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44-687: Gothenburg Municipality ( Göteborgs kommun or Göteborgs stad ) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden . Its seat is located in the city of Gothenburg . When the first Swedish local government acts were implemented in 1863 the City of Gothenburg, founded and chartered in 1621, became a city municipality with an elected city council ( stadsfullmäktige ). Its territory has since then been added through amalgamations in 1868, 1906, 1922, 1931, 1945, 1948, 1967 and 1974. The local government reform of 1971 made

88-684: A historic step, as disagreement over nuclear power has long plagued the centre-right in Sweden: the Centre Party opposes nuclear power, the Moderates and Christian Democrats support its continuing operation while the Liberals want to build more reactors. Some doubts were raised about the long-term survival of this compromise, as neither the Centre Party nor the Liberals have changed their fundamental positions on nuclear power. On 5 July 2006, during

132-541: A joint election manifesto. Each individual party still had its own manifesto and policies, but these would build up from common proposals in the Alliance's joint proposals. The Alliance had policy working groups for six areas: economic policy , education policy , foreign policy , the welfare state , employment and business policy, and policing . These were not set according to party size, but with one senior politician (often an MP) and one staff per party, and following

176-499: A maximum of 300 days, or 450 if the recipient has children. The parties had previously formed a centre-right minority coalition government in 1991 with the support of the right-wing populist party New Democracy . After the coalition was defeated in the 1994 election, the Centre-Right Parties coalition was dissolved but the centre-right opposition parties continued to work together. In 2004, the four parties which formed

220-524: A municipal assembly ( kommunfullmäktige ), consisting of 81 members, elected for four years. The municipal assembly meets in the Bourse , a building located on Gustaf Adolfs torg . There are nine political parties represented in the council elected in 2022: Socialdemokraterna Moderaterna Vänsterpartiet Sverigedemokraterna Demokraterna Miljöpartiet Liberalerna Kristdemokraterna Centerpartiet Feministiskt Initiativ After

264-544: A practice adopted by the largest and most urban municipalities Stockholm , Gothenburg and Malmö . Thirteen municipalities altogether, some of them including considerable rural areas, have made this choice, which is unofficial and has no effect on the administrative status of the municipality. The practice can, however, create some confusion as the term stad nowadays normally refers to a larger built-up area and not to an administrative entity. The municipalities in Sweden cover

308-416: The 1943 års kommunindelningskommitté ("Municipal subdivision commission of 1943") proposed that the number of rural municipalities should be drastically reduced. After years of preparations the first of the two nationwide municipal reforms of the 20th century was implemented in 1952. The number of rural municipalities was reduced from 2,281 to 816. The cities (by then 133) were not affected. Rather soon it

352-781: The 2018 municipal elections , neither traditional coalition of parties (the Alliance and the Red-Greens ) was able to obtain a majority in the municipal assembly. The newly formed Democrats party, whose primary campaign promise is to stop the construction of the West Link , obtained 14 seats in the assembly, making it the second-largest party. The Green Party and the Left Party announced on 6 November that they would draft their own municipal budget together, along with Feminist Initiative - thus abandoning their traditional cooperation with

396-573: The Alliance for Sweden, Swedish : Allians för Sverige ), was a centre-right liberal-conservative political alliance in Sweden . The Alliance consisted of the four centre-right political parties in the Riksdag . The Alliance was formed while in opposition , and later achieved a majority government in the 2006 general election and a minority government in the 2010 general election , governing Sweden from 2006 to 2014 with Fredrik Reinfeldt of

440-588: The Altamira in Northern Brazil (159,533 km ) are larger. (By comparison, the total area of the state of Lebanon is 10,452 km .) At any rate, several northern municipalities are larger than many counties in the more densely populated southern part of the country. The municipalities were earlier also divided into parishes , or församlingar . As these were subdivisions of the Church of Sweden ,

484-470: The Centre Party and Liberals agreed to tolerate the re-election as Prime Minister of Social Democratic incumbent Stefan Löfven . Moderate Party leader Ulf Kristersson and Christian Democrat leader Ebba Busch denounced the agreement, with Busch calling the Alliance "a closed chapter". The Alliance consisted of the four centre-right ( Swedish : borgerlig , lit. " bourgeois ") parties in

