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53-612: Götz Friedrich (4 August 1930 in Naumburg , Germany – 12 December 2000 in Berlin , Germany ) was a German opera and theatre director . He was a student and assistant of Walter Felsenstein at the Komische Oper Berlin in (East) Berlin, where he went on to direct his early productions. He first came to international prominence with a controversial 1972 production of Wagner's Tannhäuser at Bayreuth . He defected to

106-559: A 1974 film of Salome (with Teresa Stratas ) and a 1981 film of Elektra (with Leonie Rysanek and Astrid Varnay ), both conducted by Karl Böhm ; a 1979 Falstaff (with Gabriel Bacquier ) and a 1992 Die Frau ohne Schatten (with Cheryl Studer and Thomas Moser ), both conducted by Sir Georg Solti ; and a 1982 Bayreuth production of Lohengrin (with Peter Hofmann and Karan Armstrong ), conducted by Woldemar Nelsson . His "controversial" 1972 Bayreuth production of Tannhäuser (with Dame Gwyneth Jones as Elisabeth and Venus)

159-431: A saint. The Naumburg Master achieved a high degree of dramatic expressiveness and natural vibrancy. The Jews , for example, wear the typical hats, while Pilatus appears in a splendorous courtly garment, washing his hands off responsibility. The artist mastered a remarkable challenge concerning the usage of the limited space. In the representation of the last supper , he limited the number of disciples beside Christ in

212-561: A sensational Salome at the Opéra du Rhin , she enjoyed a career at major opera houses, appearing in several opera recordings and films. Armstrong was for decades a leading soprano at the Deutsche Oper Berlin , where her husband Götz Friedrich was director. She appeared in world premieres, including Gottfried von Einem 's Jesu Hochzeit , Luciano Berio's Un re in ascolto and York Höller's Der Meister und Margarita . She

265-1042: A singing actress. After winning the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions in 1966, she was given small roles at the Metropolitan Opera , and appeared in leading roles at the New York City Opera from 1969, including Conceptión in Ravel's L'heure espagnol , Blonde in Mozart's Die Entführung aus dem Serail , and the title roles in Verdi's La traviata , Offenbach's La belle Hélène and Puccini's La fanciulla del West . After she performed in Europe from 1974, first as Micaëla in Bizet's Carmen , and then as

318-763: A trade-fair centre from 1500 and the Thirty Years' War adversely affected the Naumburg economy. In 1561, the Naumburg Diet recognized the unaltered Augsburg Confession and is recognized as part of the pre-history of the Book of Concord . The ecclesiastical domain was secularised in middle of the 16th century and transferred to the Dukes of Saxony , who administered the district through a government endowment ( Stiftsregierung ) and later provided administrators. After

371-512: A while religious law was taught. At the same time there was an ecclesiastical proseminar . Here pupils, who were refused the Abitur at public schools during the SED regime, were able to attain an ecclesiastical qualification. Naumburg is twinned with: Karan Armstrong Karan Armstrong (December 14, 1941 – September 28, 2021) was an American operatic soprano , who was celebrated as

424-528: Is a vaulted, cruciform basilica in a bound system with a segregated crossing. The Late Romanesque structure of Naumburg Cathedral replaced the first, Early Romanesque cathedral, which had been consecrated around 1042. The new construction was initiated in 1242 under the patronage of the Princes of the Apostles – Peter and Paul . Naumburg Masters The workshop organization of sculptors and stonemasons,

477-407: Is also available on DVD, as are his Berlin productions of Die tote Stadt (with Armstrong, 1983) and Tristan und Isolde (with René Kollo and Jones, 1993). Friedrich was married to Ruth Maria Kubitschek , with whom he had a son, Alexander. From his marriage to soprano Karan Armstrong , he had another son, Johannes. Naumburg The first written record of Naumburg dates from 1012, when it

530-472: Is composed of a Romanesque core structure flanked by two Gothic choirs in the east and in the west. Naumburg Cathedral was one of the large double-choir cathedrals built in the transitional style between Late Romanesque and Early Gothic. The four towers form part of the Romanesque structure of the cathedral, even though parts of the upper floors and domes date from more recent style periods. The cathedral

