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61-460: Golaghat ( English: / ˈ ɡ oʊ l ɑː ɡ h ɑː t / Gʊlaɡʱat ['ɡʊlaɡʱat] ) one of the largest subdivisions of the Indian state of Assam , later elevated to the position of a full–fledged district headquarter on 5 October 1987, is a city and a municipality and the seat of administrative operations of Golaghat district , besides being a twin city to Jorhat which

122-437: A definition in the text of the act is to avoid the inclusion, within the planning commission's control, of such cases as a testator 's dividing his property amongst his children, partners' dividing firm property amongst themselves on dissolution, or cases of that nature. A subdivision does not need to be sold, in whole or in part, for its resulting pieces to be considered separate parcels of land. A subdivision plat approved by

183-497: A few have converted to Sikhism , Islam , Christianity and Buddhism . In Gujarat, Hindu Banias are largely Vaishnavas and are followers of Vallabhacharya . It is hypothesized by historians that the Vaishnav Vaniyas of Gujarat are the descendants of the now-extinct Buddhist merchants who were formerly present in the region. Banias are composed of caste in the mercantile and business fields, which have delineated

244-506: A local planning commission, once recorded in a registry of deeds, is generally deemed to have created the parcels of land identified on the plat itself. The problem of testamentary division of property was identified by the SCPEA in the footnote to the definition of subdivision, but not fully clarified by it. In some jurisdictions, a testamentary division of property does not constitute a legal subdivision for purposes of separate conveyancing of

305-526: A mercantile caste mainly from the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan , with strong diasporic communities in Uttar Pradesh , Madhya Pradesh , West Bengal , Maharashtra (mainly Mumbai ) and other northern states. Traditionally, the main occupations of the community are merchants , bankers , money-lenders , and (in modern times) owners of commercial enterprises . The Hindi term baniyā

366-496: A more affluent population demanded larger and more widely spaced houses coupled with the increase of car usage for which terraced streets were unsuitable. Subdivisions were often produced by either local authorities (more recently, housing associations ) or by private developers. The former tended to be a means of producing public housing leading to monotenure estates full of council houses often known as "council estates". The latter can refer to higher end tract housing for

427-465: A population of ~ 60,000 and a population density of ~ 8,303.55 inhabitants per square kilometre (21,506.1 inhabitants/sq mi). Dhansiri River , one of the important tributaries of Brahmaputra River , is the primary geographical feature of Golaghat which is a navigable river and the main factor for the growth of human settlements in the region. The Dhansiri is a tidal river and Golaghat and surrounding areas are vulnerable to flooding. Like most of

488-403: A total of 1,549 and 507 populations respectively and 3979 to be the total slum population in the city. The 2001-literacy rate of 82 percent increased to 90.93 percent in 2011, with the highest number of literates in the district, but at the same time, reporting the highest number of illiterates with 7,637 persons. The largest religious groupings of the census are Hindus (77.04 per cent), and

549-575: Is about 55 km away. It is one of the oldest urban areas in Assam that recently featured on the Smart Cities nominations list, along with Guwahati and four other prominent urban areas of the state; although losing out to Guwahati at the final stage. The Dhansiri , one of the tributaries of the Brahmaputra , passes through Golaghat and is the primary water source for its citizens. One of

610-477: Is derived from Sanskrit vaṇija ("trader"), whereas the Marwari bā̃ṇyõ and Gujarati vāṇiyo are derived from Sanskrit vāṇija ("trader"). The community is also known by the term "vanik". In Bengal the term Bania is a functional catch-all for moneylenders, indigenously developed bankers, readers of grocery items and spices, irrespective of caste. The community is composed of several sub-castes including

671-594: Is derived. The stone inscription of Nagajari-khanikar village of Sarupathar , dating back to the 5th century, reveals that there was an independent kingdom in Doyang – Dhansiri valley and the relics of ramparts, brick structures, temples and tanks etc. discovered in these areas suggest the presence of a kingdom during 9th and 10th century. According to the Brief History of Mengguo Zhanbi, in 1318, Si Kefa after conquering southeast states till Lancang river from

