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30-534: Busemann is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: Adolf Busemann (1901–1986), German-American aerospace engineer, inventor of Busemann's Biplane Frank Busemann (born 1975), a German decathlete Herbert Busemann (1905–1994), a German-American mathematician, the author of Busemann's theorem See also [ edit ] Busemann biplane Busemann's theorem Busemann function [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with

60-469: A 35-degree wing sweep, followed by a 45-degree sweep. The first test flight was to take place in June 1945. The final single-seat jet fighter design that went into production with a wingspan of 8.25 m, a length of 9.175 m and a weight of 1250 kg. A ramjet -powered single-seat fighter that would have eight additional small rocket engines for takeoff. This design would have a much wider fuselage covering

90-496: A mass of data on the swept wing concept. When they asked Busemann about it, "his face lit up" and he said, "Oh, you remember, I read a paper on it at the Volta Conference in 1935". Several members of the team did remember the presentation, but had completely forgotten the details in terms of what the presentation was actually about. Realizing its importance, Schairer immediately wrote to Boeing and told them to investigate

120-402: A tapered boom which extended over and past the jet exhaust, while the cockpit was forward-mounted, with the canopy integrated into the fuselage and forming part of the rounded nose of the aircraft. By late August 1944, the design, still in paper form, had evolved into a sleeker incarnation, with the previously stout fuselage lengthened and narrowed with a conical nose section, added in front of

150-468: A transonic test he was performing, inventing the Whitcomb area rule a few days later. At Langley, he worked primarily on the problems of sonic booms , and spent a considerable amount of effort looking at ways to characterize them, and potentially eliminate them. He later invented Busemann's Biplane, a supersonic design he originally proposed in 1936 that emits no shock waves and has no wave drag , at

180-428: A v-tailed single-seat jet fighter with a more pointed nose and wings swept back at 40 degrees. It had a wingspan of 8.16 m and a length of 9.37 m. Full-scale prototype design of a flying test single-seat jet fighter with a wingspan of 8.06 m and a length of 8.98 m. It had a conventional tail and swept wings designed to be set at different angles while on the ground. Test flights were first intended to be undertaken with

210-653: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Adolf Busemann Born in Lübeck , Germany , Busemann attended the Technical University of Braunschweig , receiving his Ph.D. in engineering in 1924. The next year he was given the position of aeronautical research scientist at the Max-Planck Institute where he joined the famed team led by Ludwig Prandtl , including Theodore von Kármán , Max Munk and Jakob Ackeret . In 1930 he

240-537: The cockpit . The compound sweep wing was also abandoned, with the outer wing of the Me 262 instead being adapted. Proposals for a pulsejet and rocket combination, the P.1101L , were also put forth. The design was further developed, including a longer nose, and after wind tunnel testing of a number of wing and fuselage profiles, the decision was made to undertake the construction of a full-scale test aircraft. This finalized design and associated test data were submitted to

270-444: The surname Busemann . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Busemann&oldid=958925203 " Categories : Surnames German-language surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

300-548: The "sensitive developments" for the Luftwaffe ). Nevertheless, he continued working with the concept, and by the end of the year had demonstrated similar benefits in the transonic region as well, after which the research topic was classified. As director of the Braunschweig labs, he started an experimental wind tunnel test series of the concept, and by 1942 had amassed a considerable amount of useful technical data. As

330-732: The Construction Bureau on 10 November 1944 and the selection of production materials was begun on 4 December 1944. On 28 February 1945, the RLM settled on a competing design, the Focke-Wulf Ta 183 , as the winner of the Emergency Fighter program. This decision was based in part on the considerable design difficulties being encountered by the Messerschmitt P.1101 design team. For example, the cannon installation

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360-690: The Germans), which they had obtained prior to the arrival of American units to the area. The airframe meanwhile became a favorite prop for GI souvenir photos. Later, the prototype was shipped first to Wright Patterson AFB, then to the Bell Aircraft Works in Buffalo, New York in 1948 where an Allison J35 engine was attached. Damage ruled out any possibility for repair although some of the Me P.1101's design features were subsequently used by Bell as

390-504: The basis for the Bell X-5 , which was the first aircraft capable of varying its wing geometry while in flight. The 24 July 1944 design by Hans Hornung of a single-seat jet fighter. It was powered by one Heinkel He S 011 turbojet. This was the shortest of all versions with a blunt nose and a v-tail . It had a wingspan of 7.15 m and a length of 6.85 m. The armament was two MK 108 cannon . A sleeker design, dating from 30 August 1944. Also

420-668: The complex plane, and was used for some time in the industry. Busemann moved to the United States in 1947 and started work at NACA 's Langley Research Center . In 1951 he gave a talk where he described the fact that air at near supersonic speeds no longer varied in diameter with speed according to Bernoulli's theorem but remained largely incompressible and acting as fixed diameter pipes, or as he put it, 'streampipes'. He jokingly referred to aerodynamicists as needing to become 'pipe fitters'. This talk led an attendee, Richard Whitcomb , to try and work out what these pipes were doing in

450-524: The concept, leading to a re-modeling of the B-47 Stratojet with a swept wing. Busemann's work, along with similar work by Robert T. Jones in the US, led to a revolution in aircraft design. Near the end of the war, Busemann started studying airflow around delta wings , leading to the development of his supersonic conical flow theory. This reduced the complexity of the airflow to a conformal mapping in

