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86-715: A Golden Arm is a craps player who has rolled dice for over one hour without losing. The designation was created by the California Hotel and Casino in 1989 after Stanley Fujitake rolled 118 times for three hours and six minutes without sevening out. The California Hotel and Casino had lost more than $ 1 million. Fujitake had won about $ 30,000. In 1999, the Platinum Arm Club was formed honoring players who roll for over 90 minutes or over an hour on at least two occasions. On May 23–24, 2009 Patricia DeMauro of New Jersey rolled 154 times including 25 passes over

172-509: A 5% commission charged for all winning banker wagers at baccarat and winning wagers at pai gow converts evenly. Bets of $ 20 are not uncommon in traditional table games such as craps and roulette ; a $ 20 chip, for example, places a $ 5 bet on each of the "hard ways" in craps and is preferable to passing a stack of chips or making change. Because eight is considered a lucky number in Chinese culture, chips denominated 8, 88, and 888 (e.g., $ 8 in

258-522: A blanket as a shooting surface. Their military memories led to craps becoming the dominant casino game in postwar Las Vegas and the Caribbean. After 1960, a few casinos in Europe, Australia, and Macau began offering craps, and, after 2004, online casinos extended the game's spread globally. Bank craps or casino craps is played by one or more players betting against the casino rather than each other. Both

344-464: A cashier station. The tokens are interchangeable with money at the casino. As they are not legal tender , they generally have no value outside of the casino, but certain businesses (such as taxis or waiters—especially for tips) in gambling towns may honor them informally. Tokens are employed for several reasons. Because of the uniform size, shape, and patterns of stacks of chips, they are easier to tally compared to currency. This attribute also enables

430-417: A chip with unique base, secondary, and detail colors. As chip sets are tailored to the buyer, the values of various colors vary widely, with less traditional colors either used as very high values such as $ 500, $ 1,000, $ 5,000, and so forth, common in tournaments, or as special "fractional" values such as $ 2 or $ 0.50, common in low-limit games. In casinos, uniform chip colors and sizes are sometimes specified by

516-407: A core set of bets and payouts is typical. Players take turns rolling two dice and whoever is throwing the dice is called the "shooter". Players can bet on the various options by placing chips directly on the appropriately-marked sections of the layout, or asking the base dealer or stickman to do so, depending on which bet is being made. While acting as the shooter, a player must have a bet on either

602-448: A limit on how large the odds bet can be in relation to the line bet, with single, double, and five times odds common. Some casinos offer 3–4–5 odds, referring to the maximum multiple of the line bet a player can place in odds for the points of 4 and 10, 5 and 9, and 6 and 8, respectively. During promotional periods, a casino may even offer 100x odds bets, which reduces the house edge to almost nothing, but dramatically increases variance, as

688-423: A mixture of metal, clay, ceramic, and plastic materials inlayed or painted with colors and numbers indicating various denominations, while metal token coins are used primarily in slot machines . Some casinos embed RFID tags into chips to collect data and fight counterfeiting, and plaques may have printed serial numbers . Money is exchanged for tokens in a casino at the casino cage, at the gaming tables, or at

774-586: A period of 4 hours and 18 minutes at the Borgata in Atlantic City, New Jersey . This remains the current record. She bested by over an hour the record held for almost 20 years – that of Fujitake. Craps Craps developed in the United States from a simplification of the western European game of Hazard , also spelled Hazzard or Hasard. The origins of Hazard are obscure and may date to

860-460: A player is playing Don't Pass instead of pass, they may also lay odds by placing chips behind the Don't Pass line. If a 7 comes before the point is rolled, the odds pay at true odds of 1-to-2 if 4 or 10 is the point, 2-to-3 if 5 or 9 is the point, or 5-to-6 if 6 or 8 is the point. Typically the maximum lay bet will be expressed such that a player may win up to an amount equal to the maximum odds multiple at

946-469: A point is established), most casinos allow Pass line players to take odds by placing up to some predetermined multiple of the Pass line bet, behind the Pass line. This additional bet wins if the point is rolled again before a 7 is rolled (the point is made) and pays at the true odds of 2-to-1 if 4 or 10 is the point, 3-to-2 if 5 or 9 is the point, or 6-to-5 if 6 or 8 is the point. Unlike the Pass line bet itself,

