35-517: Burton Park is a 19th-century country house in the civil parish of Duncton in West Sussex , and is situated 1/2 a mile to the east of the village of Duncton, within its own estate. It is a Grade I listed building, now converted into multiple occupation. It is now situated within the Church of England ecclesiastical parish of Barlavington St Mary, the church of which is situated about 1 mile to
70-477: A Church of England parish church , a Roman Catholic church . Duncton has a pub, a village hall and two croquet pitches. The parish includes Burton Park , whose stately home and parish church are about 1 ⁄ 2 mile (800 m) east of Duncton village. Duncton Mill at the foot of the South Downs escarpment was powered by a large spring flowing from the chalk strata. A stable flow of water at
105-528: A tūn is a fence or enclosure. Woollen cloth making was an important local industry in the Middle Ages . Two Duncton clothiers, R Harding and J Goble, left inventories in 1621 and 1622 respectively, with Goble having owned three pairs of finishing shears. The village has a pub that was built in the 18th century. In 1867 John Wisden (1826 – 1884), the famous Kent, Middlesex, Sussex and England cricketer, who founded Wisden Cricketer's Almanac , bought
140-617: A British Chalcolithic when copper was used between the 25th and the 22nd centuries BC, but others do not because production and use were on a small scale. In Ireland, the final Dowris phase of the Late Bronze Age appears to decline in about 600 BC, but iron metallurgy does not appear until about 550 BC. Around 2500 BC, a new pottery style arrived in Great Britain: the Bell Beaker culture . Beaker pottery appears in
175-440: A constant temperature throughout the year is ideal for its present use as a trout hatchery. Compass Bus route 99 between Petworth and Chichester serves Duncton six days a week, from Monday to Saturday. There is no service in the evening, or on Sunday or public holidays. On most trips, the bus will call at Duncton only if booked in advance. Prehistoric remains in the parish include a Bronze Age round barrow on Duncton Common in
210-410: A five-bay west-facing entrance frontage and a 10-window eastern frontage. The interior contains a Grecian hall and an impressive staircase possibly rescued from Michelgrove near Arundel, which was demolished in 1828. The staircase had been built in 1800 and made of cast and wrought bronze with a figure of a greyhound on alternate steps and is largely responsible for the house's Grade I listing. The house
245-531: A major genetic shift in late Neolithic/early Bronze Age Britain and up to 90% of Britain's Neolithic gene pool may have been replaced with the coming of a people genetically similar to the Beaker people of the Lower Rhine region (modern Netherlands/central-western Germany), which had a high proportion of steppe ancestry . According to the evolutionary geneticist Ian Barnes , "Following the Beaker spread, there
280-483: A migration) into Southern Great Britain around the 12th century BC. The disruption was felt far beyond Britain, even beyond Europe, as most of the great Near Eastern empires collapsed (or experienced severe difficulties), and the Sea Peoples harried the entire Mediterranean basin around that time. Cremation was adopted as a burial practice, with cemeteries of urns containing cremated individuals appearing in
315-615: A more convenient site in the village. It is a Gothic Revival building, designed by James Castle of Oxford and completed in 1866. A bell from St Mary's, thought to have been cast in Normandy in 1369, was transferred from St Mary's to Holy Trinity. St Mary's was demolished in 1876. The Roman Catholic church of SS Anthony and George is another Gothic Revival building. It was designed by Gilbert Blount and completed in 1868. Bronze Age Britain Bronze Age Britain
350-510: A small loop or ring to make lashing the two together easier. Groups of unused axes are often found together, suggesting ritual deposits to some, but many archaeologists believe that elite groups collected bronze items and perhaps restricted their use among the wider population. Bronze swords of a graceful "leaf" shape, swelling gently from the handle before coming to a tip, have been found in considerable numbers, along with spear heads and arrow points. Great Britain had large reserves of tin in what
385-505: Is an era of British history that spanned from c. 2500–2000 BC until c. 800 BC . Lasting for approximately 1,700 years, it was preceded by the era of Neolithic Britain and was in turn followed by the period of Iron Age Britain . Being categorised as the Bronze Age , it was marked by the use of copper and then bronze by the prehistoric Britons, who used such metals to fashion tools. Great Britain in
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#1732790849858420-517: Is inscribed on her headstone. The Church of England parish church of the Holy Trinity is part of the Benefice of Stopham and Fittleworth . Duncton's original parish church, St Mary's , was a Medieval building at the foot of Duncton Down, some distance south of the village. In 1864 George Wyndham, 1st Baron Leconfield , of Petworth House , commissioned a new parish church to be built on
