Premature burial , also known as live burial , burial alive , or vivisepulture , means to be buried while still alive.
77-397: Buried alive refers to a premature burial . Buried Alive may also refer to: Someone who goes in a grave and gets buried alive in the ground Premature burial Animals or humans may be buried alive accidentally on the mistaken assumption that they are dead, or intentionally as a form of torture, murder, or execution . It may also occur with the consent of the victim as a part of
154-464: A stunt , with the intention to escape. Taphophobia , the fear of being buried alive, is reported to be among the most common phobias . Premature burial can lead to death through the following: asphyxiation , dehydration , starvation , or (in cold climates) hypothermia . A person trapped with fresh air to breathe can last a considerable time and burial has been used as a very cruel method of execution (as in cases of Vestal Virgins who violated
231-670: A 12-year-old boy and a 13-year-old girl were found guilty of killing their master in conspiracy with the cook. The boy was beheaded, and the girl and the cook were buried alive beneath the gallows. The jurist Eduard Henke observed that in the Middle Ages, live burial of women guilty of infanticide was a "very frequent" punishment in city statutes and Landrechten . For example, he notes those in Hesse , Bohemia , and Tyrol . The Berlinisches Stadtbuch records that between 1412 and 1447, 10 women were buried alive there, and as late as 1583,
308-400: A disturbing account of such a case. The victim was a man from Buncombe County, North Carolina whose name was given as "Jenkins". His body was found turned over onto its front inside the coffin, with much of his hair pulled out. Scratch marks were also visible on all sides of the coffin's interior. His family was reportedly "distressed beyond measure at the criminal carelessness" associated with
385-466: A household in the city was $ 51,802, and the median income for a family was $ 64,543. Males had a median income of $ 48,341 versus $ 37,949 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 28,096. About 5.8% of families and 7.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.2% of those under age 18 and 10.2% of those age 65 or over. The most common occupations for people in Southfield are
462-474: A human sacrifice and was buried alive. He was later dug up and found to be still alive, but when he described the afterlife he had seen and how it involved no heaven or hell, he was ordered to be covered up again. The building of the abbey went ahead, untroubled, and St. Oran's chapel marks the spot where the saint was buried. Southfield, Michigan Southfield is a city in Oakland County in
539-530: A live occupant. Funeral director John Matarese discovered this, called paramedics, and avoided live embalming or premature burial. In 2014 in Peraia , Thessaloniki , in Macedonia , Greece , the police discovered that a 45-year-old woman was buried alive and died of asphyxia after being declared clinically dead by a private hospital; she was discovered just shortly after being buried, by children playing near
616-502: A male householder with no wife present, and 42.8% were non-families. 37.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.96. The median age in the city was 42. 20.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.7% were from 25 to 44; 29.2% were from 45 to 64; and 16.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of
693-406: A mix of both white- and blue-collar jobs. Overall, Southfield is a city of sales and office workers, professionals and managers. A relatively large number of people living in Southfield work in office and administrative support (16.00%), sales jobs (10.93%), and management occupations (9.72%). Southfield's populace is very well-educated relative to most cities and towns in the nation. Whereas 21.84% of
770-467: A new court building were added. In 2003, an expanded and redesigned Southfield Public Library opened to the public on the Civic Center grounds, featuring state-of-the-art facilities. Outside the Civic Center complex, Southfield has municipal parks and recreation facilities, largely developed in the 1970s, including Beech Woods Recreation Center and John Grace Community Center. Duns Scotus College
847-589: A north–south/east–west orientation, forming a grid of major streets spaced one mile (1.6 km) apart from each other. The major east–west streets are 8 Mile Road (which forms the southern boundary of the city), 9 Mile Road (which is split by the Southfield Freeway), 10 Mile Road, 11 Mile Road (which is split by the Lodge), and 12 Mile Road. Major north–south streets are Telegraph Road, Lahser Road, Evergreen Road, Southfield Road (the northern extension of
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#1732790734011924-518: A number of saints were martyred this way, including Saint Castulus and Saint Vitalis of Milan . In Denmark, in the Ribe city statute, which was promulgated in 1269, a female thief was to be buried alive, and in the law by Queen Margaret I , adulterous women were to be punished with premature burial, men with beheading. In old Swedish province laws ("landskapslagarna"), live burial ("kvick i jord", literally "live into earth"), could be stipulated for
