76-625: The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope ( GMRT ), located near Narayangaon , Pune in India, is an array of thirty fully steerable parabolic radio telescopes of 45 metre diameter, observing at metre wavelengths . It is the largest and most sensitive radio telescope array in the world at low frequencies. It is operated by the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics (NCRA), a part of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Mumbai . It
152-455: A literacy rate of 87.19 percent. By age, 685,022 were age four or younger; 1,491,352 were between ages five and 15; 4,466,901 were 15 to 59, and 589,280 were 60 years of age or older. For every 1,000 males age 6 and older, there were 919 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 12.52% and 3.70% of the population respectively. Hindus are the largest religious community, with a significant Muslim minority. In rural areas, Hindus are
228-536: A complex of ancient Indian Buddhist rock-cut shrines which were developed from the second century BCE to the fifth century CE; the oldest of the shrines is believed to date to 160 BCE. Traders and Satvahana rulers financed construction of the caves. Buddhists, identified with commerce and manufacturing through their early association with traders, tended to locate their monasteries in natural formations near major trade routes to provide lodging for travelling traders. Inscriptions at Karla and Junnar suggest that in
304-539: A major income source here, and mainly includes vegetables and sugar canes. In the last few years, farmers here are also trying for other sources of income. Narayangaon has emerged as a major export place of table grapes. Grapes from here are exported mainly to the Middle East and Europe. At the Narayangaon market, the trader or his representative comes to the farmer and quotes a price. No middlemen involved and
380-592: A relay station was built in Khadki to relay telegraph signals for the Imperial Wireless Chain . In 1885, Pune was a post-distribution hub for the district. There were two post offices in the city, which also offered money-order and savings-bank services. Areas east of Pune receive less rainfall than areas west of the city adjacent to the Western Ghats . To minimize drought risk, a masonry dam
456-614: A specific group of varkaris.). Company rule came to an end when, under the terms of a proclamation issued by Queen Victoria , the Bombay Presidency , Pune and the rest of British India came under the British crown in 1858. Villages in the district saw rioting in 1875 by peasants protesting Marwari and Gujarati moneylenders. The disturbances involved peasants getting the moneylenders to burn their documents and, in some cases, torching their houses. The riots were responsible for
532-535: A tourist destination in the western ghats, is a 45-minute drive away. A number of commercials and films have used Narayangaon as a backdrop. Visitors explore the architectures of medieval periods such as Adilshahi in nearby places. Caves, dams in nearby areas can also be explored by tourists. Shivaji was born at Shivneri Fort, 16 km west of Narayangaon. Shivneri fort is one of the most noted historic places in Maharashtra (India). The Narayangad fort
608-496: Is Narayangaon which is around 9 km from the telescope site. The office of National Centre for Radio Astrophysics (NCRA) is located in the Savitribai Phule Pune University campus. One of the aims for the telescope during its development was to search for the highly redshifted 21-cm line radiation from primordial neutral hydrogen clouds in order to determine the epoch of galaxy formation in
684-943: Is a district in Western Maharashtra with Administrative Headquarters in Pune city. Pune district is the most populous district in the Indian state of Maharashtra . It is one of the most industrialised districts in India. According to archaeological discoveries of the Jorwe culture in Chandoli and Inamgaon , portions of the district have been occupied by humans since the Chalcolithic (the Copper Age, 5th–4th millennium BCE). Many ancient trade routes linking ports in western India (particularly those of coastal Konkan ) with
