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35-504: Bóbrka may refer to the following places: Historical Polish name for Bibrka , Ukraine Bóbrka, Lesko County in Subcarpathian Voivodeship (south-east Poland) Bóbrka, Krosno County in Subcarpathian Voivodeship (south-east Poland) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with

70-469: A Lviv lawyer. In the city, the remains of two synagogues have been preserved. One, called the Great Synagogue, was built in 1821. It is located in the central part of the city, to the north of the market square. To the north of the market square and to the east of the Great Synagogue is the prayer house, which was built in the mid-19th century. To the west of the city center, near the bridge, there

105-432: A great fire destroyed almost the entire city of Biborka. As a result, the government exempted Biborka from taxes for 10 years. In 1502, Turkish-Tatar hordes completely destroyed the city. In the tax registry of 1515, a priest (indicating that there was already a church at that time) and a mill were documented in the city. On October 10, 1518, the city was exempted from paying taxes for 6 years due to its destruction during

140-573: A long time: in the 1621 inventory, royal foragers could not find any provisions in the city. In 1638, the Polish Sejm recognized that Biborka had almost completely declined and again exempted its residents from paying taxes for 4 years. On April 28, 1643, King Władysław IV Vasa granted the right of "life tenure" to half of the city of Biborka and the villages of Lany, Lanky, and Piatnychany to Lviv stolnik Stanisław Kowalski. On June 20, 1643, he extended this right to his wife, Regina Tshyebenska. When

175-598: A milestone in the urbanization of the region which prompted the development of thousands of villages and cities. Being a member of the Hanseatic League , Magdeburg was one of the most important trade cities, maintaining commerce with the Low Countries , the Baltic states , and the interior (for example Braunschweig ). As with most medieval city laws, the rights were primarily targeted at regulating trade to

210-596: A place where beavers were hunted in ancient Rus. According to other sources, the year 1211 is not the year of the first mention of the city of Biborka, but of the river of the same name. As for the settlement itself, it began to be mentioned in chronicles only from 1436 as the possession of Vnuchek from Kutno. The settlement was owned by the Polish king and was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania . Local craftsmen – tanners, weavers, shoemakers, and merchants – paid taxes to

245-492: A population of 3,980. Bibrka was the site of a Soviet prison and detention centre that detained Poles and others in the mid-20th century. The first mention of the city dates back to the Galician-Volhynian Chronicle of 1211, as well as mentions of neighboring villages – Stara Biborka and Nova Biborka. The Biborka River is also mentioned, as well as the ancient tract of Boberka (Biborka), which means

280-463: Is also considered a possible founder of the city. In 1469, Biborka received Magdeburg rights by the privilege of Casimir IV Jagiellon , which allowed for two annual fairs and weekly (specifically, every Tuesday) markets. The privilege was confirmed by Sigismund II Augustus in 1569, who allowed for a third annual fair and markets not only on Tuesdays, but also on Saturdays. Townspeople were also allowed to brew beer for their own consumption. In 1474,

315-717: Is possible that he founded the Bobrok Castle on these lands, which later gave rise to the town of Biborka. Dmytro was married to the sister of the Grand Prince of Moscow, Dmitry Donskoy – Anna. It was after this marriage that the symbol of Yuriy the Snake Slayer became the emblem of the Moscow princes and Moscow itself. The Volynian branch of the Russian princes descended from Dmytro Koryatovych. Volodymyr Kormylchych

350-766: The Kingdom of Poland , Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , the Austrian Empire , the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria , the Russian Empire , Poland, the Soviet Union , and is now part of the Lviv Oblast in Ukraine; as a result Bibrka has had several official and native names, including: Bóbrka ( Polish ), Bobrka ( Russian ), Prachnik ( German ), and Boiberik / Boyberke ( Yiddish ). The city has

385-528: The Soviet Union in 1945. Until 18 July 2020, Bibrka belonged to Peremyshliany Raion . The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Peremyshliany Raion was merged into Lviv Raion. As of the Ukrainian census in 2001, the town had a population 3,949 inhabitants. The ethnic and lingustic composition

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420-581: The Teutonic Order and Duchy of Masovia , as well as some cities under direct Polish and Lithuanian rule, obtained Chełmno rights , a local variant of Magdeburg rights, which prevailed in the area roughly corresponding to today's northeastern quarter of Poland, including the current Polish capital of Warsaw . In addition to this, many towns in the Duchy of Pomerania in modern north-western Poland and other Baltic port cities were granted Lübeck law , thus

455-527: The Cossack troops entered Biborka in 1648, the local shoemakers' guild gave them 80 pairs of boots, and the local furriers gave them 60 fur coats. The Polish-Swedish War (1655–1660) brought the city to complete decline. According to the 1661 inventory, there were only 26 houses in the city, compared to 150 before the war. Only in 1765 did the number of houses reach 300. In addition, Biborka had many people who did not have their own homes, known as halupnyky.From