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732-563: The Agarwal , Khandelwal , Maheshwari , Oswal , Porwad and Shrimali Baniyas, among others. Traditionally (dating to at least the 15th century), the Gujarati Baniyas had 84 divisions (as did Gujarati Brahmins), although many were simply formulaic. Subcastes are also divided into Visa and Dasa divisions, which are also centuries old, and prohibit intermarriage. Most Banias are followers of either Hinduism or Jainism , but

793-672: The Golaghat Development Authority , while the local administration is carried out by the Golaghat Municipal Board . The development authority functions under the Directorate of Town and Country Planning – Urban Development Department , Government of Assam and is responsible for the implementation of infrastructure projects, besides preparation of master plan for Golaghat urban area to ensure distributed growth. The authority works closely with

854-476: The Golaghat Sahitya Sabha of Asam Sahitya Sabha , also began here in 1918. The Golaghat Amateur Theatre Society (GATS) , one of the premier theater societies of the state, was set up here in 1895 to uplift the dramatic and cultural activities in the region, particularly Golaghat. The Golaghat Bar Association (GBA), founded in 1891, is one of the oldest legal societies in Assam, especially in

915-520: The Standard City Planning Enabling Act (SCPEA) in 1928. The SCPEA covered six subjects: (1) the organization and power of planning commissions, which was directed to prepare and adopt a master plan; (2) the content of the master plan; (3) provisions for a master street plan; (4) provisions for approval of all public improvements by the planning commission; (5) control of private subdivision of land; and (6) provisions for

976-1031: The Upper – Assam division . Golaghat has a number of heritage buildings and sites – the Golaghat British Cemetery , constructed in 1876, the Bezbaruah Higher Secondary School , set up in the late 19th century in the year 1886 by the educationalist Dinanath Bezbarua, the Baptist Church founded by the American missionaries in 1898, the Christian High ( Mission ) School built by the American Women Foreign Mission Society in 1919, Assam's first department store – Doss & Co. , constructed in 1930 and incorporated under

1037-485: The Yuan dynasty , appointed his brother Sanlongfa as the general and led an army of 90,000 to attack the king of Mengwei Sari (Upper Assam) in the northwest. In the end, he designed a plan to make Mengwei Sari surrender and agreed to pay tribute every three years. In Hsweni state chronicle, the two generals Tao Sen Yen and Tao Sen Hai Khai sent with Samlongpha sent a story to Hso Khan Hpa (Si Kefa) at Mongyang that Samlongpha

1098-562: The middle class and even upper middle class . In the Philippines , subdivisions are areas of land that have been subdivided into individual residential plots. Whereas some subdivisions comprise exclusive gated communities , others are merely demarcations denoting a specific neighborhood . Some subdivisions may conduct autonomous security, or provide basic services such as water and refuse management . Most subdivisions are governed by associations made up of members who are residents of

1159-437: The "subdivided" parcels. Furthermore, the SCPEA's definition leaves ambiguous the notion of 'building development' and whether the identification of multiple construction sites on a single parcel of land constitutes a subdivision subject to the review and approval authority of the planning commission. Interpretations of this vary among American jurisdictions. Subdivision developers may use an architect's services only once, with

1220-495: The Baniya identity. The term baniya has historically been applied to various mercantile communities who belong to diverse castes. Baniyas are vegetarians, and some groups have greater restrictions on the foods that can be consumed. They also take care not to kill insects when preparing and eating food. Baniyas were known to be hard working and frugal. Only minimum expenses would be made on clothing, food, and furniture. During

1281-532: The Golaghat belt . The small tea growers' movement was also started from Golaghat. As per the latest statistics, Golaghat has the third highest number of small tea growers (STGs) and third highest number of bought leaf factories (BLFs) in Assam. Subdivision (land) Subdivisions may also be for the purpose of commercial or industrial development, and the results vary from retail shopping malls with independently owned out parcels to industrial parks . In