583-1239: The Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow. She appeared in several operatic world premieres, including Gottfried von Einem 's Jesu Hochzeit  [ de ] (as Death), Giuseppe Sinopoli 's Lou Salomé , Luciano Berio's Un re in ascolto , York Höller's Der Meister und Margarita , Desdemona und ihre Schwestern by Siegfried Matthus , and Cosima , also by Matthus. She also performed in Douglas Moore's The Ballad of Baby Doe , Robert Ward's The Crucible , Carlisle Floyd's Susannah , Offenbach's Les contes d'Hoffmann (as Giulietta, opposite Norman Treigle ), Bartók's Bluebeard's Castle , Poulenc's La voix humaine , Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande , Berg's Wozzeck , Der Rosenkavalier by Richard Strauss, Les Troyens by Berlioz (as Cassandre), Korngold's Die tote Stadt , Wagner's Parsifal , Krenek's Karl V. , Schoenberg's Erwartung , Wagner's Die Walküre (as Sieglinde), Janáček's Katya Kabanova and The Makropulos Case , Marcel Landowski 's Montségur , Die Frau ohne Schatten (as

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636-708: The Domgymnasium and the Lepsiusgymnasium. After the fusion of both and the migration from the school site Seminarstraße in the year 2007, the Domgymnasium is now housed in the buildings of the former Lepsiusgymnasium. Since the incorporation of Bad Kösen, the town has a second gymnasium again, Pforta . Between 1948 and 1993 Naumburg possessed an ecclesiastical university with the name Katechistisches Oberseminar ( Catechetical advanced seminar ), where theology , philosophy , religious education and for

689-620: The Naumburg Master innovated architecture and sculpture of the Hohenstaufen period of the 13th century that were particularly developed at the cathedral in Reims. No written sources about the chief sculptor-architect of this workshop who was named after his main work in Naumburg. However, there is a general consensus with regard to the itinerary of the building workshop from Mainz via Naumburg to Meissen . An assumption relying on

742-555: The New York City Opera , and she made her first appearance with that company as the Reine de Chémakhâ in Rimsky-Korsakov's Le coq d'or (with Michael Devlin ) in 1969. She appeared at the theatre many times through 1977, singing such roles as Conceptión in Ravel's L'heure espagnol (with Kenneth Riegel ), Blonde in Mozart's Die Entführung aus dem Serail (with Patricia Brooks and later Beverly Sills as Konstanze), and

795-457: The Province of Saxony . It gained control over the cathedral and its close in 1832. In 1846 the city was connected to the rail line from Halle to Erfurt , in 1889 to Artern and eventually in 1900 to Teuchern . On 15 September 1892 a steam tramway opened in Naumburg. From 2 January 1907 the Naumburg tramway was electrified. Although industry was only weakly developed, a socialist club

848-711: The San Francisco Spring Opera the following year, as Elvira in Rossini's L'italiana in Algeri . In 1966, Armstrong won the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions , which led to her engagement by the house for small roles. She first appeared there on October 2, 1966, as one of the servants in Die Frau ohne Schatten by Richard Strauss, conducted by Karl Böhm , alongside Leonie Rysanek and Christa Ludwig . She continued to perform regularly at

901-738: The Via Regia and the Regensburg Road. The cathedral district (cathedral precincts, cathedral town) and the civil district as well as the immunities of the two monasteries coexisted for centuries and were visibly separated from each other by means of fortifications, forming districts subject to special rights. The relevant areas, subject to special rights held by the bishop and his cathedral chapter, included castles, towns, church institutions, villages, forums, but also fields, meadows and forests, and were enclosed by trenches, ramparts, walls, or fences. The oldest residential tower of Naumburg

954-607: The 13th century. The Haus zur Hohen Lilie (Markt 19) is a Romanesque secular building including a tower visible from the market square, the kitchen building to the west of the tower, the northern building bordering the tower and the Baroque building north of the northern building. Some parts of the medieval city fortifications survive, including one of the old city gates, the Marientor . The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche spent his childhood and his later years in Naumburg in

1007-597: The 1980s he directed a new production for the Deutsche Oper in Berlin (the so-called 'Time Tunnel' Ring ). Covent Garden later imported this production to replace a planned production by Yuri Lyubimov , which had been abandoned after Das Rheingold . Bernard Haitink conducted complete cycles of the second Friedrich Ring , in 1992. The production was also staged in Washington and Japan . In 1976 he directed