1001-538: A prolonged waiting period before burial) was to ensure that the person was definitely dead. Robert Robinson died in Manchester in 1791. A movable glass pane was inserted in his coffin, and the mausoleum had a door for purposes of inspection by a watchman, who was to see if he breathed on the glass. He instructed his relatives to visit his grave periodically to check that he was actually dead. Safety coffins were devised to prevent premature burial, although there
1078-514: A variety of crimes, most notably theft of money or goods of more than one mark 's value, though only for women; men were instead hanged. Men could be sentenced to be buried alive as a punishment for bestiality. In 1611, within Sunnerbo härad in Småland, Sweden, a man faced a death sentence from the Sunnerbo district court for committing bestiality with a horse. The court's archives indicate that
1155-469: A variety of offenses, including rape, infanticide, and theft, could be punished with live burial. For example, the Schwabenspiegel , a law code from the 13th century, specified that the rape of a virgin should be punished by live burial (whereas the rapist of a non-virgin was to be beheaded). Female murderers of their own employers also risked being buried alive. In Augsburg in 1505, for example,
1232-472: A way of execution was after the Battle of Changping , where around 200,000 surviving and captured soldiers of the state of Zhao were buried alive. Tacitus , in his work Germania , records that German tribes practiced two forms of capital punishment ; the first where the victim was hanged from a tree, and another where the victim was tied to a wicker frame, pushed face down into the mud and buried. The first
1309-437: A wooden box in a vault. The vault was then interred, the earth was flattened over the site, and crops were sown over the place for a very long time. The whole location was guarded day and night to prevent fraud and the site was dug up twice in a ten-month period to verify the burial before the yogi was finally dug out and slowly revived in the presence of another officer. The yogi said that his only fear during his "wonderful sleep"
1386-448: Is bounded to the south by Eight Mile Road , its western border is Inkster Road, and to the east it is bounded by Greenfield Road. Southfield's northern border does not follow a single road, but lies approximately along Thirteen Mile Road. The city is bordered by Detroit and Redford Township to the south, Farmington Hills to the west, Franklin , Bingham Farms , and Beverly Hills to the north and Royal Oak , Berkley and Oak Park to
1463-497: Is home to a large number of notable buildings in the Mid-century modern style of architecture. Notable examples include Percival Goodman's brutalist Congregation Shaarey Zedek and many early works by Minoru Yamasaki , including his Reynolds Aluminum building. Prominent in Southfield is Southfield City Centre , a mixed-use area consisting of a major business center, private university, and residential neighborhoods, near
1540-621: Is in Southfield on 11 Mile and Evergreen roads. A transmitter for WDIV-TV is in the city; it is the only television station based in downtown Detroit. The city is home to Audacy's Detroit studios. Southfield is also served by WSHJ 88.3 FM, a student-run radio station sponsored by Southfield Public Schools. In 1970, radio pioneer and entertainer Specs Howard founded the Specs Howard School of Media Arts in Southfield. In addition to The Detroit News and Free Press , Detroit's two metropolitan daily newspapers, Southfield
1617-518: Is no evidence that any have ever been successfully used to save an accidentally buried person. On 5 December 1882, J. G. Krichbaum received U.S. patent 268,693 for his "Device For Life In Buried Persons". It consisted of a movable periscope-like pipe that provided air and, when rotated or pushed by the person interred, indicated to passersby that someone was buried alive. The patent text refers to "that class of devices for indicating life in buried persons", suggesting that such inventions were common at
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#17327907340111694-1077: Is now the home of Word of Faith Christian Center. In 2016, the site was the center of local controversy over a proposed oil drilling site. Due to sustained opposition and environmental concerns, the plan was cancelled. Southfield is a commercial and business center for the metropolitan Detroit area, with 27,000,000 square feet (2,508,400 m ) of office space, second in the Detroit metro area to Detroit's central business district of 33,251,000 square feet (3,089,100 square meters). Several internationally recognized corporations have major offices and headquarters in Southfield, including Veoneer , Huf Hülsbeck and Fürst , Denso , Peterson Spring , Federal-Mogul , Lear , R.L. Polk & Co. , International Automotive Components, Stefanini, Inc. , and Guardian Alarm . More than 100 Fortune 500 companies have offices in Southfield. On October 28, 2014, Fifth Third Bank announced plans to move its Michigan regional headquarters from Southfield to downtown Detroit in what will be named
