Misplaced Pages

#926073

61-764: The breed dates back to the 16th century and originates in the Castilian plateau , which is very widespread. It is very probable that the breed participated in the creation of other races of this group. The breed is believed to have descended from a mix of the Sabueso Español and the Pachón Navarro (also known as the Perros de Punta Ibericos). The figure of the Burgos Pointer is perhaps not so style crystallized as other breeds in their group (such as

122-480: A European Union (EU) student-exchange programme, and each semester hosts students from various countries across the 15-state European Union, as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Malta and associated countries in Eastern Europe. Additionally, university students from various regions around the world including China, Latin and North America are able to participate in exchange programmes to study abroad at

183-403: A UNESCO World Heritage Site . The Cathedral is the resting place for El Cid (the famous knight from Medieval Spain's history) and his wife Dona Jimena. The west front is flanked by towers terminating in octagonal spires covered with open stonework traceries. The middle section, which serves as an entrance, has three alabaster pilasters, the intercolumnar spaces bearing panel-pictures representing

244-491: A centre of trade between the Bay of Biscay and the south, which attracted an unusually large foreign merchant population, who became part of the city oligarchy and excluded other foreigners. Throughout the 13th and 14th centuries, Burgos was a favourite seat of the kings of León and Castile and a favoured burial site. The consejo or urban commune of Burgos was firmly in the hands of an oligarchic class of caballeros villanos ,

305-514: A particular semantic codification/closure of the concept (a dialogical construct) are connected to essentialist arguments relying on the reification of something that does not exist beyond the social action of those building Castile not only by identifying with it as a homeland of any kind, but also in opposition to it . A hot topic concerning the concept of Castile is its relation with Spain, insofar intellectuals, politicians, writers, or historians have either endorsed, nuanced or rejected

366-673: A weapons factory. After its destruction by the French during the War of Independence in 1813, there are hardly any buildings left standing. From the Castle it is possible to see fantastic views of the city. Burgos has a total of 10 museums, the newest being the Museum of Human Evolution (the 10th most visited museum in Spain). The Museum of Human Evolution was inaugurated on 13 July 2010. Its foundation

427-658: Is a World Heritage Site . Burgos was selected as the "Spanish Gastronomy Capital" of 2013. In 2015 UNESCO named it "City of Gastronomy", and it has been part of the Creative Cities Network since then. There are several possible origins for the toponymy. When the city was founded, the inhabitants of the surrounding country moved into the fortified village, whose Visigothic name of Burgos signified consolidated walled villages (Gothic baurgs ). The cities Burgas in Bulgaria and numerous cities containing

488-606: Is a gentle, quiet dog, and is rarely startled. It does not do well in urban environments. It is intelligent and learns easily when it comes to hunting. Like many other breeds of this group, this is a dog hunter, used exclusively in countryside environments. It's used for both hunting hare ( rabbits , hares , etc.). and feather ( birds ). It is perfect for hunting in any terrain (hard as it is) as it has excellent physical endurance and speed. Castile (historical region) Castile or Castille ( / k æ ˈ s t iː l / ; Spanish : Castilla [kasˈtiʎa] )

549-532: Is a staple country food known across the Iberian peninsula. Spiced with onions and herbs its most noticeable content is rice (often mistaken for fat) which makes it one of the lightest and healthiest products of its kind. Oral tradition says that it must be "salty, smooth and piquant" (see Spanish pages Burgos (desambiguación)  [ es ] for details). As with the Queso de Burgos, several comarcas or towns in

610-603: Is a territory of imprecise limits located in Spain . The use of the concept of Castile relies on the assimilation (via a metonymy ) of a 19th-century determinist geographical notion, that of Castile as Spain's centro mesetario ("tableland core", connected to the Meseta Central ) with a long-gone historical entity of diachronically variable territorial extension (the Kingdom of Castile ). The proposals advocating for

