Misplaced Pages

#736263

17-524: Gérardmer is said to owe its name to Gerard, Duke of Lorraine , who in the 11th century built a tower on the bank of the lake or mer , near which, in 1285, a new town was founded. Gérardmer is situated at a height of 2,200 feet (670 m) at the eastern end of the small lake, the Lac de Gérardmer among forest-clad mountains. Historically it has been the chief summer resort of the French Vosges and

34-609: Is an international festival of horror and fantastic films which has been held each year since 1994 in Gérardmer. This Vosges geographical article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Gerard, Duke of Lorraine Gerard ( c. 1030 – 14 April 1070), also known as Gerard the Wonderful , was a Lotharingian nobleman. He was the count of Metz and Châtenois from 1047 to 1048, when his brother Duke Adalbert resigned them to him upon his becoming

51-536: The Duke of Upper Lorraine . On Adalbert's death the next year, Gerard became duke, a position that he held until his death. In contemporary documents, he is called Gerard of Alsace (after the fact that he had some land in Alsace), Gerard of Chatenoy (after an ancestral castle near Neufchâteau ), or Gerard of Flanders (after his wife's homeland). He was the second son of Gerhard IV of Metz, count of Metz, and Gisela who

68-733: The Great Schism , and the latter was his own final resting place. On 18 June 1053, Gerard and Prince Rudolf of Benevento led papal and Swabian troops into battle on behalf of Pope Leo. This was the Battle of Civitate and it was a disastrous loss for the pope. His enemy, the Normans , under Humphrey of Hauteville and Richard of Aversa , defeated his allies and captured his person, taking him prisoner in Benevento. Gerard, however, returned to Lorraine. Among his other construction projects,

85-728: The Normans fought the Battle of Civitate near Civitate sul Fortore on 18 June 1053. Humphrey led the armies of the Hautevilles (assisted by his younger half-brother Robert Guiscard ) and Drengots (assisted by Richard Drengot) against the combined forces of the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire . The Normans destroyed the papal army and captured the pope, whom they imprisoned in Benevento , which they had been authorised by

102-640: The baronage. They had the following issue: He was the patrilineal ancestor of the line of dukes which ruled Lorraine until 1737 and of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty that ruled Tuscany (1737–1859), the Holy Roman Empire (1745–1807), Austria-Hungary (1780–1918), the Duchy of Parma (1814–1847), Duchy of Modena (1815–1859) and Mexico (1864–1867). Humphrey of Hauteville Humphrey of Hauteville (died August 1057), also nicknamed Abelard ,

119-400: The ducal helm and Gerard was imprisoned. Gerard, however, had the support of the chiefest of his bishops , that of Toul , Bruno of Eguisheim-Dagsburg (later the sainted Pope Leo IX ), who procured his liberation in 1049. The emperor gave him troops to assist him in his fight, for the rebels had the support of some elements in the church. Gerard himself remained, as his brother had, faithful to

136-649: The emperor to capture in 1047. They finally released him on 12 March 1054. Leo died soon after. In 1053, Humphrey also received his three brothers, Geoffrey and their half-brothers Mauger and a younger William , on their arrival in Italy. He granted Mauger the Capitanate and William the Principate . In the aftermath of Civitate, the Normans under Humphrey took advantage of the severely weakened papacy to further their conquest. He took Oria , Nardò , and Lecce by

153-516: The end of 1055. Robert Guiscard, the hero of Civitate, meanwhile conquered Minervino Murge , Otranto , and Gallipoli , before Humphrey sent him back to Calabria in fear of his growing power and influence. Upon his death in 1057 (or 1056 according to some sources), Humphrey was succeeded as count by Robert. Humphrey had given Guiscard the guardianship of his young sons, but Guiscard confiscated their inheritance. Humphrey married Gaitelgrima , daughter of Guaimar III , whom Amatus of Montecassino calls

170-502: The end to the imperial dynasty and his descendants would remain so as well even into the Hohenstaufen years. His alliance with the church was regular but inconstant and he afforded his protection to Moyenmoutier Abbey , Saint-Mihiel Abbey , and Remiremont Abbey . The former was the abbey of Cardinal Humbert of Silva Candida , who excommunicated the patriarch of Constantinople , Michael I Cerularius , in 1054, thus precipitating

187-737: The ranks of Rainulf Drengot , Count of Aversa . Chalandon , however, believes that he followed his brothers years later, between 1043 and 1045, as he is not recorded among the Normans who elected William Iron Arm in 1042. Anyway, in 1042, Humphrey's brother William was elected Count of Apulia . In 1046 he was succeeded by Drogo, whom, at the end of the same year, granted Humphrey the lordship of Lavello . In 1048, during some hostilities between Normans and Byzantines , Humphrey also conquered Troia and Vaccarizza , and he helped his young half-brother Robert Guiscard , who had just arrived in Southern Italy, to settle down. His reign began amid

SECTION 10

#1732797350737

204-413: The troubles which had ended his brother's. Humphrey vigorously punished the instigators of his brother's assassination, especially the principal murderer. Many Norman knights were in rebellion and pillaging papal lands. Guaimar IV of Salerno supported Humphrey's succession, but he was soon assassinated. Pope Leo IX organised a coalition against the Normans and marched south. The pope's forces and those of

221-679: Was a centre for excursions, including to the summit of the Hohneck and the Schlucht, which is a mountain pass from France to Germany. Nearer the town is the picturesque defile of Granges, watered by the Vologne , which at one point forms the cascade known as the Saut des Cuves . The Festival international du film fantastique de Gérardmer (literally Gérardmer International Festival of fantastic film , formerly named 'Fantastic'Arts' from 1994 to 2008)

238-542: Was older than Serlo, as Serlo stayed in Normandy to inherit their father’s possessions, while Humphrey journeyed to Southern Italy. Since Tancred had many sons, and his possessions weren’t enough to satisfy all of them, Humphrey and many of his brothers were soon forced to seek fortune elsewhere. Goffredo Malaterra and Amatus of Montecassino record that Humphrey journeyed to Southern Italy with his brothers William Iron Arm and Drogo , around 1035/7, to strengthen

255-414: Was possibly a daughter of Theodoric I, Duke of Upper Lorraine . Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor , invested Adalbert with Lorraine in 1047 after confiscating it from Godfrey III . Godfrey did not back down, however, and killed Adalbert in battle. Henry subsequently bestowed it on Gerard, but the deposed duke continued to stir. Godfrey had the support of a faction of the nobles who did not want a strong hand at

272-458: Was that of the castle of Prény , in the centre of the duchy, the beginnings of the capital city, Nancy . He died at Remiremont while trying to kill a revolt. Poisoning was suspected. The date of his death is either 14 April or 11 August. He was married to Hedwige of Namur (or of Flanders), daughter of Albert II, Count of Namur , and Regelindis of Lower Lorraine, daughter of Gothelo I, Duke of Lorraine . This marriage helped patch up relations with

289-400: Was the third Norman Count of Apulia . He succeeded his brother Drogo . Humphrey was a son of Tancred of Hauteville by his first wife Muriella. Goffredo Malaterra records him as being the third son, after William Iron Arm and Drogo , while Romuald Guarna records him as being the fifth, coming after Serlo , Geoffrey , Drogo and William. Regardless, it is unlikely anyway that Humphrey

#736263