1771-496: Is served by the Southfield Eccentric , a suburban paper that reports on local and community events, which is published twice a week, on Sunday and Thursday. The headquarters of The Detroit Jewish News is in Southfield. The Chaldean News is also headquartered in Southfield. Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation (SMART) operates local and regional bus transit. The major thoroughfares in
1848-609: The Consulate of Iraq in Detroit is in Southfield. Penguicon has been held in Southfield regularly since 2014. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 26.28 square miles (68.06 km ), of which 26.27 square miles (68.04 km ) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.03 km ) (0.04%) is water. The main branch of the River Rouge runs through Southfield. The city
1925-658: The Faroe Islands , a powerful 14th-century female landowner in the village of Húsavík was said to have buried two servants alive. In the 16th century Habsburg Netherlands , when the Catholic authorities made a prolonged effort to stamp out the Protestant churches, live burial was commonly used as the punishment for women found guilty of heresy. The last to be so executed was Anna Utenhoven , an Anabaptist buried alive at Vilvoorde in 1597. Reportedly, when her head
2002-499: The Fifth Third Bank Building at One Woodward . The office had 150 employees. Northland Center , one of the nation's first shopping malls, opened in Southfield in 1954 and closed in 2015. As of 2022, the property is being redeveloped as a mixed-use residential and commercial complex. Southfield is home to over 780 acres (3.2 km ) of parkland and a nationally recognized public school district. Southfield
2079-753: The Oak Park School District . Southfield A&T also competes in the Oakland Activities Association in the Red Division for high school sports, and has membership in the MHSAA. AGBU Alex and Marie Manoogian School is an Armenian charter in Southfield. Farber Hebrew Day School – Yeshivat Akiva is a private Jewish school in Southfield. Southfield Christian School is a private school in Southfield. Southfield Public Library operates public libraries in
2156-718: The Republic of North Macedonia ) during the Balkan Wars . During World War II, Japanese soldiers were documented to have buried living Chinese civilians, notably during the Nanking Massacre . This method of execution was also used by German leaders against Jews in Ukraine and Belarus during World War II . During the Algerian War , French troops used to bury Algerian prisoners or civilians alive. During
2233-492: The U.S. state of Michigan . An inner-ring suburb of Detroit, Southfield borders Detroit to the north, roughly 15 miles (24.1 km) northwest of downtown Detroit . As of the 2020 census , the city had a population of 76,618. Southfield is notable as the home of multiple business districts, including the Southfield City Centre (an edge city which contains the tallest building in Detroit's suburbs) and
2310-763: The Vietnam War , live burials by the Viet Cong were documented during the massacre at Huế in 1968. During the Gulf War , Iraqi soldiers were knowingly buried alive by American tanks of the First Infantry Division shoveling earth into their trenches. Estimates for the number of soldiers killed this way vary: one source puts it at "between 80 and 250", while Colonel Anthony Moreno suggested it may have been thousands. In 2014, ISIS buried Yazidi women and children alive in an attempt to annihilate
2387-628: The council-manager form of government, and thus is governed by a City Council consisting of seven council members. The city council appoints a City Administrator , who manages the day-to-day operations of the city. The popularly elected mayor, who does not vote on council actions, has the right to veto council actions and appoints the city's planner, assessor, attorney, and members of various commissions. The city's clerk and treasurer are also popularly elected officials. All these officials hold nonpartisan positions. Southfield Public Schools operates area public schools. Southfield Senior High School for
Buried Alive - Misplaced Pages Continue
2464-854: The 5th century Roman emperor Zeno was buried alive in Constantinople after becoming insensible from drinking or an illness. For three days cries of "Have pity on me!" could be heard from within his verd antique sarcophagus in the Church of the Holy Apostles , but because of the hatred of his wife and subjects, the empress Ariadne refused to open the tomb. This tale is likely apocryphal, as earlier and contemporary sources do not mention it even though they too were hostile to Zeno's memory. Revivals of supposed "corpses" have been triggered by dropped coffins, grave robbers, embalming, and attempted dissections. Folklorist Paul Barber has argued that