455-464: Is much harder than copper, by mixing copper with a small amount of tin . With that discovery, the Bronze Age began in Great Britain. Over the next thousand years, bronze gradually replaced stone as the main material for tool and weapon making. The bronze axehead, made by casting , was at first similar to its stone predecessors but then developed a socket for the wooden handle to fit into and
490-533: Is no clear consensus on the date for the beginning of the Bronze Age in Great Britain and Ireland. Some sources give a date as late as 2000 BC, and others set 2200 BC as the demarcation between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age. The period from 2500 BC to 2000 BC has been called the "Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age" in recognition of the difficulty of exactly defining the boundary. Some archaeologists recognise
525-713: Is now Cornwall and Devon in South West England and thus tin mining began. By around 1600 BC, the South-West experiencing a trade boom, as British tin was exported across Europe. Bronze Age Britons were also skilled at making jewellery from gold , as well as occasional objects like the Rillaton Cup and Mold Cape . Many examples have been found in graves of the wealthy Wessex culture of Southern Britain, but they are not as frequent as Irish finds. The greatest quantities of bronze objects found in what
560-604: Is now England were discovered in East Cambridgeshire , where the most important finds were recovered in Isleham (more than 6500 pieces ). The earliest known metalworking building was found at Sigwells, Somerset, England. Several casting mould fragments were fitted to a Wilburton type sword held in Somerset County Museum. They were found in association with cereal grain that has been dated to
595-486: Is surrounded by 6 hectares of pleasure gardens, parkland and formal gardens laid out in 1738 and subsequently altered in the 1920s and 1930s. The parkland dates from the 13th century and was landscaped in the 18th and 19th century. The Burton Park estate was inherited in the 15th century by the Goring family, who probably built the first house on the site. When Sir William Goring died in 1724 the property passed by marriage to
630-464: The Hallstatt culture . In 2021, a major archaeogenetics study uncovered a migration into southern Britain during the 500-year period from 1300 to 800 BC. The newcomers were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from Gaul and had higher levels of Early European Farmers ancestry. From 1000 to 875 BC, their genetic marker swiftly spread through southern Britain, which made up around half
665-566: The Mount Pleasant Phase (2700–2000 BC), along with flat axes and the burial practice of inhumation . People of this period were responsible for building Seahenge , along with the later phases of Stonehenge . Silbury Hill was also built in the early Beaker period. Movement of continental Europeans brought new people to the islands from the continent. Recent tooth enamel isotope research on bodies found in early Bronze Age graves around Stonehenge indicates that at least some of
700-510: The 12th century BC by carbon dating . The rich Wessex culture developed in southern Great Britain during that time. The weather, previously warm and dry, became much wetter as the Bronze Age continued, which forced the population away from easily-defended sites in the hills and into the fertile valleys . Large livestock farms developed in the lowlands which appear to have contributed to economic growth and inspired increasing forest clearances. The Deverel-Rimbury culture began to emerge during
735-553: The 1980s after which, in 1994, the site became a police dog-training centre. Since then the house has been divided into apartments. 50°56′55″N 0°37′24″W / 50.9487°N 0.6232°W / 50.9487; -0.6232 Duncton Duncton is a village and civil parish in the District of Chichester in West Sussex , England. The village is in the South Downs 3 miles (5 km) south of Petworth on
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#1732790849858770-455: The A285 road. The civil parish is about 4 miles (6 km) long north – south and less than 1 mile (1.6 km) wide east – west and has a land area of 800 ha (1,977 acres). The southern part of the parish includes part of Duncton Down, which is 682 feet (208 m) high. The 2011 Census recorded 345 people living in 182 households, of whom 177 were economically active. The village has
805-540: The Biddulphs. The present house was built about 1828 by architect Henry Bassett for John Biddulph after a fire in 1826 had destroyed the previous house, which had been designed in 1739 by Italian architect Giacomo Leoni . The property passed down within the Biddulph family until in 1894 it was bought by Sir Douglas Hall, 1st Baronet , who sold it in 1919 to Major John Sewell Courtauld and Mrs Courtauld. Major Courtauld
840-586: The Bronze Age also saw the widespread adoption of agriculture . During the British Bronze Age, large megalithic monuments similar to those from the Late Neolithic continued to be constructed or modified, including such sites as Avebury , Stonehenge , Silbury Hill and Must Farm . That has been described as a time "when elaborate ceremonial practices emerged among some communities of subsistence agriculturalists of western Europe". There
