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64-590: The Görres Society was founded on 25 January 1876 in Koblenz by Catholic scientists and writers as the Görres-Gesellschaft zur Pflege der katholischen Wissenschaften (Görres Society for the Cultivation of Catholic Sciences) in honour of Joseph Görres to advance Roman Catholic studies. Co-founder, initiator and first president was Georg von Hertling , the later Reich chancellor of Germany. It

128-589: A large bridge built in 49 AD by the Romans are still visible. The Romans built two forts as protection for the bridge, one in 9 AD and another in the 2nd century, the latter being destroyed by the Franks in 259. North of Koblenz was a temple of Mercury and Rosmerta (a Gallo-Roman deity), which remained in use up to the 5th century. With the fall of the Western Roman Empire , the city was conquered by

192-526: A new one. In 1953, Bundespräsident Theodor Heuss rededicated the monument to German unity , adding the signs of the remaining western federal states as well as the ones of the lost areas in the East. A Flag of Germany has flown there since. The Saarland was added four years later after the population had voted to join Germany. In the 1980s, a film clip of the monument was often shown on late night TV when

256-569: A popular hub of royalist émigrés and escaping feudal lords who had fled France. It was sometime in mid-1791, after June but before October, that supporters of loyalty in Koblenz (as well as Worms and Brussels ) were preparing an invasion of France that was to be supported by foreign armies, with conspirators regularly travel between Koblenz and Tuileries Palace , accepting encouragement and money from King Louis XVI , while secret committees were collecting arms and enrolling men and officers. Among

320-540: Is twinned with: The children's toy yo-yo was nicknamed de Coblenz (Koblenz) in 18th-century France, referring to the large number of noble French émigrées then living in the city. The arrow of virtue (Tugendpfeil) is a large gold or silver hairpin from the female headdress of Koblenz and the left bank of the Rhine until the beginning of the 20th century. It was traditionally worn by young Catholic girls between puberty and marriage. Lotharingia Lotharingia

384-547: Is a Baroque edifice by J.C. Sebastiani (1694–1698) serves as the current City Hall. Near Koblenz is the Lahneck Castle near Lahnstein, open to visitors from 1 April to 31 October. The city is close to the Bronze Age earthworks at Goloring , a possible Urnfield calendar constructed some 3,000 years ago. The mild climate allows fig trees , olive trees , palm trees and other Mediterranean plants to grow in

448-735: Is a German city on the banks of the Rhine ( Middle Rhine ) and the Moselle , a multinational tributary. Koblenz was established as a Roman military post by Drusus c.  8 BC . Its name originates from the Latin (ad) cōnfluentēs , meaning "(at the) confluence ". The actual confluence is today known as the " German Corner ", a symbol of the unification of Germany that features an equestrian statue of Emperor William I . The city celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1992. It ranks in population behind Mainz and Ludwigshafen am Rhein to be

512-751: Is also on various federal highways 9 , 42 , 49 , 416 , 258 and 327 . The Glockenberg Tunnel connects the Pfaffendorf Bridge to the B ;42. The following bridges cross: Koblenz Hbf is an Intercity-Express stop on the West Rhine Railway between Bonn and Mainz and is also served by trains on the East Rhine Railway Wiesbaden – Cologne . Koblenz is the beginning of the Moselle line to Trier (and connecting to Luxemburg and Saarbrücken ) and

576-509: The Duke of Brunswick , who commanded one of the invading armies, composed of 70,000 Prussians and 68,000 Austrians, Hessians and émigrés, began to march upon Koblenz. He published a manifesto in which he threatened to set fire to the towns that dared to defend themselves, and to exterminate their inhabitants as rebels, including Koblenz. The city's fate was at hand. But, just as in World War 1,

640-456: The Lahntal railway to Limburg and Gießen . The other stations in Koblenz are Koblenz-Ehrenbreitstein , Koblenz-Güls, Koblenz-Lützel , Koblenz-Moselweiß and Koblenz Stadtmitte , which opened on 14 April 2011. The campus of University of Koblenz is located in the city. The Koblenz University of Applied Sciences ( German : Hochschule Koblenz ) is also located in the city. Koblenz

704-572: The Lahntal railway , part of the Berlin railway referred to above. The Moselle is spanned by a Gothic freestone bridge of 14 arches, erected in 1344, two modern road bridges and also by two railway bridges. Since 1890, the city has consisted of the Altstadt (old city) and the Neustadt (new city) or Klemenstadt. Of these, the Altstadt is closely built and has only a few fine streets and squares, while