2541-571: The Arts and Technology (commonly known as Southfield A&T) is the district's sole high school. There were originally two high schools in the district, Southfield and Southfield-Lathrup , but they were consolidated after the 2015–16 school year. Students living in parts of Northern Southfield attend schools in the Birmingham City School District , while students living in the southeast corner of Southfield attend schools in
2618-497: The Holocaust many victims of mass executions were not shot dead and instead buried alive. Some people were able to escape the mass graves after the execution was over. During Mao Zedong 's regime, there are some accounts that premature burials were used in executions. It has been used during wars and by mafia organizations. Serbian officials are documented to have buried living Bulgarian civilians from Pehčevo (now in
2695-561: The Prevention of Premature Burial was co-founded in 1896 by William Tebb and Walter Hadwen . Tebb suggested methods such as stethoscopic auscultation of the heart and lungs, application of electric current, and artificial ventilation . The burning of books and burying of scholars ( simplified Chinese : 焚书坑儒 ; traditional Chinese : 焚書坑儒 ; pinyin : fénshū kēngrú ) was purportedly carried out by Qin Shi Huang ,
2772-484: The Southfield Freeway) and Greenfield Road (which forms the eastern boundary of the city). The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit formerly operated the Church of St. Bede. By 2013 there was a debate on how the property should be rezoned, and therefore reused. The Southfield Parks and Recreation Department is responsible for 775 acres of parks, nature preserves and open space and historic properties at 33 sites within
2849-465: The Yazidi tribe. On rare occasions, people have willingly arranged to be buried alive, reportedly as a demonstration of their controversial ability to survive such an event. In one story taking place around 1840, Sadhu Haridas , an Indian yogi , is said to have been buried in the presence of a British military officer and under the supervision of the local maharajah , by being placed in a sealed bag in
2926-532: The ancient Nineveh region of the Assyrian homeland in North Iraq. The Chaldean Federation of America, an umbrella organization for most regional Chaldean groups, is in Southfield. As of that year, the largest Chaldean church, by number of congregants, was based here. The city also had the area's sole Chaldean retirement home. Southfield is also home to the Detroit area's Consulate-General of Iraq . Since
3003-521: The archbishop of Bremen promulgated (alongside the somewhat milder 1532 Constitutio Criminalis Carolina punishment of drowning ) live burial as an alternate execution method for punishing mothers found guilty of infanticide. As noted by Elias Pufendorf, a woman buried alive would afterward be impaled through the heart. This combined punishment of live burial and impalement was practiced in Nuremberg until 1508 also for women found guilty of theft, but
3080-527: The area surrounding the former Northland Center shopping mall. It is also home to Lawrence Technological University . The city was originally part of Southfield Township before incorporating in 1958. The autonomous city of Lathrup Village is an enclave within Southfield. Southfield was surveyed in 1817 according to the plan by Michigan territorial governor Lewis Cass . The first settlers came from nearby Birmingham and Royal Oak, Michigan , as well as New York and Vermont . The area that became Southfield
3157-761: The average community's adult population holds a 4-year degree or higher, 38.73% of Southfield's adults have a bachelor's degree or advanced degree. Southfield's per capita income in 2010 was $ 28,995. In 2002 Southfield had 42,259 black people, the second-largest black population in Metro Detroit and third-largest in Michigan. As of 2011, many African Americans from Detroit were moving into Southfield and other suburbs of Oakland and Macomb counties. Tensions have occurred between existing middle-class blacks in Southfield and incoming Detroiters. As of 2001 many Chaldo-Assyrians live in Southfield; they are descended from
Buried Alive - Misplaced Pages Continue
3234-640: The best families in Persia to be buried alive, to show her gratitude to the god who is said to be beneath the earth. In ancient Rome, a Vestal Virgin convicted of violating her vows of celibacy was "buried alive" by being sealed in a cave with a small amount of bread and water, ostensibly so that the goddess Vesta could save her were she truly innocent, essentially making it into a trial by ordeal . Vesta never intervened. This practice was, strictly speaking, immurement (being walled up and left to die) rather than premature burial. According to Christian tradition,
3311-594: The case. Another similar story was reported in The Times on January 18, 1886, the victim of this case being described simply as a "girl" named "Collins" from Woodstock, Ontario , Canada. Her body was described as being found with the knees tucked up under the body, and her burial shroud "torn into shreds". In 2001, a body bag was delivered to the Matarese Funeral Home in Ashland, Massachusetts with