671-430: Is acceptable for people with sensitive digestion. Burgos is blessed with a moderate climate and this fresh cheese was able to be conserved there without the need for curing of more than 10 days. With the improvement of aseptic industrial production processes this can be extended to about 30 days at a cool 6 °C. Its production reaches 35,000 tons annually. Morcilla de Burgos , a pig's-blood sausage ( black pudding ),

SECTION 10

#1732801676927

732-490: Is based on the archaeological site of Atapuerca located 20 km (12 mi) east of Burgos. The Atapuerca site has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site . It contains several caves, where fossils and stone tools of the earliest known hominids in West Europe have been found, near Atapuerca Mountains . The museum also allows the visitor to travel to the archaeological site and biological park. It summarizes

793-595: Is called LOE ( Ley Orgánica de Educación ). Often abbreviated 'UBU', the University of Burgos is a public university with about 10,000 students studying over 30 different undergraduate degrees, over 20 PhD Programmes, as well as several Official Masters and other graduate courses. It was established in 1994 when it was divided from the University of Valladolid . UBU cooperates with the Erasmus Project ,

854-721: Is composed of two octagonal sections in Corinthian style . The Monasterio de las Huelgas Reales (Monastery of the Royal Retreats) on the outskirts of the city, was founded in 1180 by king Alfonso VIII , and was begun in a pre-Gothic style, although almost every style has been introduced over many additions. The remarkable cloisters have been described as "unrivalled for beauty both of detail and design, and perhaps unsurpassed by anything in its age and style in any part of Europe" (1911 Encyclopædia Britannica ). One cloister has semicircular arches with delicate and varied columns;

915-536: Is drier than Spain's coastal regions, although there is year-round precipitation. Average annual precipitation is 546 mm (21.5 in) and the average annual relative humidity is 72%. In winter, temperatures very often (almost every day) drop below freezing, often reaching temperatures as low as −10 °C (14 °F), and snowfalls are common, while the summer months see average high temperatures of 27.5 °C (81.5 °F). The lowest recorded temperature in Burgos

976-438: Is short, bushy and smooth. Height : Males from 62 to 67 centimetres (24 to 26 inches) and females from 59 to 64 centimetres (23 to 25 inches). Weight : 25 to 30 kilograms (55 to 66 pounds). If kept in its natural environment, care is rarely needed given its perfect adaptation to the environment. Like so many other breeds of hunting dogs , they require daily exercise and large doses of wide open spaces where they run. It

1037-418: Is surrounded by wheat fields. Burgos is a very industrial city, with a secondary sector widely developed. The city has the biggest industrial park of north Spain, called Villalonquéjar . The city is the headquarters of Grupo Antolin , designer and manufacturer of interior automotive components. It is also the headquarters for south Europe Benteler International . It employs the bigger percentage in

1098-465: The hermandades or confraternities like the Sarracín and Bonifaz succeeded in monopolising the post of alcalde , or mayor; a special court, the alcalde del rey was first mentioned at Burgos in 1281. By the reign of Alfonso X , the exemption of the non-noble knights and religious corporations, combined with exorbitant gifts and grants to monasteries and private individuals, placed great stress on

1159-445: The 1833 territorial division of Spain . Originally an eastern county of the kingdom of León , in the 11th century, Castile became an independent realm with its capital at Burgos . The County of Castile, which originally included most of Burgos and parts of Vizcaya , Álava , Cantabria and La Rioja , became the leading force in the northern Christian states' 800-year Reconquista ("reconquest") of central and southern Spain from

1220-666: The Crown of Aragon and the Kingdom of Navarre , the definition of what constituted Castile gradually began to change. Its historical capital was Burgos . In modern Spain, it is generally considered to comprise Castile and León and Castile–La Mancha , with Madrid as its centre. West Castile and León, Albacete , Cantabria and La Rioja are sometimes included in the definition (controversial for historical, political, and cultural reasons ). Since 1982 there have been two nominally Castilian autonomous communities in Spain, incorporating

