , and San Jose del Monte the largest city). Bulacan is located immediately north of Metro Manila . Bordering Bulacan are the provinces of Pampanga to the west, Nueva Ecija to the north, Aurora and Quezon to the east, and Metro Manila and Rizal to the south. Bulacan also lies on the north-eastern shore of Manila Bay . In the 2020 census, Bulacan had

6612-504: The same 1591 document, it was mentioned that "Calumpit y Hagonoy" belonged to Juan Moron with 12,800 persons, 2 Augustinian Convents, and 1 Alcalde Mayor of its own. However, the establishment and development of the southern part of present-day Bulacan were not simultaneous and identified with the West. In 1578, the Order of Friars Minor, headed by Juan de Plasencia and Diego Oropesa, arrived in

6699-534: The selection of the Tagalog language to be used as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines. In 1939, President Quezon renamed the proposed Tagalog-based national language as Wikang Pambansâ (national language). Quezon himself was born and raised in Baler, Aurora , which is a native Tagalog-speaking area. Under the Japanese puppet government during World War II , Tagalog as

6786-414: The selection. The national language issue was revived once more during the 1971 Constitutional Convention . The majority of the delegates were even in favor of scrapping the idea of a "national language" altogether. A compromise solution was worked out—a "universalist" approach to the national language, to be called Filipino rather than Pilipino . The 1973 constitution makes no mention of Tagalog. When

6873-649: The so-called Bulacan Martyrs was added to the Bantayog ng mga Bayani's 'Wall of Remembrance' in 2012. Through Presidential Decree № 824 , Bulacan was partitioned on November 7, 1975, to form the National Capital Region . The municipality of Valenzuela was excised to form the new region, while the other 25 towns remained in Bulacan. To determine the tentative date of Bulacan's foundation and to trace its roots from colonial period, efforts and research conducted by Jaime Veneracion, Reynaldo Naguit of

6960-412: The stress or the presence of a final glottal stop. In formal or academic settings, stress placement and the glottal stop are indicated by a diacritic ( tuldík ) above the final vowel. The penultimate primary stress position ( malumay ) is the default stress type and so is left unwritten except in dictionaries. Tagalog, like other Philippines languages today, is written using the Latin alphabet. Prior to

7047-564: The towns of Bocaue, Polo, San Jose del Monte, Santa Maria de Pandi, Obando and Marilao). During the General Visitation of October 5, 1762, by Don Simón de Anda y Salazar , the province was headed by Capitan Don Jose Pasarin, alcalde mayor of the province. 1795–96, Don Manuel Piñon was the alcalde mayor. In the same year, British occupation of Manila happened, and many Tagalog refugees from Manila & north areas of Cavite escaped to Bulacan and to neighboring Nueva Ecija, where

7134-430: The turn of 20th century, therefore making the region a melting pot of cultures and languages. Tagalog has 21 phonemes : 16 of them are consonants and 5 are vowels . Native Tagalog words follow CV(C) syllable structure, though complex consonant clusters are permitted in loanwords. Tagalog has five vowels, and four diphthongs. Tagalog originally had three vowel phonemes: /a/ , /i/ , and /u/ . Tagalog

7221-429: The weapons that had been disseminated all over the territory during the British war. By the end of the 1700s, Bulacan had 16,586 native families and 2,007 Spanish Filipino families . According to the "Guia de 1839", Bulacan province on the island of Luzon, Philippines, was governed by a mayor and consisted of 19 pueblos, 36,394 tributes and 181,970 souls. D. Felipe Gobantes, Alcalde of the province of Bulacan erected

7308-479: Was prepared by P. Juan de Noceda and P. Pedro de Sanlucar and published as Vocabulario de la lengua tagala in Manila in 1754 and then repeatedly reedited, with the last edition being in 2013 in Manila. Among others, Arte de la lengua tagala y manual tagalog para la administración de los Santos Sacramentos (1850) in addition to early studies of the language. The indigenous poet Francisco Balagtas (1788–1862)

7395-405: Was reported to Adelantado Miguel Lopez de Legazpi , the first Governor-General of the Philippines . Adelantado established Calumpit and Malolos as an encomienda entrusted to Sargento Juan Moron (Morones in other documents) and Don Marcos de Herrera. These two conquistadores were one of the first group of conquerors accompanied by Legaspi who have arrived in the Islands in 1565. On April 5, 1572,

7482-403: Was surrounded, shot, and buried in a mass grave in Malolos. The beginning months of the 1970s marked a period of turmoil and change in the Philippines, as well as in Bulacan. During his bid to be the first Philippine president to be re-elected for a second term, Ferdinand Marcos launched an unprecedented number of foreign debt-funded public works projects. This caused the Philippine economy took

7569-560: Was the birthplace of the First Philippine Republic , sometimes described as the first constitutional democracy in Asia. On November 7, 2018, the Provincial Government of Bulacan bagged its fourth Seal of Good Local Governance award. The SGLG award is a progressive assessment system that gives distinction to remarkable governance performance. The name Bulacan was named after the town Bulakan which

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