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768-666: The Treaty of Ribemont . In November 887, Arnulf of Carinthia called a council of East Frankish nobility to depose emperor Charles the Fat , who by 884 had succeeded to the thrones of all the kingdoms of the Empire. The Lotharingian aristocracy, in an attempt to assert its right to elect a sovereign, joined the other East Frankish nobles in deposing Charles the Fat in 887 and elected Arnulf as their king. The rule of Arnulf in East Francia

832-547: The (re) foundation of the German Empire and the German refusal of any French claims to the area, as described in the song " Die Wacht am Rhein " together with the "Wacht am Rhein" called " Niederwalddenkmal " some 60 kilometers (37 miles) upstream. During World War II, the statue was destroyed by US artillery. The French occupation administration intended the complete destruction of the monument and wanted to replace it with

896-894: The 17th century, it has been home to the Königsbacher (now Koblenzer) brewery (the Old Brewery in Koblenz's historic center, and now a plant in Koblenz-Stolzenfels). It is an important regional transit hub. The headquarters of the German Army Forces Command was located in the city until 2012. Its successor, the German Army Command (German: Kommando Heer, Kdo H) is based at the von-Hardenberg-Kaserne in Strausberg, Brandenburg. The Bundeswehr's Joint Medical Service Headquarters

960-557: The Franks and became a royal seat. After the division of Charlemagne 's empire, it was included in the lands of his son Louis the Pious (814). In 837, it was assigned to Charles the Bald , and a few years later it was here that Carolingian heirs discussed what was to become the Treaty of Verdun (843), by which the city became part of Lotharingia under Lothair I . In 860 and 922, Koblenz

1024-409: The German and West Francia Charles the Bald (who wanted to rule the whole of Lotharingia) agreed to divide Lotharingia between them with the 870 Treaty of Meerssen - the western half went to West Francia and the eastern half to East Francia. Thus, Lotharingia, as a united kingdom, ceased to exist for some years. In 876, Charles the Bald invaded eastern Lotharingia with the intent to capture it, but

1088-475: The Great and Herbert II, Count of Vermandois at Attigny in 942. The weak Louis IV had no choice but to agree to Otto's continued suzerainty over Lotharingia. In 944, West Francia invaded Lotharingia, but retreated after Otto I responded with mobilization of a large army under Herman I, Duke of Swabia . In 953, Duke Conrad rebelled against Otto I, and was removed from power and replaced by Otto's brother Bruno

1152-409: The Great , who finally pacified Lotharingia in 959 by dividing it into Lotharingia superior (Upper Lorraine or Southern Lorraine) under Frederick I , and Lotharingia inferior (Lower Lotharingia, Lower Lorraine or Northern Lotharingia) under Godfrey I . In 978, king Lothair of West Francia invaded the region and captured Aachen , but Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor , counterattacked and reached

1216-706: The Latin term. In 817, Emperor Louis the Pious made plans for division of the Carolingian Empire among his three sons after his death. Unforeseen in 817 was a further heir besides Louis's three grown sons. A fourth son, Charles the Bald , was born to Louis's second wife Judith of Bavaria in 823. When Louis tried in 833 to re-divide the empire for the benefit of Charles, he met with opposition from his adult sons, Lothair , Pepin , and Louis . A decade of civil war and fluctuating alliances followed, punctuated by brief periods of peace. Pepin died in 838, and Louis

1280-462: The Neustadt possesses numerous broad streets and a handsome frontage along the Rhine. In the more ancient part of Koblenz stand several buildings which have a historical interest. Prominent among these, near the point of confluence of the rivers, is the Basilica of St. Castor or Kastorkirche , dedicated to Castor of Karden , with four towers. The church was founded in 836 by Louis the Pious , but

1344-601: The Pious in 840. The remaining three brothers made peace and divided the Empire with the 843 Treaty of Verdun . Lothair, as the eldest, kept the imperial title and received a long strip of territories stretching from the North Sea to southern Italy. The logic of the division was that Lothair had the crown of the Kingdom of Italy , which had been his subkingdom under Louis the Pious , and that as emperor he should rule in Aachen ,

