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47-493: The 1,435-square-kilometre (554 sq mi) municipality is the 63rd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Båtsfjord is the 276th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,113. The municipality's population density is 1.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (3.9/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 4.3% over the previous 10-year period. Historically, there were many other villages in

94-402: A tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The blue color in the field and the fish hook was chosen for the great economic importance of fishing and fish processing in the municipality. The shape of the hook was derived from ancient Stone Age hooks found in the municipality. The arms were designed by Arvid Sveen after

141-423: A Scottish animal welfare group, stated in 2005 that "scientific evidence ... strongly suggests that there is a potential for decapod crustaceans and cephalopods to experience pain and suffering". This is primarily due to "The likelihood that decapod crustaceans can feel pain [which] is supported by the fact that they have been shown to have opioid receptors and to respond to opioids (analgesics such as morphine) in

188-493: A hard shell, which would otherwise prevent growth. The moult cycle is coordinated by hormones . When preparing for moult, the old shell is softened and partly eroded away, while the rudimentary beginnings of a new shell form under it. At the time of moulting, the crab takes in a lot of water to expand and crack open the old shell at a line of weakness along the back edge of the carapace . The crab must then extract all of itself – including its legs, mouthparts , eyestalks , and even

235-501: A little less than the land area of Puerto Rico , 8,868 square kilometres (3,424 sq mi). Although the arithmetic density is the most common way of measuring population density, several other methods have been developed to provide alternative measures of population density over a specific area. Crab Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura (meaning "short tail" in Greek ), which typically have

282-692: A mate. Another conspicuous difference is the form of the pleon ( abdomen ); in most male crabs, this is narrow and triangular in form, while females have a broader, rounded abdomen. This is because female crabs brood fertilised eggs on their pleopods . Crabs attract a mate through chemical ( pheromones ), visual, acoustic, or vibratory means. Pheromones are used by most fully aquatic crabs, while terrestrial and semiterrestrial crabs often use visual signals, such as fiddler crab males waving their large claws to attract females. The vast number of brachyuran crabs have internal fertilisation and mate belly-to-belly. For many aquatic species, mating takes place just after

329-500: A process known as carcinisation . Crabs are found in all of the world's oceans, as well as in fresh water and on land , particularly in tropical regions. About 850 species are freshwater crabs . Crabs often show marked sexual dimorphism . Males often have larger claws , a tendency that is particularly pronounced in the fiddler crabs of the genus Uca ( Ocypodidae ). In fiddler crabs, males have one greatly enlarged claw used for communication, particularly for attracting

376-725: A proposal by Svein Harald Eliassen. Fishing permits (for salmon fishing) are sold for use on specific rivers including the Sandfjordelva, Syltefjordelva and Komagelva. A crab processing factory was started in 2015. About 20 to 30 million Norwegian kroner was the cost of investment. It initially employed 28 people. Båtsfjord Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services , senior citizen services, welfare and other social services , zoning , economic development , and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality

423-484: A royal resolution was passed that officially declared it a self-governing municipality. On 1 January 1874, a small part of Vardø landdistrikt (population: 48) was transferred to the town of Vardø. In 1956, the name was changed to Båtsfjord . During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee . On 1 January 1964, the eastern fourth of Båtsfjord (population: 621)

470-498: A similar way to vertebrates." Similarities between decapod and vertebrate stress systems and behavioral responses to noxious stimuli were given as additional evidence for the capacity of decapods to experience pain. In 2005 a review of the literature by the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety tentatively concluded that "it is unlikely that [lobsters] can feel pain," though they note that "there

517-636: A thick exoskeleton , composed primarily of highly mineralized chitin . Behind their pair of chelae (claws) are six walking legs and then two swimming legs. The crab breathes through gills on its underside; gills must be at least moist to work. Crabs vary in size from the pea crab , a few millimeters wide, to the Japanese spider crab , with a leg span up to 4 m (13 ft). Several other groups of crustaceans with similar appearances – such as king crabs and porcelain crabs – are not true crabs, but have evolved features similar to true crabs through

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564-487: A very short projecting tail -like abdomen , usually hidden entirely under the thorax . They live in all the world's oceans, in freshwater , and on land . They are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton . They generally have five pairs of legs, and they have pincer claws on the ends of the frontmost pair. They first appeared during the Jurassic period, around 200 million years ago. Crabs are generally covered with