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1342-491: The Jain and Hindu Vaishnavs' beliefs, rituals, prayers, and ceremonies being often very similar. Pushtimarg Vaishnavs would perform emotional seva to Krishna , and Jains would be austere and follow the Jain vows. Lakshmi Puja was performed by Baniyas, as it Lakshmi would be considered to bestow wealth and welfare on the family. According to Basu, the culture of Gujarati Baniyas is viewed ambivalently by outsiders, stating "on

1403-486: The Registrar of Companies (RoC) – Shillong in the year 1955 to name a few. The headquarters of Assam Valley Tea Planters' Association (now Assam Tea Planters Association) was also based in Golaghat. Set up in 1941 under Mahendra Nath Barooah 's management, the erstwhile headquarters played a significant role in enrolling associate members, besides laying the first foundations of growth, recognition and reputation that

1464-557: The United States, the creation of a subdivision was often the first step toward the creation of a new incorporated township or city . Contemporary notions of subdivisions rely on the Lot and Block survey system , which became widely used in the 19th century as a means of addressing the expansion of cities into surrounding farmland. While this method of property identification was useful for purposes of conveyancing , it did not address

1525-492: The accumulation of many small profits. These include short-weighing, adulteration of products, and regular undervaluation of a debt repayments. They were also known for being well spoken when speaking to others, but were not confrontatious. They were very secretive about their business accounts, and would use secret scripts or illegible handwriting. Often two sets of account books were kept, one for showing officials if needed, and one only for family. Business dealings were kept within

1586-510: The areas are divided into wards . The oldest borough in Golaghat is Amolapatty . Golaghat is located at 26°31′N 93°58′E  /  26.52°N 93.97°E  / 26.52; 93.97 . It has an average elevation of 95 metres (312 feet). The Golaghat telephone area code (3774) covers a larger area, the entire Golaghat district, while the PINs 785 621 – 785 702 range from Golaghat H.O. (Head Post Office) to other regions, such as

1647-477: The association is presently credited for. Golaghat also has one of the oldest boards of trades and industries in the state. The United Chamber of Commerce (UCC) formed in 1954 antecedes many newer chambers of commerce that have been set up in the state in the more recent years. Assam's first major political party, the AGP was formed here and launched in the year 1985 at the historic Golaghat Convention and by 2008;

1708-418: The creation of regional planning commissions. The SCPEA included the following definition: "Subdivision" means the division of a lot, tract, or parcel of land into two or more lots, plats, sites, or other divisions of land for the purpose, whether immediate or future, of sale or of building development. It includes resubdivision and, when appropriate to the context, relates to the process of subdividing or to

1769-474: The day, Baniya boys were sent to schools called patshala s where they would learn business skills and habits. They learned how to read and write, as well as in secret merchant scripts that were hidden from non-Baniyas. They also learned ciphers , accounting , and arithmetic . The correctness of mathematical calculations was extremely important to Baniyas, and they learnt various methods and tricks so they could perform advanced mental arithmetic. A mercantile ethos

1830-430: The design style that has houses with high ceilings and light tin roof and wooden or concrete flooring. However, with time, such characteristic designs are replaced with RCC houses and buildings. Previously in 2001 Census , Golaghat recorded a population of 33,021, constituting 53 percent males and 47 percent females of the total population, with 11 percent of the population under 6 years of age. The average literacy rate

1891-550: The district. The Chairperson of Golaghat is an elected representative who is accountable for the strategic governance of Golaghat headquarters. The Chairperson directs the elected Ward Commissioners in entirety of Golaghat on various civic matters. The main functions include, but not limited to the following: This is a list of the areas of Golaghat, in alphabetical order. In political or administrative usage contemporary areas of Golaghat are informal, often being based on or adapted from historic contexts. For electoral purposes