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1408-545: The West Franks, since their king Rudolph was weak and would interfere less in local affairs. In 939, Henry's son and successor, Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor , invaded Lotharingia, and at the Battle of Andernach defeated Gilbert who drowned trying to flee across the Rhine. The dukes of Lotharingia were thereafter royal appointees. Henry I, Duke of Bavaria was duke for two years, followed in 941 by duke Otto , who, in 944,

1472-635: The anti- sans-culottes , pro-England merchants. Due to their experience in the French Revolution, Peter Kropotkin had termed the phrase Koblenzian to describe the type of royalist émigrés that lived in Koblenz. The city was a member of the league of the Rhenish cities which rose in the 13th century. The Teutonic Knights founded the Bailiwick of Koblenz in or around 1231. Koblenz attained great prosperity and it continued to advance until

1536-544: The area. In the modern part of the city lies the palace ( Residenzschloss ), with one front looking towards the Rhine, the other into the Neustadt. It was built in 1778–1786 by Clemens Wenceslaus , the last elector of Trier, following a design by the French architect P.M. d'Ixnard. In 1833, the palace was used as a barracks, and became a terminal post for the optical telecommunications system that originated in Potsdam. Today,

1600-604: The capital of the first Carolingian emperor, Charlemagne , and in Rome , the ancient capital of emperors. Middle Francia (Latin Francia media ) thus included all the land between Aachen and Rome, and it has sometimes been called by historians the "Lotharingian axis". In 855, when Lothair I was dying in Prüm Abbey , he divided his kingdom among his three sons with the Treaty of Prüm . To the eldest son, Louis II , went Italy, with

1664-564: The city at the Autobahnkreuz Koblenz has been in operation since 19 September 2012. The international headquarters of Canyon Bicycles GmbH is also in Koblenz which is where it began in 1985. To the west of the town is the autobahn A 61 , connecting Ludwigshafen and Mönchengladbach, to the north is the east–west running A 48 , connecting the A ;1 , Saarbrücken-Cologne, with the A 3 , Frankfurt-Cologne. The city

1728-539: The city of Koblenz was saved. In 1793, the uprising of Catholic peasants at the Vendée aimed at the overthrow of the National Assembly , which began only after emissaries from Koblenz traveled there, bringing papal bulls , royal decrees and gold. In escaping the watchful eye of French revolutionary forces, these emissaries were aided and protected by the middle classes, the ex-slave-traders of Nantes , and

1792-637: The city, too, is the Liebfrauenkirche , a fine church (nave 1250, choir 1404–1431) with lofty late Romanesque towers; the castle of the electors of Trier , erected in 1280, which now contains the municipal picture gallery; and the family house of the Metternichs, where Prince Metternich , the Austrian statesman, was born in 1773. Also notable is the church of St. Florian, with a two towers façade from c.  1110 . The former Jesuit College

1856-437: The confluence of the Rhine and Mosel, which became known as German Corner ( Deutsches Eck ). In 1897, a monument to German Emperor William I of Germany , mounted on a 14-meter-tall (46 ft) horse, was inaugurated there by his grandson Wilhelm II . The architect was Bruno Schmitz , who was responsible for a number of nationalistic German monuments and memorials. The German Corner is since associated with this monument,

1920-519: The disaster of the Thirty Years' War brought about a rapid decline. After Philip Christopher, elector of Trier , surrendered Ehrenbreitstein to the French, the city received an imperial garrison in 1632. However, this force was soon expelled by the Swedes, who in their turn handed the city over again to the French. Imperial forces finally succeeded in retaking it by storm in 1636. In 1688, Koblenz

1984-574: The eastern German Kingdom, later the Holy Roman Empire . In 1018, the city was given by the emperor Henry II to the archbishop-elector of Trier after receiving a charter. It remained in the possession of his successors until the end of the 18th century, having been their main residence since the 17th century. Emperor Conrad II was elected here in 1138. In 1198, the battle between Philip of Swabia and Otto IV took place nearby. In 1216, prince-bishop Theoderich von Wied donated part of

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2048-581: The elector's former palace is a museum. Among other exhibits, it contains some Gobelin tapestries. From it some gardens and promenades (Kaiserin Augusta Anlagen) stretch along the bank of the Rhine, and in them is a memorial to the poet Max von Schenkendorf . A statue to the empress Augusta, whose favorite residence was Koblenz, stands in the Luisenplatz. The Teutonic Knights were given an area for their Deutschherrenhaus Bailiwick right at