1060-614: The Färberin), Shostakovitch's Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk , Henze's The Bassarids , Beethoven's Fidelio , Hindemith's Mathis der Maler (as Ursula), Wagner's Tannhäuser (as Venus, with René Kollo in the title role) and Poulenc's Dialogues des Carmélites (as Mother Marie of the Incarnation). In 1985, Armstrong was named a Kammersängerin in Stuttgart; in 1994, she received the title in Berlin. Later roles included

1113-514: The Hussites in 1432. A teacher is said to have led his pupils outside the gates of the beleaguered city to beg the Hussite commander Andreas Prokop for mercy. The latter granted their request and gave the children cherries. The legend is commemorated in the song "Die Hussiten zogen vor Naumburg" (The Hussites marched on Naumburg) written by Karl Friedrich Seyferth in 1832. Naumburg is located on

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1166-768: The Met through the spring of 1969, in roles such as the Paggio in Verdi's Rigoletto (opposite Cornell MacNeil ), Annina in Verdi's La traviata (with Virginia Zeani in the title role), and the Dew Fairy in Humperdinck's Hänsel und Gretel (with Teresa Stratas as Gretel). She appeared as a guest at the Santa Fe Opera as Adina in Donizetti's L'elisir d'amore in 1968. Preferable contracts emanated from

1219-573: The Othmarsviertel and in the western part of today's town. There are no traces of the former Slav fortress of Wethau, which only survives in the name of the municipality of Wethau, where it is assumed to have been located. The early development of the town of Naumburg is closely connected with the Ekkehardine dynasty , Emperor Conrad II and Bishop Hildeward of Zeitz , who transferred the family seat from Kleinjena to their own estate at

1272-607: The St Moritz Monastery of the Augustinian Canons. When the Ekkehardine dynasty died out by 1046, the bishops became the rulers of the town. By that time, Naumburg had already developed into a political, economic and religious centre. The foundation of Naumburg with its merchant settlement had also caused the trade routes in the region to relocate, concentrating on Naumburg located at the crossing of

1325-695: The West whilst working on a production of Jenůfa in Stockholm later the same year. From 1972 to 1981 he was principal director at the Hamburg State Opera . Between 1977 and 1981, he was also director of productions at the Royal Opera House at Covent Garden in London , where he staged the first British performances of the three-act completion of Berg's Lulu . In 1981 he took up

1378-1214: The Widow Begbick in Weill's Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny at the Theater Erfurt , Mme Larine in Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin at the Deutsche Oper Berlin in a Friedrich production, the Old Lady in Bernstein's Candide at the Flanders Opera , the Queen of Hearts in Unsuk Chin's Alice in Wonderland in Geneva, and Cecily 'Cissy' Robson in Ronald Harwood 's play Quartet in Berlin. In 2015, she sang Geneviève in

1431-510: The analysis of historic sources is based on the idea that the milestones of his creative work are marked by the completion of the choir screen in Mainz in 1239, the west choir in Naumburg in 1249/50 and the work of the building workshop in Meissen from 1250 up until prior to 1268. Next to the plant ornaments, based on the thorough observation of nature and found in all three places, and next to

1484-659: The bishopric from Zeitz to Naumburg. Until 1568, during the Reformation, Naumburg was the seat of the bishops. The last Catholic bishop was Julius von Pflug . The foundation of the cathedral school is dated to 1030. Naumburg has been known as a town since 1144. Naumburg was a significant trading centre on the Via Regia in the Middle Ages, especially because of the Naumburg Trade Fairs, first known to have taken place in 1278. The emergence of Leipzig as

1537-466: The cathedral itself, the romanic residential tower next to the cathedral, the early gothic residential tower at the market square as well as the city wall. Naumburg, a bishop's seat and an important market place, was founded at the beginning of the 11th century. It was first mentioned in the records in the year 1012. Some settlements already existed in the immediate neighbourhood of the newly founded town, as evidenced by pottery found at Domberg Hill, in

1590-572: The central German route of the St. James pilgrims way to Santiago de Compostela , the so-called Camino de Santiago . It follows the old Via Regia which has been designated a Cultural Route of the Council of Europe in 2005. Another recognised cultural route is the German section of the international Transromanica (a Cultural Route of the Council of Europe since 2007). Naumburg had two grammar schools,

1643-660: The death of the last Protestant representative of the Saxe-Zeitz line in the year 1718. The Naumburg district reverted to the Dukes of Saxony in Dresden and became fully integrated into Albertine Saxony. However, it remained until 1815 the seat of its own administrative authority ( Consistory of the district of Naumburg-Zeitz). After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Naumburg was ceded to the Kingdom of Prussia , becoming part of