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1952-565: The earliest tea urban centres in Assam that has been the headquarters of the oldest subdivision for over 186–187 years since 1839, the local government body, Golaghat Municipal Board (GMB), was set up in early 1920, becoming a long-established civic body of the state, formed before independent India . It is a historical body of 105–106 years of age in continuous operation. Golaghat has the inceptive post/mail service and telegraphic communication systems in Assam going back to 1876. The oldest social – literature/rhetorical congresses of Assam –

2013-516: The family, and in cases of dispute other Baniyas would arbitrate in order to keep business deals secret from non-Baniyas. Their preference for compromises instead of confrontations often led non-Baniyas to think of them as cowardly. In order to prepare for further business success, Baniyas also had to have high levels of information access. They had messengers, intelligence networks, and postal services in order to make sure that they knew about any important knowledge as early as possible. Such information

2074-476: The hill areas of Northeast India, Golaghat has a subtropical highland climate ( Köppen Cwb ) characterised by pleasant, dry and sunny winters and warm, humid and very wet summers. The summer season is very warm and usually humid starting from the end of March and continuing until October. Golaghat falls within the temperate region with monsoon-type rainfall prevailing through the year. Summer days typically range from 20 to 24 °C (68.0 to 75.2 °F) but

2135-496: The humidity makes it feel hotter. South–west monsoons that lasts from June to September are responsible for a total average of 1,686 millimetres or 66.38 inches out of an annual total of 2,295 millimetres (90.35 in) of annual rainfall. Winter commences from the month of November with less rainfall and misty mornings and afternoons. By December, afternoon temperatures are a pleasant 16 °C or 60.8 °F and mornings average 8 °C or 46.4 °F. When compared with winter,

2196-499: The kingdom of Ava is said to extend on the east to Shan Pyi, northwest to Timmasala, west to Kula Pyi, and south to Talaing Pyi. In a 1442 inscription from Pagan of Burma mentions Timmasala (Hill Kacharis) to be one of the 21 principalities under Mong Mao ruler Thonganbwa (1413–1445/6), who was later captured by the Governor of Taungdwin and presented to King Narapati I of Ava . The Doyang – Dhansiri valley came under

2257-582: The kingdomand in return, the chieftain of Dimasa sent horses and local products as a sign of tribute. In 1425, paper money, ramie-silks, silk gauzes and thin silk were conferred to Mazhiasa who was sent to the Ming court by Diedaomangpa, the acting head of Di-ma-sa Pacification Superintendency. It is speculated that Dimasa kingdom is referred to as Timmasala in the Yan-anng-myin pagoda inscription of Burma in 1400 A.D. In this inscription by Minkhaung I ,

2318-417: The land or territory subdivided. Attached to this definition was the following footnote: for the purpose of sale or of building development : Every division of a piece of land into two or more lots, parcels or parts is, of course, a subdivision. The intention is to cover all subdivision of land where the immediate or ultimate purpose is that of selling the lots or building on them. The object of inserting

2379-408: The merger of Comilla Banking Corporation Limited with Tripura Modern Bank Limited led to the formation of United Bank of India branch in 1950. Golaghat is an agrarian economy, comprising cultivation of cash crop : tea, besides food crops , such as rice and sugarcane . Golaghat has played a significant role in the tea industry of Assam and there is a saying that one can’t make bad tea in

2440-530: The municipal board. The municipal board covers the geographical area of 17 square kilometres (6.6 sq mi) within Golaghat and has the administration over 9,646 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage, besides performing certain obligatory services as a part of the local administration. The Deputy Commissioner of Golaghat is the executive head and is responsible for law and order, implementation of government schemes, besides being also authorised to hear revenue cases pertaining to

2501-531: The oldest railway lines in Assam was also built in Golaghat. The text noted from the book Glimpse of Assam written by Mrs. S.R. Ward in 1884 state: Mr Bryers who was then the Chief of Cachar and Assam Railway Survey succeeded in finding a railway route that would be carried up the Dhunsiri valley to Golaghat... thus giving Assam direct railway communication with Chittagong and Calcutta. Golaghat elevated to