611-425: Is fjord which means " fjord ". The village is located at the innermost part of a fjord, so the name has a very straightforward meaning. The coat of arms was granted on 19 April 1985. The official blazon is " Azure , a fish hook argent " ( Norwegian : I blått en hvit fiskekrok ). This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is a Stone Age bone fish hook . The fishing hook has

658-511: Is 53/km (140/sq mi). This includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica . However, if Antarctica is excluded, then population density rises to over 58 per square kilometre (150/sq mi). The European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) has developed a suite of (open and free) data and tools named the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) to improve the science for policy support to

705-454: Is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans , but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term. Population density is population divided by total land area , sometimes including seas and oceans, as appropriate. Low densities may cause an extinction vortex and further reduce fertility. This is called the Allee effect after

752-471: Is apparently a paucity of exact knowledge on sentience in crustaceans, and more research is needed." This conclusion is based on the lobster 's simple nervous system. The report assumes that the violent reaction of lobsters to boiling water is a reflex response (i.e. does not involve conscious perception) to noxious stimuli. The earliest unambiguous crab fossils date from the Early Jurassic , with

799-507: Is around 8,000,000,000 and the Earth 's total area (including land and water) is 510,000,000 km (200,000,000 sq mi). Therefore, the worldwide human population density is approximately 8,000,000,000 ÷ 510,000,000 = 16/km (41/sq mi). However, if only the Earth's land area of 150,000,000 km (58,000,000 sq mi) is taken into account, then human population density

846-441: Is complete, the female releases the newly hatched larvae into the water, where they are part of the plankton . The release is often timed with the tidal and light/dark diurnal cycle . The free-swimming tiny zoea larvae can float and take advantage of water currents. They have a spine, which probably reduces the rate of predation by larger animals. The zoea of most species must find food, but some crabs provide enough yolk in

893-592: Is critical, and it must take place in a habitat that is suitable for the juvenile to survive. Most species of terrestrial crabs must migrate down to the ocean to release their larvae; in some cases, this entails very extensive migrations. After living for a short time as larvae in the ocean, the juveniles must do this migration in reverse. In many tropical areas with land crabs, these migrations often result in considerable roadkill of migrating crabs. Once crabs have become juveniles, they still have to keep moulting many more times to become adults. They are covered with

940-544: Is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Indre og Østre Finnmark District Court and the Hålogaland Court of Appeal . The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Båtsfjord is made up of 15 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show

987-411: Is often a chief concern. Indeed, surimi is an important source of protein in most East and Southeast Asian cultures, appearing in staple ingredients such as fish balls and fish cake. Whether crustaceans as a whole experience pain or not is a scientific debate that has ethical implications for crab dish preparation. Crabs are very often boiled alive as part of the cooking process. Advocates for Animals,

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1034-823: Is popular in Southeast Asian cultures, some Mediterranean and Northern European cultures, and on the East, Chesapeake , and Gulf Coasts of the United States. In some regions, spices improve the culinary experience. In Southeast Asia and the Indosphere , masala crab and chilli crab are examples of heavily spiced dishes. In the Chesapeake Bay region, blue crab is often steamed with Old Bay Seasoning . Alaskan king crab or snow crab legs are usually simply boiled and served with garlic or lemon butter. For

1081-526: Is separated into several sections, with the basal Dromiacea diverging the earliest in the evolutionary history, around the Late Triassic or Early Jurassic . The group consisting of Raninoida and Cyclodorippoida split off next, during the Jurassic period. The remaining clade Eubrachyura then divided during the Cretaceous period into Heterotremata and Thoracotremata . A summary of

1128-697: The Barents Sea . There are no native trees due to the climate. The Varangerhalvøya National Park lies in the southern part of the municipality. Makkaur Lighthouse lies along the shoreline, near the mouth of the Båtsfjorden , northeast of the village of Båtsfjord . The highest point in the municipality is the 633.85-metre (2,079.6 ft) tall mountain Skipskjølen, located on the border with Vadsø Municipality . Previously, there were several villages along this barren coast, but today everyone lives in

1175-654: The European Commission Directorate Generals and Services and as support to the United Nations system. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states , microstates and urban dependencies . In fact, 95% of the world's population is concentrated on just 10% of the world's land. These territories have a relatively small area and a high urbanization level, with an economically specialized city population drawing also on rural resources outside

1222-469: The Varanger Peninsula . In 1839, to comply with the formannskapsdistrikt law, the rural parts of the municipality, outside of the island/town of Vardø , were separated to form the new municipality of Vardø landdistrikt . Initially, Vardø landdistrikt had a population of 245. The new municipality was too small to be an official self-governing municipality, and it was not until 22 May 1868 when