490-574: The Lviv starosta as the king's representative. Biborka was often leased to feudal lords. From 1353 to 1366, Dmytro Koryatovych (known in Russian chronicles as the voivode of Bobrok-Volynskyi ) owned land on the banks of the river Biborka. He belonged to the Koryatovych dynasty and these lands were dependent on the Grand Duke of Lithuania Liubartas , whom Dmytro Koryatovych served as a vassal. It

525-585: The Magdeburg rights. In 1832, the city of Chernivtsi was granted Magdeburg rights by the Austrian authorities. The old towns of Kraków , Lviv , Vilnius and Zamość , considerably developed under the Magdeburg rights, are World Heritage Sites , and Kazimierz Dolny , Lublin , Paczków , Poznań , Przemyśl , Rydzyna , Sandomierz , Stary Sącz , Tykocin and Wrocław are also designated Historic Monuments of Poland . There are memorials to

560-896: The Pious in 1253. Following the formation of the Polish–Lithuanian union in 1385, Magdeburg rights spread to Lithuania, first granted to the chief cities of Vilnius , Brest and Kaunas , although more slowly than earlier in Poland, especially late in the east and in private towns . In the 15th and 16th centuries, the rights were granted to many other towns, including, chronologically, Trakai , Grodno , Kyiv , Polotsk , Minsk , Novogrudok , Rechytsa , Slonim , Barysaw , Mogilev , Mazyr , Mir , Pińsk , Alytus , Nyasvizh , Šiauliai , Biržai , Lida , Kėdainiai and Vitebsk . Magdeburg rights in Lithuania were initially modeled after

595-1052: The Polish cities of Kraków and Lublin , and then after Vilnius. Hundreds of towns in Poland and Lithuania, some now located in Belarus, Latvia and Ukraine , were formerly governed on the basis of the location privilege known as the "settlement with German law", excluding local variants of Magdeburg rights, with some of the more notable cities being, chronologically, Lublin , Zielona Góra , Tarnów , Olkusz , Sanok , Bydgoszcz , Rzeszów , Lwów , Będzin , Kielce , Krosno , Wieliczka , Częstochowa , Jarosław , Przemyśl , Chełm , Kazimierz Dolny , Łódź , Kamieniec Podolski , Łuck , Żytomierz , Rivne , Kowel , Siedlce , Leszno , Tarnopol , Rydzyna , Augustów , Płoskirów , Zamość , Daugavpils , Brody , Orsza , Biała Cerkiew , Nowogród Siewierski , Czernihów , Nizhyn , Krzemieńczuk , Vinnytsia , Poltava , Stanisławów , Jēkabpils , Suwałki , Białystok , Uman , Palanga , Telšiai , Cherkasy and Marijampolė . The rights reached

630-477: The Tatar invasion. On January 13, 1530, the city, along with the villages of Serniki, Lany, and Piatnychany, was transferred to the lifelong possession of Peter Venglivsky's widow, Anna Venglivska, after his death. From 1605 to 1633, the Lviv district, to which Biborka belonged, was devastated by Tatar invasions 14 times in 28 years, including in 1612–1624 and 1626. Biborka could not recover from this devastation for

665-447: The benefit of the local merchants and artisans, who formed the most important part of the population of many such cities. External merchants coming into the city were not allowed to trade on their own, but were instead forced to sell the goods they had brought into the city to local traders, if any wished to buy them. Jews and Germans were sometimes competitors in those cities. Jews lived under privileges that they carefully negotiated with

700-515: The centuries after its establishment during the Imperial Reform of 1495. The first town to be granted Magdeburg rights in Poland was Złotoryja in 1211. Soon many towns were vested with the law including Wrocław , Opole , Inowrocław , Sandomierz , Gniezno , Poznań , Bochnia , Głogów , Bytom , Sieradz , Kraków , Legnica , Opatów , Konin , Piotrków , Racibórz in the 13th century, whereas Szczecin and Stargard were granted

735-702: The easternmost cities of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , including Roslavl , Smolensk and Starodub , now part of Russia . The advantages of the Magdeburg rights were not only economic, but also political. Members of noble families were able to join the city patriciate usually unchallenged. There were cases of changing the type of municipal rights, such as in Błonie from Magdeburg to Chełmno rights , and in Bielsk Podlaski and Tykocin from Chełmno to Magdeburg rights. Most towns ruled by