760-566: Is a town in the Junnar taluka of the Pune district of Maharashtra state, India . Water is abundant because of its proximity to the major dams, the western ghats , and the Sahyadri mountain range. Narayangaon is located 656 m (2,152 ft) above sea level on the western margin of the Deccan plateau. It is situated on the leeward side of the Sahyadri mountain range, which forms a barrier from
836-422: Is about 8 km north-east of Narayangaon, and is believed to be the origin of the town's name. Ganpirbaba, Chawnd, Nimgiri, Dhakoba, Hadsar, Jivdhan, Harishchandra are other important forts nearby, some of which have become great attractions for trekking. Nature lovers can visit these forts for the natural environment and the rare species of plants found nearby. Goddess 'Muktabai' (Muktaai) (मुक्ताबाई\मुक्ताई)
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#1732771835618912-446: Is considered vulnerable until 20 September. Pune district had a population of 9,429,408 in the 2011 census , roughly equal to the nation of Benin . The fourth most populous of India's 640 districts, it has a population density of 603 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,560/sq mi). The district's population-growth rate between 2001 and 2011 was 30.34 percent. Pune has a sex ratio of 910 females to every 1,000 males, and
988-569: Is situated at the centre of town. The temple was given to the Brahman Sangh in the 1990s. It was later renovated. The festival of Ramnavami is celebrated every year in the temple. Hanuman temple is one of the oldest in town. Shambhu Mahadev temple is a branch of Shikhar Shingnapur Mahadev temple. The khandoba temple near Abhinandan Collection is believed to be Thaan of Naldurga Khandoba situated at Naldurga in Osmanabad district. Two of
1064-477: Is the Gram-Daivat (root deity) of Narayangaon. Muktabai Temple is situated on the bank of Meena river. It has recently undergone major renovation. The yatra of Goddess Muktaai starts after the day of 'Varuthini, Ekadashi . This is one of the biggest yatra in Maharashtra state. People come from different parts of the state to enjoy this festival. Lord Ram temple was established in the era of Peshwas. It
1140-412: Is unpredictable, in tune with the Indian monsoon. Summers, from early March to July, are dry and hot. Temperatures range from 20 to 38 °C (68 to 100 °F), and may reach 40 °C (104 °F). Winter runs from November to February. Temperatures usually hover around 7 to 12 °C (45 to 54 °F), sometimes dipping to 3 °C (37 °F). June is the driest month, and the agricultural sector
1216-525: The Ashtavinayak Ganapatis are located nearby: Also a Lord Shiva temple named 'Kapardikeshwar' is in Otur, 15 km north to the Narayangaon. Lord Khandoba temple is situated near Wadaj, 12 km west from the town. As the town is surrounded by dams and the western ghats, and Shyadri mountain range is in its proximity, water is abundant in Narayangaon and surrounding places. Farming is
1292-666: The Deccan Plateau pass through the district. The town of Junnar has been an important trading and political center for the last two thousand years, and it was first mentioned by Greco-Roman travellers in the early first millennium CE. The Karla Caves in Karli , near Lonavala , are near the Western Ghats and a major ancient trade route running eastward from the Arabian Sea to the Deccan Plateau. The caves are
1368-829: The Krishna River 's main tributary, rises in the Western Ghats and flows east. All the district's rivers (the Pushpavati, Krushnavati, Kukadi , Meena, Ghod , Bhama, Andhra, Indrayani , Pavna , Mula , Mutha , Ambi, Mose, Shivganga, Kanandi, Gunjavni, Velvandi, Nira , Karha and Velu) flow into the Bhima or its tributaries. Major dams are on the Kukadi , Pushpavati, Ghod , Bhima , Pavna, Bhama , Mula , Mutha (the Temghar and Khadakwasla Dams ) and Mose . Nine of
1444-579: The Maval region, winning over (or subduing) most of the local Maval leaders. He rebuilt the settlement of Pune, and prominent families who had left the town during its 1631 destruction by the Adilshahi general Murar Jaggdeo returned. Among Kondadeo's reported reforms was a tax of one-fourth the cash equivalent of a land's yield, and the Fasli calendar was introduced at this time. He is said to have focused on
1520-755: The Ramoshi caste). The best-known kotwal in Pune during Peshwa rule was Ghashiram Kotwal , and the city's police force was admired by European visitors. The patronage of the Brahmin Peshwas resulted in Pune's expansion, with the construction of about 250 temples and bridges (including the Lakdi Pul and the temples on Parvati Hill ). Many temples like Maruti , Vithoba , Vishnu , Mahadeo , Rama , Krishna and Ganesha temples were built during this era. Their patronage extended to 164 schools ( pathshalas ) in