2112-565: The extension and improvement of the city, turning the Ehrenbreitstein into a magnificent baroque palace. After the fall of the Bastille in 1789, the city became, through the invitation of the archbishop-elector's chief minister, Ferdinand Freiherr von Duminique, one of the principal rendezvous points for French émigrés . The archbishop-elector approved of this because he was the uncle of the persecuted king of France, Louis XVI . Among

2176-573: The first historic spelling indicates, in German orthography, Latscho Kowelenz. Around 1000 BC, early fortifications were erected on the Festung Ehrenbreitstein hill on the opposite side of the Rhine. In 55 BC, Roman troops commanded by Julius Caesar reached the Rhine and built a bridge between Koblenz and Andernach . About 9 BC, the Castellum apud Confluentes , was one of the military posts established by Drusus . Remains of

2240-473: The flag was replaced by a copy of the statue, donated by a local couple. The day chosen for the reinstatement of the statue, however, caused controversy as it coincided with Sedantag (Sedan Day) (September 2, 1870) a day of celebration remembering Germany's victory over France in the Battle of Sedan. The event was widely celebrated from the 1870s until the 1910s. Formerly separate villages now incorporated into

2304-669: The former walls at the junction of the Cologne-Mainz railway and the strategic Metz-Berlin line . In April 2011 Koblenz-Stadtmitte station was opened in the inner city to coincide with the opening of the Federal Garden Show 2011 . The Rhine is crossed by the Pfaffendorf Bridge , originally the location of a rail bridge, but now a road bridge and, a mile south of city, by the Horchheim Railway Bridge , consisting of two wide and lofty spans carrying

2368-411: The hills encircling the city to the west, and the citadel of Ehrenbreitstein on the opposite bank of the Rhine. The old city was triangular in shape, two sides being bounded by the Rhine and Mosel and the third by a line of fortifications. The latter were razed in 1890, and the city was permitted to expand in this direction. The Koblenz Hauptbahnhof (central station) was built on a spacious site outside

2432-448: The imperial title. To the youngest, Charles , still a minor, went Provence . To the middle son, Lothair II , went the remaining territories to the north of Provence, a kingdom which lacked ethnic or linguistic unity. Lothair II ruled from Aachen and did not venture outside his kingdom. When he died in 869, Lothair II left no legitimate children, but one illegitimate son - Hugh, Duke of Alsace . His uncles, king of East Francia Louis

2496-469: The jurisdiction of the city of Koblenz Koblenz is a principal seat of the Mosel and Rhenish wine trade, and also does a large business in the export of mineral waters. Its manufactures include automotive parts (braking systems – TRW Automotive , gas springs and hydraulic vibration dampers – Stabilus ), aluminum coils ( Aleris International, Inc. ), pianos, paper, cardboard, machinery, boats, and barges. Since

2560-566: The king of Lotharingia who ruled semi-independently until he was overthrown and killed by Reginar on August 13, 900. The kingdom then ceased to exist and became a duchy. The young king of East Francia Louis the Child appointed Gebhard to be the duke of Lotharingia in 903. His title was recorded in contemporary Latin as dux regni quod a multis Hlotharii dicitur : "duke of the kingdom that many call Lothair's". He died in 910 fighting Hungarian invaders . When non-Carolingian Conrad I of Germany

2624-671: The kingdom of Middle Francia, which itself was formed after the threefold division of the Carolingian Empire by the Treaty of Verdun of 843. Conflict between East and West Francia over Lotharingia was based on the fact that these were the old Frankish homelands of Austrasia , so possession of them was a matter of great prestige as true claimant of Frankish imperial legacy. Lotharingia was known as regnum quondam Lotharii or regnum Lotharii ("kingdom [once] Lothair's") and its inhabitants Lotharii (from Lotharius ), Lotharienses (from Lothariensis ), or Lotharingi (which gives

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2688-612: The lands of the basilica and the hospital to the Teutonic Knights , which later became the Deutsches Eck . In 1249–1254, Koblenz was given new walls by Archbishop Arnold II of Isenburg ; and it was partly to overawe the turbulent citizens that successive archbishops built and strengthened the fortress of Ehrenbreitstein that still dominates the city. When the French Revolution broke out, Koblenz became