875-433: The ancestry of subsequent Iron Age people in that area, but not in northern Britain. The "evidence suggests that, rather than a violent invasion or a single migratory event, the genetic structure of the population changed through sustained contacts between Britain and mainland Europe over several centuries, such as the movement of traders, intermarriage, and small scale movements of family groups". The authors describe this as
910-560: The archaeological record. According to John T. Koch and others, the Celtic languages developed during the Late Bronze Age period in an intensely-trading-networked culture called the Atlantic Bronze Age , which included Britain, Ireland, France, Spain and Portugal, but that stands in contrast to the more generally-accepted view that the Celtic languages developed earlier than that, with some cultural practices developing in
945-573: The body. However, even though customs changed, barrows and burial mounds continued to be used during the Bronze Age, with smaller tombs often dug into the primary mounds. There has been debate amongst archaeologists as to whether the "Beaker people" were a race of people that migrated to Britain en masse from the continent or whether a Beaker cultural "package" of goods and behaviour, which eventually spread across most of Western Europe, diffused to Britain's existing inhabitants through trade across tribal boundaries. However one recent study (2017) suggests
980-408: The individual, rather on the ancestors as a collective. For example, in the Neolithic era, a large chambered cairn or long barrow was used to house the dead. The 'Early Bronze Age' saw people buried in individual barrows , also commonly known and marked on modern British Ordnance Survey maps as tumuli, or sometimes in cists covered with cairns . They were often buried with a beaker alongside
1015-469: The new arrivals came from the area of modern Switzerland . The Beaker culture displayed different behaviours from the earlier Neolithic people and cultural change was significant. Many of the early henge sites seem to have been adopted by the newcomers. Furthermore, a fundamentally different approach to burying the dead began. In contrast to the Neolithic practice of communal burials, the Bronze Age society undergoes an apparent shift towards focusing on to
1050-475: The north of the parish. The remains of a Romano-British villa , including a hypocaust , were found 140 yards northeast of St Mary's parish church and excavated between 1812 and 1816. The Domesday Book of 1086 records the place-name as Donechitone , and a pipe roll from 1181 records it as Duneketon . The name comes from the Old English words Dunnuca and tūn . Dunnuca was a person's name, and
1085-529: The pub and leased it to the Sussex cricketer Jemmy Dean (1816 – 1881). } The pub is called "The Cricketers" in honour of Dean and another Sussex cricketer, Jem Broadbridge (1795–1843), both of whom lived in Duncton. Florence de Fonblanque died in Duncton in 1949. She is buried in the churchyard of Holy Trinity parish church. "Originator and leader of the women's suffrage march from Edinburgh to London 1912"
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1120-647: The second half of the 'Middle Bronze Age' (c. 1400–1100 BC) to exploit the wetter conditions. Cornwall was a major source of tin for much of western Europe and copper was extracted from sites such as the Great Orme mine in Northern Wales . Social groups appear to have been tribal, but growing complexity and hierarchies became apparent. There is evidence of a relatively large-scale disruption of cultural patterns (see Late Bronze Age collapse ), which some scholars think may indicate an invasion (or at least
1155-400: The south. Within the grounds and standing 100 metres north-west of the mansion house stands Burton Church, since 2003 dedicated to St Richard, a tiny Norman church and grade I listed building now in the ecclesiastical parish of Burton with Coates, in which survive many ancient monuments to the Goring family of Burton Park. The mansion was built in three storeys faced with Roman cement and has
1190-470: Was Member of Parliament for Chichester Division from 1924 until his death in 1942. They renovated the interior and added new formal features to the gardens. The house and park were requisitioned by the army during the Second World War after which the house, gardens and southern half of the park were sold to St Michael's School. St Michael's, a girls’ boarding school, remained in occupation until
1225-701: Was a population in Britain that for the first time had ancestry and skin and eye pigmentation similar to Britons today". Several regions of origin have been postulated for the Beaker culture , notably the Iberian Peninsula, the Netherlands and Central Europe. Part of the Beaker culture brought the skill of refining metal to Great Britain. At first, they made items from copper , but from around 2150 BC , smiths had discovered how to make bronze , which
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