1596-603: The Rashtrakuta ruler Krishna I. The plates call the region "Puny Vishaya " and "Punaka Vishaya", respectively. The Pataleshwar rock-cut temple complex was built during this time, and the area included Theur , Uruli , Chorachi Alandi, and Bhosari . The region became part of the Yadava Empire of Deogiri from the ninth to the 13th centuries. The Muslim Khalji rulers of the Delhi Sultanate overthrew
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#17327718356181672-658: The Treaty of Purandar (1665) , signed by the Mughal general Mirza Jaisingh and Shivaji, Shivaji ceded control of a number of forts in the district to the Mughals. Shivaji recaptured many of these forts when the truce ended. He was succeeded on the Marathi throne by his eldest son, Sambhaji , in 1680. Shortly afterwards, the Mughal army under Aurangzeb moved into the Deccan Plateau and remained there for nearly three decades. Sambhaji
1748-603: The Yadavas of Devagiri . The Pune Jagir which was restored to Shahaji after he joined the Adilshahi service in 1637.Since he was required to be based in Bengaluru as the Adilshah commander, Shahaji selected Pune as the residence for [Jijabai and son Shivaji, and appointed Dadoji Konddeo as administrator of the Pune jagir.Konddeo oversaw the construction of their Lal Mahal palace. Konddeo established complete control over
1824-851: The universe . Astronomers from all over the world regularly use this telescope to observe many different astronomical objects such as the Sun , Jupiter, exoplanets, magnetically active stars, microquasars or binary stars with a compact object (neutron star or black hole) as companion, pulsars , supernovae , supernovae remnants (SNR) HII regions , galaxies , quasars , radio galaxies , clusters of galaxies , cluster radio relics and halos, high-z galaxies, solar winds , Inter-galactic HI absorption lines, diffuse radio emission from filaments of galaxies, possible signs of time-variation of fundamental constants , variation of gas content with cosmic epoch, epoch of reionisation etc. . GMRT has produced an all sky survey named TIFR GMRT Sky Survey (TGSS). Nearly 90% of
1900-465: The 1790s, the city had a population of 600,000. In 1781, after a city census, a household tax ( gharpatti ) was levied on the more affluent: one-fifth to one-sixth of the property value. Order in Peshwa Pune was maintained by the kotwal , who was a police chief, magistrate and municipal commissioner and whose duties included investigating, levying and collecting fines for offences. The kotwal
1976-500: The Arabian sea. Narayangaon is on the bank of the river Meena. A wide hill range in the south separates the town from the adjoining Ambegaon taluka. Narayangaon can be reached from major cities via road. It is situated on Pune-Nasik National Highway 50 . It is 77 km north of Pune, 132 km south of Nasik and around 176 km east of the state capital, Mumbai. Shivneri Fort , the birthplace of Shivaji , who founded and ruled
2052-686: The Bhosale family. In 1632, Shahaji forsook the Mughals and accepted the friendship of the Adilshahi rulers of Bijapur (the traditional rivals of Ahmadnagar Sultanate ). After the fall of the Ahmadnagar (Nizamshahi) Sultanate, its territory was divided between the Adilshahi and the Mughals with Pune region going to the former. Shahaji refused to surrender Junnar (the seat of the Nizamshahi dynasty) before he finally capitulated. However, Shahaji
2128-629: The Bombay presidency government enacting the Deccan Agriculturists Relief Act to protect peasants from land grabbing by money lenders. During the first and second Anglo-Maratha wars, it took four or five weeks to move materials from Mumbai to Pune. An 1804 military road constructed by the British East India Company reduced the journey to four or five days. The company built a macadam road between
2204-577: The Buddhist era.Narayangaon is also Famous For Maharashtrian folk Dance Lavani.all Tamasha Mandals(Teams) Starts Their New season of performances from Narayangaon.an alternative Name For Narayangaon is "Tamasha Pandhari". Junnar taluka is noted for the presence of 27 leopards in a 500sq m area. The leopard rehabilitation center in Manikdoh, around 25 km west of Narayangaon, is becoming a tourist attraction ever since its establishment. Malshej Ghat ,