2752-668: The many royalist French refugees who flooded into the city were Louis XVI 's two younger brothers, the Comte de Provence and the Comte d'Artois . In addition, Louis XVI 's cousin, Prince Louis Joseph de Bourbon, prince de Condé , arrived and formed an army of young aristocrats willing to fight the French Revolution and restore the Ancien Régime . The Army of Condé joined with an allied army of Prussian and Austrian soldiers led by Duke Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand of Brunswick in an unsuccessful invasion of France in 1792. This drew down

2816-470: The modern Dutch, German, and Luxembourgish names for the province Lotharingen, Lothringen, and Lothringen respectively). The latter term, formed with the Germanic suffix -ing , indicating ancestral or familial relationships, gave rise to the Latin term Lotharingia (from the Latin suffix -ia , indicating a country) in the 10th century. Later French terms such as "Lorraine" and "Lothier" are derived from

2880-429: The national anthem was played to mark the end of the day, a practice which was discontinued when nonstop broadcasting became common. On October 3, 1990, the very day the former GDR states joined, their signs were added to the monument. As German unity was considered complete and the areas under Polish administration were ceded to Poland, the monument lost its official active purpose, now only reminding of history. In 1993,

2944-616: The notable émigrés living at Koblenz were Charles, Count of Artois , (future Charles X ), ex-minister Charles Alexandre de Calonne , and Louis, Count of Provence (future Louis XVIII ). Officers and men were recruited through the Gazette de Paris (sixty livres for each recruit), and the enrolled men were then sent to Metz and afterwards to Koblenz, and in a visit by Claude Allier to Koblenz in January 1792, he stated that 60,000 men were armed and ready to take action. On July 26, 1792,

3008-526: The present Romanesque building was completed in 1208, the Gothic vaulted roof dating from 1498. In front of the church of Saint Castor stands a fountain, erected by the French in 1812, with an inscription to commemorate Napoleon's invasion of Russia. Not long after, Russian troops occupied Koblenz; and St. Priest, their commander, added in irony these words: "Vu et approuvé par nous, Commandant russe de la Ville de Coblence: Janvier 1er, 1814." In this quarter of

3072-473: The third-largest city in Rhineland-Palatinate . Its usual-residents' population is 112,000 (as of 2015 ). Koblenz lies in a narrow flood plain between high hill ranges, some reaching mountainous height, and is served by an express rail and autobahn network. It is part of the populous Rhineland . Historic spellings include Covelenz , Coblenz , and Cobelenz . In local dialect the name is as

3136-564: The title Duke of Lothier (derived from "Lotharingia"). With the disappearance of a "lower" Lorraine, the duchy of Upper Lorraine became the primary referent for "Lorraine" within the Holy Roman Empire . After centuries of French invasions and occupations, Lorraine was finally ceded to France at the close of the War of the Polish Succession (1737). In 1766, the duchy was inherited by the French crown and became Lorraine . In 1871, after

3200-504: The torrential rains and difficult conditions of the Argonne forest halted the invaders, the roads "were liquid mud," and supplies began to run out due to weather impacting supply lines. The radical revolutionary Georges Danton negotiated with the Duke of Brunswick, under unknown conditions, for his retreat, which was carried out through Grand-Pré and Verdun , then across the Rhine , and

3264-542: The walls of Paris. In 980, Lothair renounced his rights to Lotharingia. Except for one brief period (1033–44, under Gothelo I ), the division was never reversed and the margraves soon raised their separate fiefs into duchies. In the twelfth century the ducal authority in Lower Lotharingia (or Lower Lorraine) fragmented, causing the formation of the Duchy of Limburg and the Duchy of Brabant , whose rulers retained

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3328-630: The wrath of the First French Republic on the archbishop-elector; in 1794, Koblenz was taken by the French Revolutionary army under Marceau (who was killed during the siege), and, after the signing of the Treaty of Lunéville (1801) it was made the capital of the new French department of Rhin-et-Moselle . In 1814, it was occupied by the Russians . The Congress of Vienna assigned the city to Prussia , and in 1822, it

3392-483: Was a medieval successor kingdom of the Carolingian Empire . It comprised present-day Lorraine (France), Luxembourg , Saarland (Germany), Netherlands , most of Belgium , and Germany west of the Rhine . It was named after King Lothair II , who received this territory as his share of the Kingdom of Middle Francia which his father, Lothair I , had held. Lotharingia resulted from the tripartite division in 855 of