480-788: The cost of having no lift. Busemann also did early work on magneto-hydrodynamics in the 1920s, as well as on cylindrical focusing of shock waves and non-steady gas dynamics. Busemann held a professorship at the University of Colorado from 1963 and suggested the use of ceramic tiles on the Space Shuttle , which were adopted by NASA. He was awarded the Ludwig-Prandtl-Ring from the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt (German Society for Aeronautics and Astronautics) for "outstanding contribution in

510-519: The field of aerospace engineering" in 1966. He died at age 85 in Boulder, Colorado . Messerschmitt Me P.1101 The Messerschmitt P.1101 was a single-seat, single- jet fighter project of World War II , developed as part of the 15 July 1944 Emergency Fighter Program which sought a second generation of jet fighters for the Third Reich . A prominent feature of the P.1101 prototype

540-422: The ground from 30, 40, to 45 degrees; this was for testing only and never intended as an operational feature. The fuselage-mounted tandem intakes of the preliminary designs were replaced by a single nose intake, and the canopy became a bubble design, which afforded better allround vision than the initial integrated canopy offered. The production prototype also incorporated a more conventional swept tail design, which

570-484: The large Lorin ramjet located to the back of the cockpit, as well as a conventional tail. A different design of a two-seat v-tailed heavy fighter and destroyer. It was an all-metal aircraft armed with a large 7.5 cm Pak 40 cannon and was powered by two Heinkel He S 011 turbojets. It had a wingspan of 13.28 m and a length of 13.1 m. Another very different variant altogether. Two-seat attack/destroyer all-metal aircraft powered by four Heinkel He S 011 turbojets. It had

600-537: The need for higher speed aircraft became pressing in Germany, the Messerschmitt Me P.1101 was developed to flight test these designs. When World War II ended, a team of American aerodynamicists travelled to Germany as part of Operation Lusty . The team included von Kármán, Tsien Hsue-shen , Hugh Dryden and George S. Schairer from Boeing . They reached the Braunschweig labs on 7 May, where they found

630-402: The swept back wing at anticipated speeds up to Mach 1 . The worsening war situation led to the expedited, but risky, approach of building a full-scale prototype in parallel with detail construction and continuing statistical calculation, while existing components such as the wings (Me 262), landing gear (extended Bf 109), and flight components were utilized where feasible. It was also intended for

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660-459: The test flights to be conducted with 35, 40, and 45-degree wing sweep. Production of the V1 prototype was begun at Messerschmitt's Bavarian Oberammergau Complex with a projected first flight in June 1945. The P.1101 V1 prototype was of duralumin fuselage construction, retaining the outer wing section of the Me 262, but with larger slats and, as mentioned previously, the wing sweep could be adjusted on

690-600: The type of engine was meant to be comparatively easy.) In addition, the production model was to be equipped with a pressurized cockpit and armored canopy, and to be armed with two or four 30 mm (1.2 in) MK 108 cannons , Ruhrstahl X-4 air-to-air missiles , or both. By the time an American infantry unit discovered the Oberammergau complex on 29 April 1945, the V1 prototype was approximately 80% complete. The wings were not yet attached and appear to have never had skinning applied to their undersides. The airframe

720-401: The very day of Italian invasion of Ethiopia which caused a delay of his talk. The paper concerned only supersonic lift. At the time of his proposal, flight much beyond 300 miles per hour had not been achieved and it was considered an academic curiosity (in fact, Busemann was initially planning to present a talk on supersonic wind tunnels, but had to swap topics with Jakob Ackeret because of

750-426: Was constructed out of wood and remained mounted on the tapered tailboom. A T-tail was also designed. The tricycle undercarriage consisted of a steerable, rearward-retracting nosewheel and long forward-retracting wing root-mounted main gear. The prototype was fitted with an apparently inoperable Heinkel He S 011 jet engine, but given the non-availability of this engine, a Jumo 004B was fitted for test flights. (Changing

780-404: Was developed initially had a short and wide fuselage, tricycle landing gear , and mid-mounted wings with an inner sweep of 40° near the fuselage, and a shallower 26° outboard. The single HeS 011 jet engine was to be mounted internally within the fuselage, being aspirated by two rounded intakes located on either side of the cockpit. The high tail was of a V configuration , and mounted on

810-678: Was promoted to professor at University of Göttingen . He held various positions within the German scientific community during this period, and during the war he was the director of the Braunschweig Laboratory , a famous research establishment. Busemann discovered the benefits of the swept wing for aircraft at high speeds, presenting a paper on the topic at the Fifth Volta Conference in Rome on October 3, 1935,

840-483: Was proving too crowded, the mainwheel retraction and door mechanisms were too complex, the fuselage needed a great many "strong points" to deal with loads, and the anticipated performance had fallen below RLM specifications, due to increased weight. Since considerable work had already been done on the P.1101 design, the RLM decided to continue reduced funding in order for Messerschmitt to carry out experimental flights, testing

870-492: Was removed from the nearby tunnel in which it was hidden and all associated documents were seized. There was some lobbying by Messerschmitt Chief Designer Woldemar Voigt and Robert J. Woods of Bell Aircraft to have the P.1101 V1 completed by June 1945, but this was precluded by the destruction of some critical documents and the refusal of the French to release the remaining majority of the design documents (microfilmed and buried by

900-481: Was that the sweep angle of the wings could be changed before flight, a feature further developed in later variable-sweep aircraft such as the Bell X-5 and Grumman XF10F Jaguar . Within nine days of the 15 July 1944 issuance of design specifications for the Emergency Fighter, the Messerschmitt design bureau, under Dr. Woldemar Voigt, had formed a preliminary paper design for the P.1101. The aircraft which

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