2280-624: The GMRT has led to a renaissance in the field of low frequency radio astronomy. From this, TGSS survey, data, in August 2018, the most distant known radio galaxy : TGSS J1530+1049, located at a distance of 12 billion light years, was discovered by GMRT. In February 2020, it helped in the observation of evidence of the largest known explosion in the history of the universe, the Ophiuchus Supercluster explosion . In January 2023,
2356-598: The Maratha Kingdom during the 17th century, is 16 km away from Narayangaon. Two of the Ashtavinayak Ganapati , Lenyadri and Ozar, are located nearby. Historical Nane ghat is a place from where trading to the Mumbai market was being done since around 8th century. It is around 35 km west of Narayangaon. Lenyadri, Manmodi, Tulja, Shivneri are the caves in nearby areas which have existed since
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2432-433: The Mughal invaders, and stabilise the territories ruled by Ahmednagar, local Maratha chieftains were given increased power. Amongst the chieftains was Maloji , who was made a raja in 1595; the districts of Pune and Supa were given to him as a jagir ( fief ). Maloji was also given charge of the forts at Shivneri and Chakan , which played an important role in the district's early political history. In 1600, Ahmednagar
2508-610: The Mughal siege. Before the Mughals captured Gingee, Rajaram returned to Maharashtra and died in Sinhagad in 1700. Ambikabai, one of his widows, committed sati at Rajaram's death. The Bhimthadi (or Deccani) horse was developed in the region under Maratha rule by crossing Arabian and Turkic breeds with local ponies. rightShivaji's grandson, Shahu I , appointed the Chitpavan Brahmin Balaji Vishwanath as his Peshwa in 1714. Vishwanath received
2584-484: The Nizamshahi capital was moved to Junnar at the beginning of the 16th century. The Bhosale family received a jagir (land grant), and control of the region shifted among the Bhosale rulers, the sultanates and the Mughals during the century. The district was central to the founding of the Maratha Empire by Shivaji . With the establishment of Nizamshahi rule, with Ahmednagar its headquarters, nearly all of
2660-474: The Pune region, taking possession of the key Torna Fort and controlling the Chakan and Purandar forts and raiding Junnar. He moved his administration to the renovated Rajgad fort in 1648, aand kept it there until his coronation in 1674. During the 1660s, the Mughals under Aurangzeb began paying attention to Shivaji. Pune and the region's forts frequently changed hands between the Mughals and Shivaji. In
2736-600: The Silver Bus Company, and Tanga (horse-drawn carriage) drivers went on strike in protest. Tangas were a common mode of public transport well into the 1950s, and bicycles were a private vehicle choice in the 1930s. The British installed a telegraph system in Pune in 1858. According to the 1885 Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Poona , the city and the GIPR had telegraph offices. In 1928,
2812-695: The Western Ghats between Pune and Mumbai. The Poona electric-supply company, a Tata company, received power from the Khopoli (on the Mumbai side of the Ghats) and Bhivpuri plants near the Mulshi dam. Power was used to electrify trains running between Mumbai and Pune and for industrial and residential use, and a dam was built on the Velvandi River in Bhor . The district is surrounded by Thane district on
2888-648: The Yadavas in 1317, beginning three hundred years of Islamic control. The Khalji were followed by another sultanate dynasty, the Tughlaqs . A Tughlaq governor on the Deccan Plateau rebelled and created the Bahamani Sultanate , which later dissolved into the Deccan sultanates . During the 1400s, Russian traveler Afanasy Nikitin spent many months in Junnar during the monsoon season and vividly describes life in
2964-563: The area around Pune from the grateful mother of one of Shahu's ministers for saving her son's life. In 1718, Shahu sent him to Delhi to assist the Sayyads; in return for this help, Muhammad Shah (the Mughal emperor in Delhi) granted Shahu sardeshmukhi rights for Pune, Supa, Baramati, Indapur and Junnar. Shahu appointed Baji Rao I Peshwa in 1720, succeeding his father. Baji Rao moved his administration from Saswad to nearby Pune in 1728, laying