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1696-564: The first founders of the church that were mentioned in the call for donations from 1249 has proven to be an unsolvable undertaking, even after the meticulous examinations of the colouration of the statues during the restoration work. The prevalent opinion in art science is that the statues on the south side are Countess Gerburg and Count Conrad and those on the north side are Countess Berchta and Count Theodoric. Two founder couples are standing across from each other in clearly prominent positions: Ekkehard II, Margrave of Meissen , with his wife Uta in

1749-460: The fraternal agreement between the four brothers of John George I, Elector of Saxony , in 1657 the Naumburg district came into the possession of the secondogeniture of Saxe-Zeitz , which was inherited by Moritz, the youngest of the brothers. Before the Moritzburg castle was built in nearby Zeitz, the city castle in Naumburg served as the residence of this line. This period came to an end with

1802-526: The home of his mother's family. The house, known as the Nietzsche-Haus , is now a museum. The office of Oberbürgermeister (Lord Mayor) was held by Bernward Küper (CDU) between 2007 and 2021. In April 2021, Armin Müller (CDU) was elected Lord Mayor. Local industries include the manufacture of foodstuffs, textiles, machinery and toys. Naumburg is in a wine-growing region, with numerous vineyards in

1855-872: The many matching architectural details, identical stonemason's marks recently found in Iben, Naumburg and Meissen support the evidence. The migration of the building workshop of the Naumburg Master, from Northern France over the Middle Rhine area up to the eastern boundaries of the German Empire and further on to southwestern Europe, reflects the extensive European cultural exchange during the High Middle Ages . Choir screens This mural choir screen type combines high artistic architecture, ornamentation and figural sculptures. The plant décor of

1908-409: The middle and the clearly isolated betrayer Judas to four. The monumental multi-coloured crucifixion group in the central portal of the choir screen shows in an impressive manner the immeasurable suffering of Christ and the deep and obvious grief of Mary and John. Gothic west choir The Early Gothic west choir is a hall choir and was built with an elevated gallery. On the level of the gallery,

1961-445: The new castle in Naumburg (Nuenburch) around 1028. In 1030, Naumburg appears in the sources with the addition ″civitas″. Encouraged by a privilege granted by Emperor Conrad II in 1033 the merchants of Kleinjena also moved to Naumburg, being guaranteed free trade and the heritable, interest-free ownership of their enclosed domicile. Ekkehard II and Hermann also established two monasteries: The Benedictine Monastery of St George and

2014-436: The north and his older brother, Margrave Hermann, with his wife Reglindis in the south. Only the sculpture of Uta has experienced an unparalleled cult, fostered considerably by the photographs of Walter Hege in the early 20th century. The layout of both the bishop 's district and the old town, still intact to this day, were both created between the 11th and 13th centuries. They feature a number of high medieval monuments like

2067-408: The people honoured with the sculptures had already been dead for 150 to 200 years at the time of creation, they are shown wearing contemporary courtly garments from the middle of the 13th century. The faces are individual and express inner emotions. The figures interact with the beholder and apparently with each other through looks and gestures. The attempt to relate the sculptures of the founders to

2120-403: The post of general director of the Deutsche Oper Berlin where he stayed until his death in 2000, staging productions across the whole of the operatic repertoire. He was particularly known for his productions of Wagner. He staged his first production of the Ring at Covent Garden (1973–76, conducted by Colin Davis ). The designs by Josef Svoboda centred on a revolving hydraulic platform. In

2173-442: The preserved sculptural ensembles from the 13th century throughout Europe. It shows the last supper , the payment of the pieces of silver, the capture, Peter's denial, two guards, the reading of Christ's sentence, the flagellation and the carrying of the cross. An important theme of the cycle is the juxtaposition of Judas and Peter; Judas, the sinner who was desperate and damned; Peter, the sinner who believed in forgiveness and became

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2226-418: The surrounding area. SC Naumburg was a former football club in the city from September 1899 to 1908. Every year on the last weekend in June, when the cherries are ripe, the city of Naumburg celebrates the Hussite Cherry Festival. This festival has a long tradition and dates back to at least the 16th century. Since the 17th century the celebrations have been connected with the legendary siege of Naumburg by