1281-509: The English Pointer ), but conveys a clear sense of robustness thanks to its port square. Things to note are their long ears and two folded sheets in the form of double chin. The tail is usually cut off a third of its original length. Colour : It has two color variations: one where the basic color is stained and/or combined with other brown and brown, where the basic color is brown which is, in this case, white spotted. Coat : The fur

SECTION 20

#1732801676927

1342-574: The Germanic burg "city" such as Hamburg have a similar literal composition. The city began to be called Caput Castellae ("Cabeza de Castilla" or "Head of Castile"). Early humans occupied sites around Burgos as early as 800,000 years ago. When the Romans took possession of what is now the province of Burgos, the site had been a Celtic city. In Roman times, it belonged to Hispania Citerior ("Hither Spain") and then to Hispania Tarraconensis . In

1403-603: The Jesuits , and the Hospital del Rey are also of historic and architectural interest. Among the other interesting architectural structures, in the walls of the city are the gateway of Santa María , erected for the first entrance of the Emperor Charles V , and the arch of Fernán González. Construction on Burgos' Gothic Cathedral began in 1221 and spanned mainly from the 13th to 15th centuries. It has been declared

1464-582: The Kings of León , continued to be governed by counts and was gradually extended; one of these counts, Fernán González, established his independence. In the 11th century, the city became the see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Burgos and the capital of the Kingdom of Castile . Burgos was a major stop for pilgrims on the French Way the most popular path to Santiago de Compostela and

1525-602: The Moorish rulers who had dominated most of the peninsula since the early 8th century. The capture of Toledo in 1085 added New Castile to the crown's territories, and the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) heralded the Moors' loss of most of southern Spain. The kingdom of León was integrated in the Crown of Castile in 1230, and the following decades saw the capture of Córdoba (1236), Murcia (1243) and Seville (1248). By

1586-656: The Moors , the struggles between León and Navarre, and between Castile and Aragon . In the Peninsular War against Napoleonic France, the siege of Burgos (between 19 September to 21 October) was a scene of a withdrawal for Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington . Again in the 19th-century Carlist civil wars of the Spanish succession Burgos was the scene of a battle. During the Spanish Civil War , Burgos

1647-603: The Treaty of Alcaçovas with Portugal on March 6, 1460, the ownership of the Canary Islands was transferred to Castile. The dynastic union of Castile and Aragon in 1469, when Ferdinand II of Aragon wed Isabella I of Castile , would eventually lead to the formal creation of Spain as a single entity in 1516 when their grandson Charles V assumed both thrones. See List of Spanish monarchs and Kings of Spain family tree . The Muslim Kingdom of Granada (roughly encompassing

1708-530: The province of Burgos . Burgos is situated in the north of the Iberian Peninsula , on the confluence of the Arlanzón river tributaries, at the edge of the central plateau . The municipality has a population of about 180,000 inhabitants. The Camino de Santiago runs through Burgos. Founded in 885 by the second Count of Castile , Diego Rodríguez Porcelos , Burgos soon became the leading city of

1769-526: The reconquista . It was eventually dispersed throughout the Spanish empire following the conquest and colonization of the Americas, and Spain after the union of the Catholic Monarchs 's kingdoms being co-spoken with other languages. Of the many different variations and dialects found throughout the world, it's argued that the purest Spanish can be found in the region of Burgos due to the fact that

1830-462: The toponym in their own official names: Castile and Leon and Castile-La Mancha . A third, the Community of Madrid is also regarded as part of Castile, by dint of its geographic enclosure within the entity and, above all, by the statements of its Statute of Autonomy, since its autonomic process originated in national interest and not in popular disaffection with Castile. Other territories in

1891-434: The " Silos Glosses ", recorded in the Burgos monastery of Santo Domingo de Silos. Burgos province is famous in gastronomy for: Queso de Burgos , a white cheese which is soft and unctuous (because it is made with whey ). Although originally made with sheep's milk, now cow's milk or mixtures are more common. Each comarca (rural district) produces a minor variation, and the major dairies produce an industrial product that