3040-518: The building of temples and temple rituals led to religion being responsible for about 15 percent of the city's economy during this period. Peshwas and knights residing in the city had individual hobbies and interests; Madhavrao II had a private collection of exotic animals, such as lions and rhinoceros, near the Peshwe Park zoo. The last Peshwa, Baji Rao II , was a strength and wrestling enthusiast. The sport of pole gymnastics ( mallakhamba )
3116-1250: The city of Pune namely Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) and Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC). PCMC, Pune is north western city limits of Pune and its corporation covers Nigdi , Akurdi, Pimpri , Chinchwad and Bhosari . The region was zoned for industrial development by the state of Maharashtra in the early 1960s & later acceded to the city limits. Pune District is divided into fifteen talukas – Pune City taluka , Pimpri-Chinchwad taluka , Haveli taluka , Mulshi taluka , Velhe taluka , Bhor taluka , Purandar taluka , Baramati taluka , Daund taluka , Indapur taluka , Maval taluka , Khed taluka , Shirur taluka , Ambegaon taluka and Junnar taluka . There are thirteen panchayat samitis . The district has 1,866 villages and 21 Vidhan Sabha constituencies: Junnar, Ambegaon, Khed-Alandi, Maval, Mulshi, Haveli, Bopodi, Shivajinagar, Parvati (SC), Kasba Peth, Bhvani Peth, Camp Cantonment , Shirur, Daund, Indapur, Baramati, Purandhar and Bhor. Its four Lok Sabha constituencies are Pune, Baramati, Shirur and Maval (shared with Raigad district). The district has three cantonments , in Camp , Khadki and Dehu Road . Smaller towns in
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3192-614: The city which taught Hindu holy texts ( shastras ) to Brahmin men. Pune also had many public festivals. Major festivals were Ganeshotsav , the Deccan New Year ( Gudi Padwa ), Holi , and Dasara . Holi at the Peshwa court was celebrated over a five-day period. The Dakshina festival, celebrated in the Hindu month of Shravan (when millions of rupees were distributed), attracted Brahmins from throughout India to Pune. The festivals,
3268-404: The country during the four months of the rainy season. Narayangaon is close to the five major dams . The nearest is Yedgaon Dam on the Kukadi river, about 9 km to the north. Wadaj Dam on the river Meena is 16 km to the west. Pimpalgaon Joge Dam on Pushpavati is 30 km to the northwest, and Manikdoh Dam on the river Kukadi, is 25 km to the northwest. Chilewadi Dam on
3344-500: The deal is struck. The farmer gets his money right on the spot. The turnover of the tomato market has increased from Rs 3 crore in 2004 to more than Rs 150 crore in 2013. 600–700 farmer groups of 20 people who work on supply of tomatoes to Pune, Ahmednagar, Thane and Raigad. Around 200 truckloads of tomatoes also go to the North every day. Due to its specific climatic conditions, Narayangaon supplies more than 60% of tomatoes consumed in
3420-566: The defeat of Maratha forces in the 1761 Battle of Panipat , but Pune remained the seat of power. However, the city's fortunes declined rapidly after the 1795 accession of Baji Rao II . Pune was captured by Yashwantrao Holkar in the 1802 Battle of Pune , precipitating the Second Anglo-Maratha War of 1803–1805. Peshwa rule ended with the defeat of Baji Rao II by the British East India Company , under
3496-540: The disastrous 1761 Battle of Panipat , and the Nizam of Hyderabad looted the city. It (and the empire) recovered during the brief reign of Peshwa Madhavrao. The rest of the Peshwa era was rife with family intrigue and political machinations. The leading role was played by the ambitious Raghunathrao , the younger brother of Nanasaheb, who wanted power at the expense of his nephews Madhavrao I and Narayanrao . After Narayanrao's 1775 murder by order of Raghunathrao's wife, power
3572-408: The district have Nagar Palikas (municipal councils). Most are these are the headquarters of their respective taluka or its main town: The growth of the Pune metropolitan area has led to the development of township schemes in the city such as Magarpatta , Amanora and Nanded City and development further from the city in the mountains, such as Lavasa . Pune District Court administers justice at