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528-463: The Gothenburg urban area ( Göteborgs tätort ) is situated within the municipality, but there are also some other localities as well as rural areas. In 1990 the municipality was subdivided into 21 stadsdelsnämnder (district boards), sometimes translated to boroughs , which they really are not. In 2009 the two district boards of Frölunda and Högsbo were joined. It has been decided that from

572-497: The Moderate Party serving as Prime Minister of Sweden until 2014. The Alliance was co-chaired by every component party's individual leaders. After defeat in the 2014 Swedish general election , the Moderate Party 's parliamentary group leader Anna Kinberg Batra announced to the Riksdag that the political alliance "would operate in opposition". On 11 January 2019, during the 2018–2019 Swedish government formation ,

616-479: The Stockholm municipality is partially based on its own, separate municipal government law. The first local government acts were implemented on 1 January 1863. There were two acts, one for the cities and one for the countryside. The total number of municipalities was about 2,500. The rural municipalities were based on the country-side civil parishes or administrative parishes ( socknar ), often formed in

660-569: The 2022 election it was clear that the governing Alliance could not rule any longer with them winning only 27 seats in the chamber. Soon after the election the Centre Party announced they were starting negotiations with the Social Democrats (S), Left Party (V) and the Green Party (MP) about forming a majority coalition that could rule the city for the next four years. These negotiations broke down but S, V and MP could still take

704-477: The Centre Party leader Maud Olofsson 's home in the village of Högfors in Westrobothnia , the four centre-right leaders at the time; Göran Hägglund (KD), Lars Leijonborg (L), Maud Olofsson (C) and Fredrik Reinfeldt (M) decided to form the political cooperation that would become The Alliance. The meeting ended on 31 August 2004 with the presentation of a joint declaration outlining the principles under which

748-500: The Liberals wanted to spend 1bn kronor extra on tertiary education and the Christian Democrats want to have more benefits and tax deductions for families. On 14 June 2006 Alliance for Sweden agreed on a common energy policy which would apply over the next parliamentary term (2006–2010), and included a promise not to shut down any more nuclear reactors during that period ( Barsebäck 2 was shut down in 2005). The proposal

792-543: The Middle Ages around a church. The municipality acts of 1862 formally separated the civil municipalities from the parishes, establishing the municipality assembly as the decision-making body of rural municipalities and the church assembly as the decision-making body of parishes. The then 89 cities/towns ( städer ) (the same word is used for both city and town in Swedish) were based on the old chartered cities. There

836-543: The Riksdag (Sweden's parliament ). The members were: Swedish politics had been dominated by the Social Democratic Party for over 70 years. They had been in government for all but nine years since 1932 (summer of 1936, 1976–1982, 1991–1994). The opposition parties decided that this was partly because they did not present a clear and viable alternative government. At a 2004 meeting held in

880-628: The Social Democrats. This has been recognized as the three parties forming a local political alliance which has been referred to as the Red-green-pink coalition . As a result of this the Alliance were able to take the power in Gothenburg for the first time in nearly 30 years. The municipal executive committee ( kommunstyrelsen ) has 13 members, representing the six parties from the two major political coalitions who have seats in

924-402: The amalgamation process too slow, and decided to speed it up by ending the voluntary aspect. In 1971 the unitary municipality ( kommun ) was introduced and the number of entities went down to 464; three years later it was 278. In one case ( Svedala Municipality ) the process was not accomplished until 1977. Most of the municipalities were soon consolidated, but in some cases the antagonism within

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968-646: The assembly. The chairwoman of the municipal assembly is Åse-Lill Törnquist (MP) and the chairman of the municipal executive committee (sometimes titled mayor ) is Jonas Attenius from the Social Democrats. The cooperation with the South African Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality (established in 1998) is a partnership fostering development of common fields of interest such as solid waste management, public libraries, sport and tourism. Gothenburg had signed an agreement with Shanghai in 1986 which