3388-490: The cemetery who heard screams from inside the earth; her family was reported to be considering suing the hospital which was responsible. In 2015, it was reported that a separate incident also occurred in 2014 in Peraia, Thessaloniki. In Macedonia, Greece, a police investigation concluded that a 49-year-old woman was buried alive after being declared dead due to cancer; her family reported that they could hear her scream from inside
3465-465: The city council decided in 1515 that the punishment was too cruel and opted for drowning instead. Impalement was, however, not always mentioned together with live burial. Eduard Osenbrüggen relates how the live burial of a woman convicted of infanticide could be pronounced in a court verdict. For example, in a 1570 case in Ensisheim : The verdict commanded the executioner to place the perpetrator in
3542-706: The city include the John C. Lodge Freeway ( M-10 ), which is among the first urban to suburban highways constructed in the United States. The city also contains I-696 , Southfield Freeway ( M-39 ), and US 24 (Telegraph Road). The city has several freeway interchanges connecting local roads to the freeways. Most prominently, "The Lodge" freeway connects downtown Detroit to "The Mixing Bowl," the sprawling interchange of I-696, US 24, M-10, Lahser Road, and Franklin Road, all of which are in Southfield. Most major streets adhere to
3619-560: The city was 44.7% male and 55.3% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 78,296 people, 33,987 households, and 19,780 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,984.6 inhabitants per square mile (1,152.4/km ). There were 35,698 housing units at an average density of 1,360.8 units per square mile (525.4 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 54.22% African American , 38.83% White , 3.09% Asian , 0.20% Native American , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 0.64% from other races , and 2.99% from two or more races. 1.19% of
3696-422: The city was 70.3% African American , 24.9% White , 0.2% Native American , 1.7% Asian , 0.4% from other races , and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.3% of the population. There were 31,778 households, of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.5% were married couples living together, 19.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.4% had
3773-590: The city. Providence Medical Center offers residency training in various fields of medicine. Southfield is home to eight colleges, including Lawrence Technological University , Abcott Institute , Everest Institute and Oakland Community College . The Specs Howard School of Media Arts is in Southfield. Southfield is the broadcast media center for the Detroit area, with studios and broadcast facilities for several television stations, including WXYZ-TV , WJBK , WKBD-TV , WMYD-TV , WWJ-TV , and City Cable 15. Metro Detroit's regional sports network Bally Sports Detroit
3850-458: The convicted woman was drowned instead. Dieter Furcht speculates that the impalement was not so much to be regarded as an execution method, but as a way to prevent the condemned from becoming an avenging, undead Wiedergänger . In medieval Italy, unrepentant murderers were buried alive, head down, feet in the air, a practice referred to in passing in Canto XIX of Dante 's Inferno . In
3927-527: The cow with which he had committed bestiality. The execution was carried out in January 1616 at Kinnevalds häradsting (district court). The court records tell how Tiufrid was buried, together with the animal, inside a large stone mound: "Vilket och nu skedde, att förberörde Tiufrid samt kreaturet som han denna synd begått (med), bleve lagda uti ett stort rör tillhopa". Within the Holy Roman Empire
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#17327907340114004-574: The earth at the cemetery shortly after burial, and the investigation revealed that she died of heart failure inside her coffin. Later, it was discovered that medication given to her by her physicians as part of her cancer treatment was what caused her to be mistakenly declared clinically dead. The family of Timesha Beauchamp of Southfield, Michigan called 911 on August 23, 2020, when they found her unresponsive at home. Upon arrival, paramedics found her to be unresponsive and not breathing. After they provided cardiopulmonary resuscitation for 30 minutes, she
4081-469: The east. The separate city of Lathrup Village sits as an enclave in the eastern part of the city, completely surrounded by Southfield. As of the census of 2010, there were 71,739 people, 31,778 households, and 18,178 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,730.8 inhabitants per square mile (1,054.4/km ). There were 35,986 housing units at an average density of 1,369.9 units per square mile (528.9 units/km ). The racial makeup of
4158-628: The first emperor of a unified China . Books and texts deemed to be subversive were burned and 460 Confucian scholars were reportedly buried alive in 212 BC. Modern scholars doubt these events – Sima Qian , author of the account of these events in the Records of the Grand Historian , was an official of the Han dynasty, which could be expected to portray the previous rulers unfavorably. The single most numerous case of people being buried alive as