3648-421: The district's fifteen talukas are identified as drought-prone, covering a total area of 1,562,000 hectares (6,030 sq mi) and a cropped area of 1,095,000 hectares (4,230 sq mi). Of the cropped area, only 116,000 hectares (450 sq mi) are irrigated—nearly half by wells and tanks, and 40 percent by government canals. The district had a population of 4.2 million in 1991, of which 52 percent
3724-623: The early part of the Common Era , the area was controlled by the Shaka ruler Nahapana . Coins found further east in the district, near Indapur , suggest that the region may have been controlled by the Traikutaka king Dahragana in 465 CE; silver coins found at Junnar suggest that the region may also have been ruled by Andhra kings . The first reference to the Pune region is found on two copper plates, dated to 758 and 768 CE and issued by
3800-402: The engineers and astronomers who work there. Nearby schools/colleges are also invited to put their individual science experiments in exhibition and the best one in each level (primary, secondary school and Jr. college) are awarded. Visitors are allowed into GMRT only on Fridays in two sessions - Morning (1100 hrs - 1300 hrs) and Evening (1500 hrs to 1700 hrs). Narayangaon Narayangaon
3876-431: The foundation for turning a kasbah into a large city. Pune grew in size and influence as Maratha rule extended through the subcontinent in subsequent decades. A well-known saying in the era before the third battle of Panipat was that the "ponies of Bhimthadi drank the water of the Indus river ". Pune gained more influence under the rule of Baji Rao I's son, Balaji Baji Rao (Nanasaheb). Maratha influence waned after
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#17327718356183952-430: The hills and forests of the Sahyadri range with his Maval friends, acquiring skills and familiarity with the land which would be useful in his military career. Around 1645, the teenaged Shivaji first expressed his concept of Hindavi Swarajya (Indian self-rule) in a letter. According to legend, he took an oath to that effect at the temple of Raireshwar near Bhor in the district. Shivaji began his rule in 1648 of
4028-404: The important for of Sinhagad overlooking the city of Pune. The governor of the new territories, Mountstuart Elphinstone , appointed a commissioner and left the district's boundaries almost intact. Elphinstone and other British officers enjoyed Saswad and the fertile valley around it. The annual Pandharpur Wari starts in two places in the district, namely Alandi and Dehu. In its present form
4104-534: The lake to Shaniwar Wada. The city received an underground sewage system in 1782 which discharged into the river. Pune prospered during Nanasaheb's reign. On the southern fringe of the city, he built a palace on the Parvati Hill , developed a garden known as Heera Baug, and dug a lake near the hill with a Ganesha temple on an island in its centre which is called Sarasbaug . Nanasaheb also developed new commercial, trading, and residential localities: Sadashiv Peth , Narayan Peth , Rasta Peth and Nana Peth . During
4180-489: The leadership of Mountstuart Elphinstone , in 1818. In 1818, the Pune region and the rest of the Peshwa territories came under the control of the British East India Company .One of the first tasks that the company did was to destroy Hill forts previously under Maratha control.This was to stop Maratha forces regrouping in the hills. The forts destroyed in Pune district included those in the Junnar region such Shivaji's birthplace of Shivneri, Hadsar , Narayangad , Chavand , and
4256-436: The northwest, Raigad district on the west, Satara district on the south, Solapur district on the southeast, and Ahmednagar district on the north and northeast. On the leeward side of the Western Ghats , it extends to the Deccan Plateau on the east. Pune is at an altitude of 559 metres (1,863 feet). The district is located between 17.5° and 19.2° north latitude and 73.2° and 75.1° east longitude. The Bhima River ,
4332-553: The predominant community. Buddhists are also significant, with smaller numbers of Christians and Jains concentrated in Pune city. Languages in Pune district (2011) Marathi is the only official language of the district. At the time of the 2011 Census of India , 78.17% of the population in the district spoke Marathi , 10.00% Hindi , 1.89% Urdu , 1.40% Kannada , 1.34% Marwadi , 1.30% Telugu , 1.15% Gujarati , 0.58% Tamil , 0.53% Malayalam and 0.46% Sindhi as their first language. The district has two municipal corporations in