1269-475: The British dish dressed crab , the crab meat is extracted and placed inside the hard shell. One American way to prepare crab meat is by extracting it and adding varying amounts of binders, such as egg white, cracker meal, mayonnaise, or mustard, creating a crab cake . Crabs can also be made into a bisque , a global dish of French origin which in its authentic form includes in the broth the pulverized shells of

1316-998: The area, illustrating the difference between high population density and overpopulation . Deserts have very limited potential for growing crops as there is not enough rain to support them. Thus, their population density is generally low. However, some cities in the Middle East, such as Dubai , have been increasing in population and infrastructure growth at a fast pace. Cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Very densely populated cities are mostly in Asia (particularly Southeast Asia ); Africa's Lagos , Kinshasa , and Cairo ; South America's Bogotá , Lima , and São Paulo ; and Mexico City and Saint Petersburg also fall into this category. City population and especially area are, however, heavily dependent on

1363-466: The crab may survive and regenerate the claws. Crabs are prepared and eaten as a dish in many different ways all over the world. Some species are eaten whole, including the shell, such as soft-shell crab ; with other species, just the claws or legs are eaten. The latter is particularly common for larger crabs, such as the snow crab . In many cultures, the roe of the female crab is also eaten, which usually appears orange or yellow in fertile crabs. This

1410-693: The crab species. For many crabs, a mixed diet of plant and animal matter results in the fastest growth and greatest fitness . Some species are more specialised in their diets, based in plankton, clams or fish. Crabs are known to work together to provide food and protection for their family, and during mating season to find a comfortable spot for the female to release her eggs. Crabs make up 20% of all marine crustaceans caught, farmed, and consumed worldwide, amounting to 1.5 million tonnes annually. One species, Portunus trituberculatus , accounts for one-fifth of that total. Other commercially important taxa include Portunus pelagicus , several species in

1457-416: The current and historical composition of the council by political party . The mayors ( Norwegian : ordfører ) of Båtsfjord: The municipality covers an area of 1,433 square kilometres (553 sq mi) including Finnmark's highest mountain pass over Ordofjell at 400 metres (1,300 ft) above sea level. It is situated on the northeastern coast of the Varanger Peninsula , on the rocky coastline of

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1504-547: The definition of "urban area" used: densities are almost invariably higher for the center only than when suburban settlements and intervening rural areas are included, as in the agglomeration or metropolitan area (the latter sometimes including neighboring cities). In comparison, based on a world population of 8 billion, the world's inhabitants, if conceptualized as a loose crowd occupying just under 1 m (10 sq ft) per person (cf. Jacobs Method ), would occupy an area of 8,000 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi)

1551-426: The eggs that the larval stages can continue to live off the yolk. Each species has a particular number of zoeal stages, separated by moults , before they change into a megalopa stage, which resembles an adult crab, except for having the abdomen (tail) sticking out behind. After one more moult, the crab is a juvenile , living on the bottom rather than floating in the water. This last moult, from megalopa to juvenile,

1598-532: The end of the Jurassic as the result of the decline of reef ecosystems. Crabs increased in diversity through the Cretaceous and represented the dominant group of decapods by the end of the period. The crab infraorder Brachyura belongs to the group Reptantia , which consists of the walking/crawling decapods ( lobsters and crabs). Brachyura is the sister clade to the infraorder Anomura , which contains

1645-436: The female has moulted and is still soft. Females can store the sperm for a long time before using it to fertilise their eggs . When fertilisation has taken place, the eggs are released onto the female's abdomen, below the tail flap, secured with a sticky material. In this location, they are protected during embryonic development. Females carrying eggs are called "berried" since the eggs resemble round berries. When development

1692-459: The genus Chionoecetes , the blue crab ( Callinectes sapidus ), Charybdis spp. , Cancer pagurus , the Dungeness crab ( Metacarcinus magister ), and Scylla serrata , each of which yields more than 20,000 tonnes annually. In some crab species, meat is harvested by manually twisting and pulling off one or both claws and returning the live crab to the water in the knowledge that

1739-723: The hermit crabs and relatives. The cladogram below shows Brachyura's placement within the larger order Decapoda , from analysis by Wolfe et al. , 2019. Dendrobranchiata (prawns) [REDACTED] Stenopodidea (boxer shrimp) [REDACTED] Procarididea Caridea ("true" shrimp) [REDACTED] Achelata (spiny lobsters and slipper lobsters) [REDACTED] Polychelida (benthic crustaceans) Astacidea (lobsters and crayfish) [REDACTED] Axiidea (mud shrimp, ghost shrimp, and burrowing shrimp) Gebiidea (mud lobsters and mud shrimp) [REDACTED] Anomura (hermit crabs and allies) [REDACTED] Brachyura ("true" crabs) [REDACTED] Brachyura