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770-655: The first partition of Poland in 1772 until 1918, the town was part of the Austrian monarchy (Austria side after the compromise of 1867 ), head of the BOBRKA district, one of the 78 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Austrian Galicia province (Crown land) in 1900. The fate of this province was then disputed between Poland and Russia, until the Peace of Riga in 1921. In 1774, the Lviv starosta Milbacher wrote that there

805-550: The king or emperor . They were not subject to city jurisdiction. These privileges guaranteed that they could maintain communal autonomy, live according to their laws, and be subjected directly to the royal jurisdiction in matters concerning Jews and Christians. One of the provisions granted to Jews was that a Jew could not be compelled to be a Gewährsmann /informant; that is, he had the right to keep confidential how he had acquired objects in his possession. A Jew with this right could voluntarily divulge who had gifted, sold, or loaned him

840-584: The local ruler. Named after the city of Magdeburg , these town charters were perhaps the most important set of medieval laws in Central Europe . They became the basis for the German town laws developed during many centuries in the Holy Roman Empire . The Magdeburg rights were adopted and adapted by numerous monarchs, including the rulers of Bohemia , Hungary , Poland , and Lithuania ,

875-477: The local tribunal of Magdeburg also became the superior court for these towns, Magdeburg, together with Lübeck , practically defined the law of northern Germany, Poland and Lithuania for centuries, being the heart of the most important "family" of city laws. This role remained until the old Germanic laws were successively replaced with Roman law under the influence of the Reichskammergericht , in

910-555: The most advanced systems of old Germanic law of the time, in the 13th and 14th centuries, Magdeburg rights were granted to more than a hundred cities, in Central Europe apart from Germany , including Schleswig , Bohemia , Poland , Pomerania , Prussia , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (following the Christianization of Lithuania ), including present-day Belarus and Ukraine , and probably Moldavia . In these lands they were mostly known as German or Teutonic law. Since

945-418: The object, but it was illegal to coerce him to say. Other provisions frequently mentioned were a permission to sell meat to Christians, or employ Christian servants. By at least some contemporary observers, the parallel infrastructure of Jews and gentiles was considered significant; in medieval Poland's royal city development policy, both German merchants and Jews were invited to settle in Polish cities. Among

980-466: The old common law of Poland in private relations. Local variants of Magdeburg law were created, such as Środa law based on the rights granted to Środa Śląska by Henry the Bearded in 1235, Kalisz law, a variant of the Środa law, based on the rights granted to Kalisz by Bolesław the Pious before 1268, and Poznań law, a variant of Magdeburg rights, based on the rights granted to Poznań by Bolesław

1015-492: The original Magdeburg law was relatively rare in what is now northern Poland. In the medieval Kingdom of Hungary , the first town to receive the Magdeburg rights was Székesfehérvár in 1237, followed by Trnava (1238), Nitra (1248), Levoča (1271) and Žilina (1369). Towns and cities including Bardejov , Buda , Bratislava and Košice adopted the Southern German Nuremberg town rights, rather than

1050-402: The rights in 1243 by the duke of Pomerania. The Law of Magdeburg implemented in Poland was different from its original German form. It was combined with a set of civil and criminal laws, and adjusted to include the urban planning popular across Western Europe – which was based (more or less) on the ancient Roman model. Meanwhile, country people often ignorant of the actual German text, practiced

1085-487: The same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bóbrka&oldid=544391011 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Bibrka The town has been ruled at various points by

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1120-515: The town during World War II on June 30, 1941. In 1942, the Germans created a ghetto for the remaining 1,500 – 1,900 Jews who had not been deported to the Bełzec extermination camp. Approximately 300 Jews died in the ghetto due to disease and illness. The ghetto was liquidated on April 13, 1943, during which over 1,300 Jews were killed on a site in the nearby village of Volove . The region was annexed by

1155-590: Was an 18th-century cemetery with about 20 matzevot remaining. There were two synagogues in Bibirtsi in 1851. The Great Synagogue, now almost ruined. On March 3, 1918, a "celebration of statehood and peace" (veche) was held in the city in support of the actions of the UNR government, attended by about 20,000 people. In the middle of 1941, approximately 2,000 Jews lived in Birbrka. The Germans commenced their occupation of

1190-464: Was as follows: Magdeburg rights Magdeburg rights ( German : Magdeburger Recht , Polish : Prawo magdeburskie , Lithuanian : Magdeburgo teisė ; also called Magdeburg Law ) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted by

1225-533: Was no teacher in the Bibrezh district. In 1790, the city was acquired by the famous magnate – Count Skarbek. In the 1790s, the first educational institutions were opened: two-year (trivial) and three-year (normal) schools. In the 1840s, Bibirets had a population of 3,000 people. There was a textile factory. In Bibirets, there was an estate that belonged to the Chaykovsky family, in particular to Jan Chaykovsky,

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