1012-448: The blocks should ultimately lead to amalgamations. The target year was 1971, when all municipalities should be of uniform type and all the remaining formal differences in government and privileges between cities and rural municipalities should be abolished. The amalgamations within the "blocks" started in 1965 and more were accomplished in 1967 and 1969, when the number of municipalities dropped from 1006 to 848. The Riksdag, however, found

1056-490: The budget total 42 billion Swedish kronor , of which the income tax deduction is 38.7 billion. Other changes include the ending of employers' co-financing of sickness benefit after the second week, reduction of unemployment benefits and considerably raised fees to unemployment funds, resulting in a substantial decline in union density and density of unemployment funds. Unemployment benefit would remain 80% of previous pay for 200 days then drop to 70%. Benefit would be payable for

1100-446: The city a unitary municipality, like all others in the country. The municipality prefers, however, to style itself Göteborgs stad ( City of Göteborg ), whenever legally possible. In March 2018 it was reported that the municipality and municipality-owned companies had 236 employees working with public relations (Swedish: kommunikation), more than Stockholm, to a cost of 400 000 SEK daily or 151 million SEK annually. The major part of

1144-407: The decisions of a local government to a county court . Municipal government in Sweden is similar to city commission government and cabinet-style council government . A legislative municipal assembly ( kommunfullmäktige ) of between 31 and 101 members (always an odd number) is elected from party-list proportional representation at municipal elections, held every four years in conjunction with

1188-579: The earlier 17th century division socknar , though the Swedish municipality reforms of 1862–63, 1952 and to some extent 1971, did perform some amalgamations and transferals of land (including populations) between municipalities. According to law, the municipalities are responsible for: Many municipalities in addition have services like leisure activities for youths and housing services to make them attractive in getting residents. Alliance (Sweden) The Alliance ( Swedish : Alliansen , from 2004-10

1232-617: The entire territory of the nation. Unlike the United States or Canada, there are no unincorporated areas . The municipalities in the north cover large areas of sparsely populated land. Kiruna , at 19,446 km , is sometimes held to be the world's largest "city" by area, although places like La Tuque, Quebec (28,421 km , official style Ville ), the City of Kalgoorlie-Boulder in Western Australia (95,575.1 km and

1276-524: The four parties intended to fight the election. A year later a similar meeting was held at Christian Democrat leader Göran Hägglund's home in Bankeryd , resulting in the affirmation of the alliance and another declaration. The centre-right Alliance for Sweden aimed to win a majority of seats in the 2006 Riksdag elections and to form a coalition government . In order to do this, the member parties decided to issue common policy statements and to draft

1320-410: The idea that "everybody contributes and everybody gains". An example of this policy cooperation was the budget proposal that the Alliance parties put forward on 2 October 2005. The core proposal was a tax cut of 49 billion Swedish kronor , which is 1.9% of GDP and 3.3% of the total income of the public sector in 2005. Each individual party also proposed its own policies in addition. For example,

1364-435: The national general elections. The assembly in turn appoints a municipal executive committee ( kommunstyrelse ) from its members. The executive committee is headed by its chairman, ( Swedish : kommunstyrelsens ordförande ). Swedish municipalities generally employ one or more politicians as Municipal Commissioners, ( Swedish : kommunalråd ) one of which is usually the chairman of the executive committee. The government of

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1408-422: The new unities was so strong that it led to "divorces". The total number of municipalities has today risen to 290. The question of whether a new municipality will be created is at the discretion of the central Swedish government . It is recommended that the lower limit of a new municipality shall be 5,000 inhabitants. Some municipalities still use the term "City" (Swedish: stad ) when referring to themselves,

1452-408: The politics week at Almedalen on Gotland , the Alliance parties announced a plan to abolish property tax . Their agreement promised to freeze taxable values at the current level (so that the revaluation that was being carried out would not apply), and to reduce the rate of tax on apartments from 0.5% to 0.4% of their taxable value. A ceiling of 5,000 kronor would also be imposed on the taxation of