Burgos Pointer - Misplaced Pages Continue

1952-563: The "peasant knights" of Burgos, who provided the monarchs with a mounted contingent: in 1255 and 1266 royal charters granted relief from taxes to those citizens of Burgos who owned horses and could arm themselves, provided that they continue to live within the city walls. The merchant oligarchy succeeded the cathedral chapter as the major purchasers of land after 1250; they carried on their mercantile business in common with municipal or royal functions and sent their sons to England and Flanders to gain experience in overseas trade. A few families within

2013-551: The 13th century, many kabbalists began moving to Burgos. After new restrictions were imposed on Jews, and they began to suffer from more violent acts of antisemitism, many converted to Christianity. The most well-known convert from Burgos, Paul of Burgos , was originally a Spanish Jew named Solomon Halevi. During the Edict of Expulsion in 1492, most Jews in Burgos became conversos rather than fleeing Spain. Those who did went to Portugal. At an elevation of 865 metres (2,838 ft),

2074-551: The 1980s. In 1833, Spain was further subdivided into administrative provinces . Two non-administrative, nominally Castilian regions existed from 1833 to 1982: Old Castile , including Santander (autonomous community of Cantabria since 1981), Burgos , Logroño (autonomous community of La Rioja since 1982), Palencia , Valladolid , Soria , Segovia and Ávila , and New Castile consisting of Madrid (autonomous community of Madrid since 1983), Guadalajara , Cuenca , Toledo and Ciudad Real . The language of Castile emerged as

2135-737: The 5th century, the Visigoths drove back the Suebi , then the Berbers occupied almost all of Castile in the 8th century, though only for a very brief period, and left little if any trace of their occupation. King Alfonso III the Great of León reconquered it about the middle of the 9th century, and built several castles for the defence of Christendom, which was then extended through the reconquest of lost territory. The region came to be known as Castile (Latin castella ), i.e. "(land of) castles". Burgos

2196-684: The Main Square "Plaza Mayor" and the Promenade of the Espolón "Paseo del Espolón," on the side street, Travesía del Mercado nº3, you find the Fadrique de Basilea Book Museum "Museo del Libro Fadrique de Basilea", of the Burgos publisher, Siloé, a cosy museum that shows the history of the book from its first written form to its modern electronic form. State Education in Spain is free, and compulsory from 6 to 16 years. The current education system

2257-482: The University of Burgos. In total, the University of Burgos has education agreements with over 100 international academic institutions. Isabella I of Castile University Isabella I of Castile University , established in 2008, is a private state-recognized university located in Burgos. It was fully accredited by the Spanish Government in 2011. Most of the parks in the city of Burgos can be found along

2318-671: The advent of the Bourbon Monarchy following the War of the Spanish Succession until the arrival of parliamentary democracy in 1977, the Castilian language was the only one with official status in the Spanish state. Burgos Burgos ( Spanish: [ˈbuɾɣos] ) is a city in Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León . It is the capital and most populated municipality of

2379-511: The city and is represented by the public sector (production, delivery and allocation of goods and services), due to the capital status. The city has a complete culture infrastructure, remarked by the Auditorio y Palacio de Congresos de Burgos , which opened in mid-2012. Spanish , also called Castilian, originated in Castile and spread throughout the Crown of Castile's possessions following

2440-508: The city has grown since then in terms of economic activity. At the regional level, Burgos forms part of an economic axis together with the cities of Valladolid and Palencia . In 2008, the international Burgos Airport started to service commercial flights. The Museum of Human Evolution opened here in 2010. The museum features remains of the first hominins in Europe , who lived in this area 750,000-800,000 years ago. The Cathedral of Burgos

2501-440: The city of Burgos lies in the transition zone between a Warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb ) and an Oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb ), with some continental influence resulting from its distance from the sea and higher altitude. Burgos' climate features chilly and windy winters, due to altitude and an inland location, which always include snow and temperatures below freezing. Temperature ranges can be extreme and Burgos