4235-539: The first town hall built in 1873. The Southfield Fire Department was formed on April 6, 1942, and the Southfield Police Department in 1953. In the 1950s, cities and villages began to incorporate within the township, including Lathrup Village in 1950, and Beverly Hills in 1957. Most of what was left of the township was formally incorporated as a city on April 28, 1958, to protect it from annexation attempts by Detroit; whites who had migrated to
4312-470: The grave alive, "and place two layers of thorns, the one beneath, the other above her. Prior to that he should place a bowl over her face, in which he had made a hole, and to give her through that (in order that she would live for a longer time and expiate the evil act she was condemned for), a reed/tube into the mouth, then jump three times upon her, and lastly cover her with earth". In this particular case, however, some noblewomen made an appeal for mercy, and
4389-488: The history of Nicephorus and perhaps because of the legend of Zeno's premature entombment, or perhaps for other reasons, the Proconnesian marble sarcophagus of the 7th-century emperor Heraclius was left open, on his own instructions, for three days after his interment in the Church of the Holy Apostles' Mausoleum of Justinian . According to Shane McCorristine, one of the purposes of an Irish wake (which entailed
4466-567: The incidence of unintentional live burial has been overestimated and that the normal, physical effects of decomposition are sometimes misinterpreted as signs that the person whose remains are being exhumed had revived once in the coffin. Nevertheless, patients have been documented as late as the 1890s as accidentally being sent to the morgue or trapped in a steel box after erroneously being declared dead. Newspapers have reported cases of exhumed corpses that appear to have been accidentally buried alive. On February 21, 1885, The New York Times gave
4543-530: The intersection of Interstate 696 (I-696, Walter P. Reuther Freeway) and the M-10 (Lodge Freeway). Southfield City Centre was created in 1992 as a special assessment district, and was originally planned to improve pedestrian amenities and facilitate economic development. The Consulate of Macedonia in Detroit and Consulate of Lebanon in Detroit are located in the Southfield Town Center , and
4620-495: The oath of celibacy ), lasting sufficiently long for the victim to comprehend and imagine every stage of what is happening (being trapped in total darkness with very limited or no movement) and to experience great psychological and physical torment including extreme panic. The medical term for the fear of being buried alive is taphophobia . According to a popular legend recorded by Joannes Zonaras and George Kedrenos , two 11th-century and 12th-century Byzantine Greek historians,
4697-427: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the city's 33,987 households, 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.2% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.8% were non-families. 36.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
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#17327907340114774-511: The prescribed punishment was either burial alive or burning at the stake, along with the animal. However, the final outcome remains unknown, as the sentence required the King's approval and the relevant documents from that period are believed to be lost. In 1616, the 18-year old farmhand Tiufrid was sentenced by the governor in Jönköping, Sweden, Nils Stiernsköld, to be buried alive together with
4851-572: The rapid suburbanization of the 1950s and 1960s, many Jewish Americans from Northwest Detroit (particularly the Dexter-Davison neighborhood) moved to Southfield and other inner-ring suburbs such as Oak Park and Huntington Woods . Congregation Shaarey Zedek moved from Detroit to Southfield in 1962 to a modernist synagogue building designed by Percival Goodman . The city was also previously home to Congregation Beth Achim on 12 Mile Road until its merger with Congregation Adat Shalom. The building
4928-526: The science of determining death and the medical and cultural history of premature burial. St. Oran was a druid living on the island of Iona in Scotland's Inner Hebrides . He became a follower of St. Columba , who brought Christianity to Iona from Ireland in 563 AD. When St. Columba had repeated problems building the original Iona Abbey , citing interference from the Devil , St. Oran offered himself as
5005-442: The seventeenth century in feudal Russia, live burial as an execution method was known as "the pit" and used against women who were condemned for killing their husbands. In 1689, the punishment of live burial was changed to beheading. Among some contemporary indigenous people of Brazil with no or limited contact with the outside world, children with disabilities or other undesirable traits are still customarily buried alive. During