4408-420: The region under Bahamani rule. The fort at Chakan played an important role in the history of the Deccan sultanates. The Bahamani Sultanate broke up in the early 16th century; the Nizamshahi kingdom controlled the region for most of the century, with Junnar its first capital. During the early 1600s, the Nizam Shahi general Malik Ambar moved his capital there. The district became politically important when
4484-411: The region was controlled by the Nizamshahi. It was formed into a district (or sarkar ), with sub-divisions ( paragana ) and smaller ranges ( prant or desh ). Revenue collection was delegated to important chieftains of the Nizamshahi. At Ahmednagar, the Sultan bore the brunt of a heavy attack from Mughal armies who converged on the capital in 1595. To rally the strongest possible local support against
4560-408: The river Mandvi, is 25 km to the north. The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope is located 9 km to the east. It is the world's largest array of radio telescopes at metre wavelengths. It is operated by the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, a part of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai. VSNL's (Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd.) major project is located at Arvi, 5 km away from
4636-458: The sky has been imaged at the frequency of 150 MHz (wavelength 2m), with an angular resolution of 25 arc second and rms noise of 5 mili Jansky per beam. Source Catalogue and FITS image files for the scientific community are freely available. General public and citizen scientists can see 150 MHz image of any, supernova remnant, spiral galaxy or radio galaxy with its name or position at the RAD@home RGB-maker web-tool . Power and versatility of
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#17327718356184712-399: The telescope picked up a radio signal (21 cm line emission from neutral atomic hydrogen gas) which originated from 8.8 billion light years away. Each year on National Science Day the observatory invites the public and pupils from schools and colleges in the surrounding area to visit the site where they can listen to explanations of radio astronomy, receiver technology and astronomy from
4788-599: The town. Narayangaon is considered to be the center for the performing folk art tamasha . Narayangaon yatraotsav (Narayangaon fair) is the largest trade fair dedicated to it. Troupes from all over Maharashtra congregate to the fare during which performances are booked by patrons by payment of advances. Sant Sahadubaba Bhau Waykar , famously known as Chakankar Baba hails from Narayangaon's Gunjalwadi. Amol Kolhe Vithabai Bhau Mang Narayangaonkar Mangala Bansode Shri Guruvary Rajaram Parshuram Sabnis Pune district Pune district (Marathi pronunciation: [puɳeː] )
4864-404: The two cities in 1830 which permitted mail-cart service. A rail line from Bombay, operated by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway (GIPR), reached Pune in 1858. In the following decades, the line was extended east and south of the city. The GIPR extended its line east to Raichur in 1871, where it met the Madras Railway and connected the city to Madras . The metre-gauge Pune- Miraj line
4940-404: The wari dates back to 1820s. At that time, Sant Tukaram's descendants, and a devotee of Sant Dnyaneshwar named Haibatravbaba Arphalkar, who was a courtier of Scindias , the Maratha rulers of Gwalior made changes to wari. Haibatravbaba's changes involved carrying the paduka in a palkhi, having horses involved in the procession, and organizing the devotees or varkaris in Dindis (Dindi stands for
5016-418: The western Pune region, and has been credited with overseeing Shivaji's education and training. Kondadeo died in 1647, and Shivaji became his father's deputy. Many of Shivaji's comrades (and, later, a number of his soldiers) came from the Maval region in the district's western mountains, including Yesaji Kank , Suryaji Kakade, Baji Pasalkar, Baji Prabhu Deshpande and Tanaji Malusare . Shivaji traveled