Burgos Pointer - Misplaced Pages Continue

2562-433: The economic well-being of the realm. In the century following the conquest of Seville (1248) on the Moors, Burgos became a testing ground for royal policies of increasing power against the consejo , in part by encouraging the right to appeal from the consejo to the king. In 1285, Sancho IV added a new body to the consejo which came to dominate it: the jurado in charge of collecting taxes and overseeing public works;

2623-569: The embryonic County of Castile . The 11th century chieftain Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar ( El Cid ) had connections with the city: born near Burgos, he was raised and educated there. In a long-lasting decline from the 17th century, Burgos became the headquarters of the Francoist proto-government (1936-1939) following the start of the Spanish Civil War . Declared in 1964 as Pole of Industrial Promotion and in 1969 as Pole of Industrial Development,

2684-465: The former Crown of Castile are left out for different reasons. The territory of the Castilian Crown actually comprised all other autonomous communities within Spain with the exception of Aragon , Balearic Islands , Valencia and Catalonia , all belonging to the former Crown of Aragon, and Navarre , offshoot of the older Kingdom of the same name. Castile was divided between Old Castile in

2745-421: The heads and carrying them away to France. King Juan II's daughters by his first wife, heiresses Princesses Catherine and Eleanor of Asturias , are also buried in the monastery. Located on a hill 75 meters above the city, it is a medieval defensive fortress built during the time of the reconquest. Used by Castilian kings as accommodation and a place for celebrations, it later became an artillery fort and then

2806-468: The history of the province of Burgos . It has important objects and documents from all the ages, starting from Atapuerca, passing to the Romans and Iberians, and finishing in the contemporary period. These include the traditional sword of El Cid . The museum is located in the renaissances palaces, the House of Íñigo Angulo and the House of Miranda, which has a main patio that structures the museum. Between

2867-543: The idea of the maternity of Spain by Castile, thereby permeating non-scholar discourses about Castile. Castile's name is generally thought to derive from "land of castles" ( castle in Spanish is castillo ) in reference to the castles built in the area to consolidate the Christian Reconquest from the Moors . The Encyclopædia Britannica ascribes the concept to the sum of the regions of Old Castile and New Castile , as they were formally defined in

2928-464: The king reserved the right to select its members. The city perceived that danger to its autonomy came rather from an uncontrolled aristocracy during royal minorities: Burgos joined the hermandades of cities that leagued together for mutual protection in 1295 and 1315. In the 14th century, official royal intrusion in city affairs was perceived as a palliative against outbreaks of violence by the large excluded class of smaller merchants and artisans, on whom

2989-434: The language first developed here in the 10th century. The Spanish language can be traced back to the monastery of Valpuesta located 100 km (62 mi) north-east of the city of Burgos. The Valpuesta cartularies are significant in the history of the Spanish language, and their status as manuscripts containing the earliest words written in Spanish has been officially recognised. The first utterings of Spanish continued in

3050-556: The martyrdom of saints. The façade possesses ornate and fantastic surface decoration. The octagonal chapel of the Condestable, in florid, thus highly sculpted, Gothic design, has a roof finished with balustraded turrets, needle-pointed pinnacles and statues. In the lower portion, coats of arms, shields and crouching lions have been worked into the ensemble. The exterior of the sacristy is decorated with carved traceries, figures of angels and armoured knights. The elaborate tabernacle

3111-414: The modern day provinces of Granada, Malaga and Almeria) was conquered in 1492, formally passing to the Crown of Castile in that year. Since it lacks official recognition, Castile does not have clearly defined borders. Historically, the area consisted of the Kingdom of Castile . After the kingdom merged with its neighbours to become the Crown of Castile and later the Kingdom of Spain , when it united with

SECTION 50

#1732801676927

3172-516: The north, so called because it was where the Kingdom of Castile was founded, and New Castile, called the Kingdom of Toledo in the Middle Ages. The Leonese region, part of the Crown of Castile from 1230, was from medieval times considered a region in its own right on a par with the two Castiles, and appeared on maps alongside Old Castile until the two joined as one region - Castile and Leon - in