3456-430: Was besieged by the French under Marshal de Boufflers , but they only succeeded in bombing the Old City ( Altstadt ) into ruins, destroying among other buildings the Old Merchants' Hall ( Kaufhaus ), which was restored in its present form in 1725. The city was the residence of the archbishop-electors of Trier from 1690 to 1801. In 1786, the last archbishop-elector of Trier, Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony , greatly assisted

3520-488: Was captured and imprisoned by Heribert II of Vermandois until his death in 929. In 923, king Henry the Fowler of East Francia used this opportunity and invaded Lotharingia (including Alsace ). In 925, Lotharingians under Gilbert elected Henry the Fowler to be their king. In 930, Gilbert's loyalty was rewarded and he received the prestigious hand of Henry's daughter Gerberga in marriage. On Henry's death in 936, Gilbert rebelled and tried to swap Lotharingian allegiance to

3584-437: Was defeated near Andernach by Louis's son, Louis the Younger . In 879, Louis the Younger was invited by a faction of the West Frankish nobility to succeed king Louis the Stammerer , Charles's son, on the throne of West Francia. After a brief war, Louis the Stammerer's young sons, Carloman II and Louis III , ceded western Lotharingia to Louis. The border between the two kingdoms was established at Saint-Quentin in 880 by

3648-401: Was dissolved by the Nazis in 1941, and founded anew in 1948 in Cologne . This article about an organisation based in Germany is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Koblenz Koblenz ( UK : / k oʊ ˈ b l ɛ n t s / koh- BLENTS , US : / ˈ k oʊ b l ɛ n t s / KOH -blents , German: [ˈkoːblɛnts] )

3712-504: Was elected king of East Francia in 911, Lotharingian nobles under the new duke Reginar voted to attach their duchy to West Francia, still ruled by the Carolingian dynasty. In 915, Charles the Simple rewarded him by granting him the title of margrave . Reginar was succeeded by his son Gilbert who used the title dux Lotharingiae : "duke of Lotharingia". When the West Franks deposed Charles in 922, he remained king in Lotharingia, from where he attempted to reconquer his kingdom in 923. He

3776-420: Was followed by Conrad . Lotharingia was turned into a junior stem duchy whose dukes had a vote in royal elections. While the other stem duchies had tribal or historic identities, Lotharingia's identity was solely political. King Louis IV of West Francia tried to maintain a claim to Lotharingia by marrying Gilbert's widow and Otto's sister Gerberga. In his turn, Otto I accepted homage from West Francia's Hugh

3840-456: Was formed in 2012 as part of a larger reorganization of the Bundeswehr. It is based at the Falckenstein-Barracks (Falckenstein-Kaserne) and the Rhine-Barracks (Rhein-Kaserne) in Koblenz. It is the high command of the German Army Joint Medical Service. The Headquarters is also the Staff of the Inspector of the Joint Medical Service, Generaloberstabsarzt Dr. Ulrich Baumgaertner. An Amazon logistics hub located some 15 kilometers (9 miles) outside

3904-451: Was heavily bombed and rebuilt afterwards. From 16 – 19 March 1945, it was the scene of heavy fighting by the U.S. 87th Infantry Division in support of Operation Lumberjack . Between 1947 and 1950, it served as the seat of government of Rhineland-Palatinate . The Rhine Gorge was declared a World Heritage Site in 2002, with Koblenz marking the northern end. Its defensive works are extensive, and consist of strong forts crowning

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3968-467: Was initially opposed by Guy III of Spoleto , who became king of Italy, and by Rudolph I of Burgundy , who was elected king in the southern half of former Middle Francia - Upper Burgundy . Rudolph had intended to make himself king over the whole of Lothair II's former kingdom, but had to be content with Burgundia. Arnulf defeated the Vikings in 891 and dislodged them from their settlements at Louvain. In 895, he appointed his illegitimate son Zwentibold as

4032-428: Was made the seat of government for the Prussian Rhine Province . After World War I , France occupied the area once again. The city was the center of the American occupation force from 1919 - 1923. In defiance of the French, the German populace of the city insisted on using the more German spelling of Koblenz after 1926. During World War II it hosted the command of German Army Group B and, like many counterparts,

4096-438: Was the scene of ecclesiastical synods. At the first synod, held in the Liebfrauenkirche, the reconciliation of Louis the German with his half-brother Charles the Bald took place. In the second, slavery was condemned, specifically it was decreed that any man that 'led away a Christian man and then sold him' should be considered guilty of homicide. The city was sacked and destroyed by the Norsemen in 882. In 925, it became part of

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