5082-490: The suburbs did not want to be associated with Detroit's expanding black community. City Hall was built in 1964 as part of the new Civic Center complex, which also became home to Southfield's police headquarters. The Civic Center was expanded in 1971 to include a sports arena with swimming pool. Evergreen Hills Golf Course was added in 1972, and in 1978, a new public safety building, the Southfield Pavilion , and
5159-557: The time. In 1890, a family designed and built a burial vault at the Wildwood Cemetery in Williamsport, Pennsylvania , with an internal hatch to allow the victim of accidental premature burial to escape. The vault had an air supply and was lined in felt to protect a panic-stricken victim from self-inflicted injury before the escape. Bodies were to be removed from the casket before interment. The London Association for
5236-403: Was 2.27 and the average family size was 3.01. The age distribution in the city's population was spread out, with 21.6% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38. For every 100 females there were 84.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.9 males. The median income for
5313-685: Was an ancient Persian custom, which they practiced in order to be blessed by gods. They [Xerxes and his troops] marched into the Nine Ways of the Edonian to the bridges and found the banks of the Strymon united by a bridge, but being informed that this place was called by the name of the Nine Ways, they buried alive so many in it so many sons and daughter of inhabitants. It is a Persian custom to bury people alive for I have heard that Amestris , wife of Xerxes , having grown old, caused fourteen children of
5390-450: Was being eaten by underground worms. However, according to current medical science, it is not possible for a human to survive for a period of ten months without food, water, and air. According to other sources the entire burial was 40 days long. The Indian government has since made the act of voluntary premature burial illegal, because of the unintended deaths of individuals attempting to recreate this feat. In 1992, escape artist Bill Shirk
5467-478: Was buried alive under seven tons of dirt and cement in a Plexiglas coffin. The coffin collapsed and almost killed Shirk. In 2010, a Russian man died after being buried alive to try to overcome his fear of death but was crushed to death by the earth on top of him. The following year, another Russian died after being buried overnight in a makeshift coffin "for good luck". In 2021, the YouTuber MrBeast
5544-477: Was later purchased and demolished by a Jewish day school. Though much of the Conservative and Reform Jewish population has since spread out to suburbs such as West Bloomfield and Farmington Hills , the city maintains a thriving Orthodox Jewish and Lubavitch community. It is also home to Farber Hebrew Day School – Yeshivat Akiva , a kosher grocery store, and many independent synagogues. Southfield uses
5621-559: Was pronounced dead by a local emergency department physician based on the medical information provided by the paramedics on the scene. Resuscitation efforts were discontinued, and Beauchamp was taken to a funeral home in Detroit. Staff at the funeral home were preparing to embalm her body when they found her to be breathing. She was taken to Children’s Hospital of Michigan, where she died on October 18, 2020. Natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, mudslides, avalanches) have also buried people alive, as well as collapsing mines. According to
5698-464: Was settled by John Daniels in 1823. Among the founders were the Heth, Stephens, Harmon, McClelland and Thompson families. Town 1 north, 10 east was first organized as Ossewa Township on July 12, 1830, but the name was changed to Southfield Township 17 days later. The township took its name from its location in the "south fields" of Bloomfield Township . A US post office was established in 1833 and
5775-560: Was still above the ground she was given the last chance to recant her faith, and upon her refusal, she was completely covered up and suffocated. The case aroused a great deal of protest in the rebellious northern provinces and foiled the peace feelers which King Philip III was at the time extending to the Dutch. Thereafter the Habsburg authorities avoided further such cases, punishing heresy with fines and deportations rather than death. In
5852-559: Was used to make an example of traitors; the second was used for punishment of dishonorable or shameful vices, such as cowardice. According to Tacitus, the Ancient Germans thought that crime should be exposed, whereas infamy should be buried out of sight. Fleta , a medieval commentary on English common law, specified live burial as the punishment for sodomy , bestiality and those who had dealings with Jews . Herodotus in his book Histories wrote that burying people alive
5929-410: Was voluntarily buried alive for 50 hours. This event was documented and filmed. In late 2023, he again buried himself alive for one week. Buried Alive is a controversial art and lecture performance series by art-tech group monochrom . Participants have the opportunity to be buried alive in a coffin for fifteen to twenty minutes. As a framework program monochrom offers lectures about the history of
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