5092-465: Was apparently considered important enough by the Adilshah to play a key role in the new regime's administration. His jagir was confirmed, continuing the region's connection with the Bhosale family. Shahaji second son, Shivaji (founder of the Maratha Empire), was born on the hill fort of Shivneri near Junnar on 19 February 1630. His mother was Jijabai , the daughter of Lakhuji Jadhavrao of Sindhkhed (a Mughal-allied sardar claiming descent from
5168-443: Was assisted by police officers who manned the chavdi (police station), and clerks collected fines and paid informants who provided intelligence. Crimes included illicit affairs, violence and murder; in the case of murder, sometimes only a fine was imposed. Inter-caste or inter-religious affairs were also resolved with fines. Although the kotwal's salary was as high as 9,000 rupees per month, it included officer salaries (mainly from
5244-407: Was built on the Mutha River at Khadakwasla in 1878. At the time, the dam was considered one of the world's largest. Two canals were dug on each riverbank to irrigate land east of the city and supply drinking water to the city and its cantonment . In 1890 Poona Municipality spent Rs. 200,000 to install water filtration works. In the early part 20th century, hydroelectric plants were installed in
5320-431: Was captured and executed, at Aurangzeb's order, in the village of Tulapur at the confluence of the Bhima river and the Indrayani Rivers . The period following his 1689 death was one of political ferment in the Deccan Plateau, and the Pune region experienced major fluctuations in administrative authority. Shivaji's younger son, Rajaram I , ruled after his brother's death. He spent most of his time in Gingee , fighting
5396-538: Was captured by the Mughals. Nizamshahi minister Malik Ambar raised Murtaza Nizam Shah II to the throne, with its temporary headquarters at Junnar. For nearly a generation, Ambar guided the Nizamshahi kingdom and the Pune region benefited from his leadership. By his death in 1626, the region's revenue system was sound and fair. The Pune region was administered as a jagir during much of the 17th century by Maloji Bhosale, his son Shahaji and his grandson Shivaji . Its nominal sovereignty changed with shifting allegiances of
5472-451: Was completed in 1886, making the city a rail junction . The Bombay-Poona line was electrified in the 1920s; this cut travel time between the cities to three hours, enabling day trips for events such as the Poona races . Many villages in the west, east and south of the district, such as Lonavla , Uruli Kanchan and Daund , were connected by rail. Pune's first bus service began in 1941 with
5548-431: Was conceived and built under the direction of Govind Swarup during 1984 to 1996. It is an interferometric array with baselines of up to 25 kilometres (16 mi). It was recently upgraded with new receivers, after which it is also known as the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope ( uGMRT ). The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) Observatory is located about 80 km north of Pune at Khodad . A nearby town
5624-511: Was developed in Pune under his patronage by Balambhat Deodhar. Many Peshwas and their courtiers were patrons of lavani and Maharashtrian dance, and a number of composers (such as Ram Joshi, Anant Phandi, Prabhakar and Honaji Bala ) flourished during this period. The dancers primarily came from the Mang and Mahar castes. Lavani used to be essential part of Holi celebrations in the region's Peshwa courts. Peshwa influence in India declined after
5700-558: Was exercised in the name of his son Madhavrao II by a regency council led by Nana Fadnavis for most of the century. Under Peshwa rule, the urban elite came from the Chitpavan Brahmin community; they were the military commanders, the bureaucrats and the bankers, and had ties to each other by marriage. Nanasaheb built a lake in Katraj , on the city's outskirts, and a still-operational underground aqueduct to bring water from
5776-416: Was rural. There were 1,530 villages in the district. Its average rainfall is 600 to 700 millimetres (24 to 28 in), most of which falls during the monsoon months (July to October). The area adjacent to the Western Ghats gets more rain than areas further east. The Daund and Indapur talukas experience more-frequent droughts than Maval, on the district's western edge. Temperatures are moderate and rainfall
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