3233-412: The other has an ogival style of early Gothic. The interior of the church has enormous columns supporting its magnificent vault; the entrance is modern. This convent historically benefited from extraordinary privileges granted to its abbess by kings and popes. The Carthusian monastery, Miraflores Charterhouse ( Cartuja de Miraflores ) is situated about four kilometres from the historic city center. Among

3294-707: The primary language of Spain—known to many of its speakers as castellano and in English sometimes as Castilian, but generally as Spanish. See Names given to the Spanish language . Historically, the Castilian Kingdom and people were considered to be the main architects of the Spanish State by a process of expansion to the South against the Moors and of marriages, wars, assimilation, and annexation of their smaller Eastern and Western neighbours. From

3355-515: The province ( Cardeñadijo , Sotopalacios , Aranda de Duero, Briviesca , Covarrubias , Villarcayo , Trespaderne , Miranda de Ebro ...) made their own morcillas, with minor variations between them. Even though Burgos is not on a D.O. wine is a fundamental piece in local gastronomy thanks to nearby wine cellars from Ribera de Duero, Rioja and Arlanza D.O. The city's main festival is San Pedro y San Pablo (also referred to locally as "Sampedros") celebrated on June 29. Every year, for about two weeks,

3416-407: The river Arlanzón. Indeed, the banks of the river itself constitute a green corridor along the city. In total, there are nearly 3 square miles (1,878 acres) of parks in Burgos and one tree for every 3 inhabitants. Burgos is one of Spain's richest cities, with a GDP above the Spain average. It is an important trade and tourist center with a sizeable manufacturing base. Wheat is a major crop. The city

3477-476: The tax burden fell. The alguacil was the royal official instituted to judge disagreements. On 9 June 1345, sweeping aside the city government, Alfonso XI established direct royal rule of Burgos through the Regimiento of sixteen appointed men. In 1574, Pope Gregory XIII made the bishopric a Metropolitan archbishopric , at the request of king Felipe II . Burgos has been the scene of many wars: with

3538-556: The treasures of the Charterhouse are the wooden statue of St. Bruno , the wooden choir stalls in the church and the tombs of King Juan II and of his spouse, Queen Isabella of Portugal , constructed of marble and with their recumbent effigies sculpted in alabaster . Around the top frieze are statues of angels in miniature. The French soldiers in the Spanish War of Independence (1814) mutilated this work, cutting off some of

3599-516: Was founded in 884 as an outpost of this expanding Christian frontier , when Diego Rodríguez "Porcelos", count of Castile , governed this territory with orders to promote the increase of the Christian population; with this end in view he gathered the inhabitants of the surrounding country into one fortified village. The city began to be called Caput Castellae ("Cabeza de Castilla" or "Head of Castile"). The county ( condado ) of Castile , subject to

3660-414: Was the base of General Franco 's rebel nationalist government. Historically, there was a large and thriving Jewish community in Burgos. Its first documentation dates to 974. In the 13th century, Burgos was the largest Jewish center in northern Castile. Renowned Talmudists Meir Abulafia , Todros ben Joseph Abulafia , and poet Todros ben Judah Halevi Abulafia were born in Burgos. In the latter half of

3721-699: Was −22 °C (−8 °F) on 20 January 1885. The highest recorded temperature was 39 °C (102 °F) on 13 August 1987. Burgos is rich in ancient churches and convents. The three most notable are the cathedral, with its chapel of the Condestables de Castilla (Lords Constable of Castile), the monastery of Las Huelgas and the Carthusian monastery of Miraflores. Minor notable churches are San Esteban, San Gil (Sancti Aegidii), San Pedro, San Cosme y San Damián, Santiago (Sancti Jacobi), San Lorenzo and San Lesmes (Adelelmi). The Convento de la Merced, occupied by

SECTION 60

#1732801676927
#926073