2279-408: The ten pillars supporting the vault merge with the life-sized sculptures of the founders. The twelve statues of the founders of Naumburg Cathedral rank among the most outstanding creations of European medieval sculpting. The nearly portrait-like representation of aristocratic men and women of the Thuringian-Saxon nobility is an unparalleled appreciation of the first founders of the church. Even though

2332-691: The title role in Puccini's Tosca at La Fenice in Venice, and Elsa in the 1979 Bayreuth Festival 's Lohengrin , alongside Peter Hofmann in the title role, directed by her future husband, Götz Friedrich , in a performance which was later recorded and filmed. She appeared in Berlin and helped shape the Deutsche Oper Berlin for almost four decades in over 400 evenings and 24 different roles. She gave her roles psychological credibility, often in productions with her husband as director. She performed also in Vienna, Paris, at The Royal Opera House (as Berg's Lulu , which Robert Craft described as "accurately sung and perfectly enacted" ), Los Angeles , and at

2385-407: The title roles in La traviata , Offenbach's La belle Hélène and Puccini's La fanciulla del West , among others. In 1974, she first appeared in Europe, as Micaëla in Bizet's Carmen at the Opéra du Rhin in Strasbourg . The following year, she created a sensation with her performance as Salome by Richard Strauss at the same theatre. Further performances in Europe followed, including

2438-430: The town itself belong the quarters of Almrich (formerly Altenburg), Grochlitz , Henne and Weinberge . In addition, the borough of Naumburg consists of the following villages: Naumburg has a mild climate with warm summers and cool winters that is relatively dry for German standards. Population levels: 1: 29. October 2: 31. August 3: 30. June Naumburg Cathedral is a UNESCO world heritage site. The cathedral

2491-422: The west choir, due to its exceptional accuracy and the great variety of shapes to be seen on the capitals, friezes and corbels (corydalis, mugwort, hazel and vine), softens the sharpness and blocky features of the partition architecture and emphasises the organic character of the architecture. The relief frieze is one of the most sophisticated and formally most perfected arrangement of the Passion of Christ among

2544-417: The world première of Josef Tal 's Die Versuchung ( The Temptation ) in Munich . He directed the world premières of Luciano Berio 's Un re in ascolto , Ingvar Lidholm 's "Ett Drömspel" and Henze 's Raft of the Medusa . He was the initiator of The American Berlin Opera Foundation (ABOF, now named The Opera Foundation ), located in New York City . Among his productions available on DVD are

2597-588: Was also a garrison town for the Soviet Air Force. Unofficial estimates are that the number of Soviet military personnel approximately equalled that of the local population. The fall of communism in 1989 was accompanied by demonstrations and gatherings in the churches of the city. Naumburg lies in the south of Saxony-Anhalt at the confluence of the Unstrut and the Saale near the border with Thuringia , approximately 60 km (37 mi) southwest of Leipzig , 50 km (31 mi) south-southwest of Halle , and 40 km (25 mi) north-northeast of Jena . To

2650-429: Was awarded the title Kammersängerin twice. Armstrong was born in Havre, Montana . Originally trained as a pianist, she graduated with a Bachelor of Music degree from Concordia College in 1963. She later studied with Lotte Lehmann in Santa Barbara, California . She made her operatic debut in 1965 with a secondary company in San Francisco, as Musetta in Puccini's La bohème . She made her first appearance with

2703-400: Was built probably in the mid-12th century at the cathedral precincts, at the curia episcopalis, Domplatz 1. It exhibits the same dimensions as the residential tower of the Haus zur Hohen Lilie and has two Romanesque floors. Another residential tower used to be located on the south side of the west choir of Naumburg Cathedral. It had to give way to the new west choir built in the second quarter of

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2756-439: Was founded in 1848. During the 1920 Kapp Putsch five workers were killed. The establishment of the local Communist Party followed in December 1920. From 1933-1945, Jewish residents of Naumberg were systematically rounded up and killed. There is a memorial plaques displaying their names. Under the German Democratic Republic Naumburg was a centre of mechanical engineering, pharmaceuticals, metal-working and footwear manufacture. It

2809-404: Was mentioned as the new castle of the Ekkehardinger , the Margrave of Meissen. It was founded at the crossing of two trade-routes, Via Regia and the Regensburg Road. The successful foundation not long beforehand of a Propstei Church on the site of the later Naumburg Cathedral was mentioned in the Merseburg Bishops' Chronicles in 1021. In 1028 Pope John XIX gave his approval for the transfer of

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