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2562-531: The overall impacts of expansion and the need for a comprehensive approach to planning communities. In the 1920s, the Coolidge administration formed the Advisory Committee on City Planning and Zoning , which undertook as its first task the publication of The Standard State Zoning Enabling Act in 1926, model enabling legislation for use by state legislatures . This was followed by publication of

2623-509: The planning and construction of public streets and public roads, and the placement of public utilities. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, subdivisions are usually areas of land that have been zoned for a particular type of residential development, often called a housing estate . They can vary enormously in character, density, and socioeconomic value. They have existed for well over a century, but became prevalent after World War II , as

2684-450: The position of a full-fledged district in Assam comprising an area of 3,502 km (or 1, 352.13 sq. mi) on 5 October 1987 and is known for its notable contribution in India's independence movement , arts and culture , literature and sports in the region. The administration of Golaghat is formed of two tiers: a city-wide and a local tier. The city-wide administration is coordinated by

2745-427: The rest of the tract houses using the same master template: the resulting houses all look similar as in the above photograph of Markham, Ontario. The overall purpose of a subdivision is to create an environment conducive to overall development and sustained growth, with development defined as: … the design work of lot layout, the construction of drainage structures, the construction of buildings or public use areas,

2806-575: The rule of Ahom dynasty during the 16th century. During Ahom rule, this area was under Morongi-khowa Gohain, an administrative officer. In 1751, certain portions of Barpathar , Sarupathar Barangi mauza s of Golaghat circle and Duarbagari of Bokakhat circle were transferred to the United Mikir and N.C. Hills districts. During the last phrase of the Ahom kingdom , when the independent sovereignty of Ahoms had come to an end, Purandar Singha

2867-455: The same members of the convention reunified the party at this place. The place is also the headquarters of The North Eastern Tea Association (NETA) , one of the tea growers' groups in the state of Assam, a constituent member of Consultative Committee of Plantation Associations (CCPA), Assam Valley branch . The name Golaghat ( gola which means shop and ghat meaning the landing point of river ferry or enclosure for boats ) originated from

2928-522: The same year. By a proclamation in 1839, the British took possession of Assam and the area was divided into two districts of Lakhimpur and Sibsagar , where the Doyang – Dhansiri valley was included under the newly formed Golaghat subdivision of Sibsagar district in 1839. Golaghat became the largest subdivision in Assam and comprised Dergaon and Golaghat circles. Golaghat circle was the largest among them with 150.10 square miles of area, while Dergaon

2989-468: The shops established by the Marwari businessmen during the mid-20th century at the bank of Dhansiri river near present Golaghat. There is another view, which is more sophisticated and older than the arrival of the British and Indian businessmen. During the Ahom kingdom era, there was a storehouse of cannonballs also locally called Gola and transported by local ferry Ghat , from which name Golaghat

3050-629: The smallest are undeclared at 0.11 (per cent). The modern economy in Golaghat began with a system of organized banking that started in 1926 with a functioning branch of the Gauhati Bank . The years thereafter led to the establishment of other newer banks, namely; the Union Bank , a cooperative bank under the presidency of Debeshwar Rajkhowa in 1930 and the Comilla Banking Corporation Limited in 1937. Later,

3111-470: The subdivision can be registered at the Land Titles Office and titles issued (including bare land condominiums). Exceptions may occur with parcels of land that contain more than one quarter section, a river lot, a lake lot, or some settlement lots created prior to July 1, 1950. Bania (caste) Bania (also spelled Baniya , Banija , Banya , Vaniya , Vani , Vania and Vanya ) is

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3172-491: The subdivision. In the Philippines, subdivisions are also known as villages or barangays . In Alberta , subdivision is the dividing of a single parcel of land into two or more parcels, each to be given a separate title. Subdivision is also used for existing lot line adjustments. Notwithstanding a few exceptional circumstances, subdivision approval and endorsement by the local municipality must always be received before