1496-494: The power despite being a minority with only 40 out of 81 seats since C continues to refuse cooperation with the Sweden Democrats (SD). There were ten political parties represented in the council elected in 2018: Socialdemokraterna Demokraterna Moderaterna Vänsterpartiet Sverigedemokraterna Liberalerna Miljöpartiet Centerpartiet Kristdemokraterna Feministiskt Initiativ Following

1540-517: The proposals that were prominent in the Alliance's election campaign: both the job deduction in the income tax, which will also be larger for old people to encourage them to remain in the labour market, and the "fresh start jobs" with reduced payroll tax for companies employing people who have been unemployed for more than a year will come into effect from 1 January 2007. Tax reductions for companies hiring young people and for domestic services are to come into effect on 1 July. The tax reductions announced in

1584-487: The separation of church and state along with a shift in responsibility for the population registration in Sweden transferring to the Swedish Tax Agency led to a new formal subdivision called district. Districts have been in force since 2016. These districts correspond by and large to the previous parishes as they existed on 31 December 1999, without later amalgamations. Many of the districts still correspond to

1628-441: The start of 2011 many more will be joined leaving 10 new district boards. The boards carry responsibility for primary school , social, leisure, and cultural services within their respective areas. In the election of 1998 three boroughs ( Askim , Torslanda and Älvsborg ) held local referendums on forming their own municipalities, but their petitions were rejected by the government of Sweden . Boroughs: The municipality has

1672-550: The tax on land value and reducing the rate for apartments) is estimated to cost around 4-5 billion kronor. The financing of this was to be revealed in the Alliance's manifesto in August 2006. Alliance for Sweden released its election manifesto, entitled More people in work - more to share ( Swedish : Fler i arbete - mer att dela på ), on 23 August 2006. The result of the election was clear enough on election night for Moderate Party leader Fredrik Reinfeldt to declare himself

1716-428: The value of a house's plot. The parties also agreed on the abolition of the tax and its replacement with a municipal charge independent of the value of the property; this reform was planned to be carried out in 2008. Property tax is estimated to bring in 28.1 billion kronor in 2006, rising to 30.2bn in 2007 and 32.2bn in 2008 (as taxable values rise). The first stage of the Alliance's plan (freezing property values, capping

1760-426: The victor and for Göran Persson to announce his resignation as Prime Minister and as leader of the Social Democratic Party . The four centre-right parties of Alliance for Sweden formed a government with Fredrik Reinfeldt as Prime Minister, which was presented to the Riksdag on 6 October. Minister for Finance Anders Borg presented the government's first budget on 16 October 2006. The budget contains many of

1804-429: Was also a third type, köping or market town. The status of these was somewhere between the rural municipalities and the cities. There were only eight of them in 1863, rising to a peak of 96 in 1959. Up until 1930, when the total number of municipalities reached its peak (2,532 entities), there were more partitions than amalgamations. In 1943 more than 500 of Sweden's municipalities had fewer than 500 inhabitants, and

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1848-536: Was established that the reform of 1952 was not radical enough. A new commission, 1959 års indelningssakkunniga ("Subdivision experts of 1959") concluded that the next municipal reform should create new larger mixed rural/urban municipalities. The Riksdag decided in 1962 that the new reform should be implemented on a voluntary basis. The process started in January 1964, when all municipalities were grouped in 282 kommunblock ("municipal blocks"). The co-operation within

1892-465: Was that no more reactors were to be built, that the nuclear phase-out law would be repealed and that all forms of energy research would be legal and able to receive state grants (research on nuclear power is currently forbidden in Sweden). An Alliance government would also grant any applications to increase the output of the existing plants, provided that it would be safe to do so. This has been hailed as

1936-472: Was upgraded in 2003 to include exchanges in culture, economics, trade and sport. However, the agreement was allowed to lapse in 2020. Municipalities of Sweden The Local Government Act of 1991 specifies several responsibilities for the municipalities, and provides outlines for local government, such as the process for electing the municipal assembly . It also regulates a process ( laglighetsprövning , "legality trial") through which any citizen can appeal

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