1786-436: The lining of the front and back of the digestive tract – from the old shell. This is a difficult process that takes many hours, and if a crab gets stuck, it will die. After freeing itself from the old shell (now called an exuvia ), the crab is extremely soft and hides until its new shell has hardened. While the new shell is still soft, the crab can expand it to make room for future growth. Crabs typically walk sideways (hence

1833-403: The municipality surrounded the town of Vardø . On 24 August 1956, a royal resolution changed the name of the municipality to Båtsfjord . This new name was chosen because the village of Båtsfjord ( Old Norse : Botnsfjǫrðr ) was the main population centre of the municipality. The first element is the genitive case of botn which means "the innermost part of a fjord ". The last element

1880-408: The municipality, but they have been abandoned over the years. Some of these villages include Hamningberg (abandoned in 1964), Makkaur (abandoned in the 1950s), Sandfjord/Ytre Syltefjord (abandoned in 1946), Hamna (abandoned around 1950), and Nordfjord (abandoned in 1989). Vardø Municipality was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law), encompassing the northeastern part of

1927-731: The now-abandoned village of Nordfjord . Two pairs were discovered in 1961, but the colony has now grown to well over 300 pairs. The Church of Norway has one parish ( sokn ) within the municipality of Båtsfjord. It is part of the Varanger prosti ( deanery ) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland . The main church is Båtsfjord Church . There are two other small chapels, but they are only used for special occasions since they are located in uninhabited areas that are only used for summer cottages. Population density Population density (in agriculture : standing stock or plant density )

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1974-518: The oldest being Eocarcinus from the early Pliensbachian of Britain, which likely represents a stem-group lineage , as it lacks several key morphological features that define modern crabs. Most Jurassic crabs are only known from dorsal (top half of the body) carapaces , making it difficult to determine their relationships. Crabs radiated in the Late Jurassic , corresponding with an increase in reef habitats, though they would decline at

2021-443: The scientist who identified it. Examples of the causes of reduced fertility in low population densities are: Population density is the number of people per unit of area, usually transcribed as "per square kilometer" or square mile, and which may include or exclude, for example, areas of water or glaciers. Commonly this is calculated for a county , city , country , another territory or the entire world . The world's population

2068-473: The shellfish from which it is made. Imitation crab , also called surimi , is made from minced fish meat that is crafted and colored to resemble crab meat. While it is sometimes disdained among some elements of the culinary industry as an unacceptably low-quality substitute for real crab, this does not hinder its popularity, especially as a sushi ingredient in Japan and South Korea, and in home cooking, where cost

2115-1153: The term crabwise ), because of the articulation of the legs which makes a sidelong gait more efficient. Some crabs walk forward or backward, including raninids , Libinia emarginata and Mictyris platycheles . Some crabs, like the Portunidae and Matutidae , are also capable of swimming, the Portunidae especially so as their last pair of walking legs are flattened into swimming paddles. Crabs are mostly active animals with complex behaviour patterns such as communicating by drumming or waving their pincers . Crabs tend to be aggressive toward one another, and males often fight to gain access to females. On rocky seashores , where nearly all caves and crevices are occupied, crabs may also fight over hiding holes. Fiddler crabs (genus Uca ) dig burrows in sand or mud, which they use for resting, hiding, and mating, and to defend against intruders. Crabs are omnivores , feeding primarily on algae , and taking any other food, including molluscs , worms , other crustaceans , fungi , bacteria , and detritus , depending on their availability and

2162-459: The village of Båtsfjord , with a sheltered harbor at the end of the Båtsfjorden inlet. Among the now-abandoned fishing villages is Hamningberg on the outer coast, which has many well-preserved 19th century wooden houses. Now, it is only used for summer vacation stays. The world's northernmost gannet colony to be found on the stack at Syltefjordstauran, along the Syltefjorden , north of

2209-519: Was transferred to the neighboring Vardø Municipality . On 1 January 2020, the municipality became part of the newly formed Troms og Finnmark county. Previously, it had been part of the old Finnmark county. On 1 January 2024, the Troms og Finnmark county was divided and the municipality once again became part of Finnmark county. The name was originally Vardø landdistrikt (and later Vardø herred ) which both mean "the rural district of Vardø", since

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