3233-588: The sub–office delivery in Bengenakhowa , branch office in Missionpatty etc. Golaghat presently comprises the areas within the jurisdiction of Golaghat Municipal Board , however, the proposed planning covers an extended area of Golaghat Grant and Bengenakhowa Grant , besides the Amolapatty region. Golaghat encompasses a total area of 17 square kilometres (6.6 sq mi), an area which has

3294-476: The summers have much more rainfall. Although located in the one of the environmentally clean regions of India, the recent studies of air pollution levels in Golaghat have suggest poor air quality in the region with harmful air particulate matter levels higher than the standards. Being one of the oldest municipal regions in Assam, Golaghat has many pre-independence style of bungalows in Assam–type architecture,

3355-448: Was also instilled in the boys, as they learned the chief aim of life was to acquire wealth and only profitable transactions were worthwhile. After school hours, boys would spend time in the family shop and learn the business. After education was complete boys would try to start their own businesses and if successful, would be allowed to manage the family business. When Baniyas made transactions, they often had dubious qualities that allowed

3416-563: Was also tied to socioreligious conduct, as maintaining marital relations within the community, having a strong patriarch, and adherence to religious principles were all highly valued. Wealthy Baniyas only spent large sums of money for specific purposes: hosting feasts, buying jewellery (mainly for women), construction of havelis , and the most honourable being donating to religious causes such as temples or religious festivals. Such displays of wealth allowed Baniyas to show their status and high honour. Baniyas historically are very religious, with

3477-625: Was conspiring with the king of Mong Wehsali Long to dethrone Hso Khan Hpa, Hso Khan Hpa believed the story and sent poison food to Samlongpha and he died at Mongkawng . Earlier, this part was ruled by the Dimasa Kingdom . The Ming dynasty had contact with the Dimasas and canonised the Dimasa kingdom as a tusi in 1406. The Ming court sent Zhou Rang, a Supervising Secretary to bestow Imperial orders, patent, seals, paper money, silks etc. to

3538-497: Was entrusted in 1833 with the administration of Upper – Assam by the East India Company who had already won mastery over Assam. However, this artificial ornamentation by the scion of Ahom Royal House was short-lived, and in the year 1838, the whole area was resumed by the authorities of the company and annexed to the British territory with the appointment of Col. Aham White as the political agent on 16 September during

3599-539: Was noted to be 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5 percent, where male literacy stood at 84 percent and female literacy at 79 percent respectively. In 2011 Census , Golaghat registered the lowest child sex ratio of 884 females per 1000 males, and the highest percentage of household-industry workers in the district at 4.98 percent. Males recorded a lower percentage than females at 2.57 males and 13.90 percent females respectively. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes were at 3.69 percent and 1.21 percent i.e.,

3660-410: Was often used in speculation in futures exchanges , which in turn sometimes turned into gambling. Honour was very important to Baniyas, which they called abru . Their honour was tied to their credit worthiness, which were valued higher than their lives. A bankrupt Baniya was stigmatised, and those who were caught to be dishonest with another Baniya were boycotted, bankrupted, and stigmatised. Honour

3721-1003: Was the smallest. During this time, Purandar Singha continued to rule with Jorhat as the capital of his territory, Upper – Assam, but with the formation of two other subdivisions, one at Jaipur and the other at Golaghat. On 18 December 1846, Jorhat was declared a subdivision comprising certain portions of Golaghat subdivision. The earliest head post offices of the Assam circle of British Assam were located in Golaghat besides Debrughur , Goahati , Jorhat , Nowgong , Sibsagar , Shillong and Tezpore . Much later after telegraph lines had been stretched between Calcutta and Guwahati in 1869; Golaghat got its speaking wires' system in and around 1876. The lines were stretched to connect Golaghat with Kohima , Shillong with Goahati, Sibsagar with Nazerah and Debrughur with Makum . In British Assam , Golaghat derived its importance chiefly because of having advanced communication systems during that time and on account of its connection by road with Kohima . One of

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