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1032-515: A rubberized target surface covered with small pyramid shapes to randomize the dice which strike them. The top edges of the table walls have one or two horizontal grooves in which players may store their reserve chips. The table is run by up to four casino employees: a boxman seated (usually the only seated employee) behind the casino's bank, who manages the chips, supervises the dealers, and handles "coloring up" players (exchanging small chip denominations for larger denominations in order to preserve

1118-411: A set of chips in reserve with alternate markings, though they may not be required to have exactly the same number of reserve chips as they do on the floor. The most notable instance of counterfeiting chips was broken up in 2005, when two men were caught falsely converting $ 1 chips into higher denominations. Casino chips used in tournaments are usually much cheaper and of much simpler design. Because

1204-413: A single venue. Chip colors found in home sets typically include red, white, blue, and sometimes green and black; however, more recently a wide assortment of colors have become readily available, particularly in lower-cost ABS plastic chips. Common additional colors are pink, purple, yellow, orange, and grey. Newer designs in home chips include three-color designs where a three-step molding process creates

1290-405: A space to wager on "Don't Pass" (i.e., for the shooter to lose) in addition to "Pass". Virtually all modern casinos use his innovation, which incentivizes casinos to use fair dice. Craps exploded in popularity during World War II , which brought most young American men of every social class into the military. The street version of craps was popular among service members who often played it using

1376-536: A special plastic or resin formula that approximates the feel and sound of ceramic or porcelain. There are less expensive chips for the home market, made from various forms of plastic and plastic covered metal slugs as well. The chips used in United States casinos typically weigh about 10 grams, but they can be between 8 and 16 g worldwide. There is no universally standardized color scheme for poker chip values, and schemes not only vary nationally and regionally, but even from venue to venue, or by event type within

1462-473: A unique set of chips, even if the casino is part of a greater company. This distinguishes a casino's chips from others, since each chip and token on the gaming floor has to be backed up with the appropriate amount of cash. In addition, with the exception of Nevada, casinos are not permitted to honor another casino's chips. The security features of casino chips are numerous. Artwork is of a very high resolution or of photographic quality. Custom color combinations on

1548-401: Is "3-4-5X Odds", where the maximum allowed odds bet depends on the point: three times if the point is 4 or 10; four times on points of 5 or 9; or five times on points of 6 or 8. This rule simplifies the calculation of winnings: a maximum Pass odds bet on a 3–4–5× table will always be paid at six times the Pass line bet regardless of the point. As odds bets are paid at true odds, in contrast with

1634-464: Is added to the crabs as a losing number on the first dice roll. This condition is retained in the simplified game called Pass. All three losing numbers (2, 3, and 12) on the first roll of Pass are jointly called the craps numbers. For a century after its invention, casinos used unfair dice. In approximately 1907, a dicemaker named John H. Winn in Philadelphia introduced a layout which featured

1720-447: Is almost the opposite of the Pass line bet. Like the Pass bet, this bet must be at least the table minimum and at most the table maximum. The Don't Pass bet pays even money. The Don't Pass bet is a no-contract bet. After a point is established, a player may take down or reduce a Don't Pass bet and any corresponding odds at any time because odds of rolling a 7 before the point is in the player's favor. Once taken down or reduced, however,

1806-503: Is based on the maximum allowed win from a single roll. In all the above scenarios, whenever the Pass line wins, the Don't Pass line loses, and vice versa , with one exception: on the come-out roll, a roll of 12 will cause Pass Line bets to lose, but Don't Pass bets are pushed (or "barred"), neither winning nor losing; this is done to establish a house edge for Don't Pass bets. (The same applies to "Come" and "Don't Come" bets, discussed below.) A player wishing to play craps without being

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1892-429: Is no correlation between die rolls, there is normally no possible long-term winning strategy in craps. There are occasional promotional variants that provide either no house edge or even a player edge. One example is a field bet that pays 3:1 on 12 and 2:1 on either 3 or 11. Overall, given the 5:4 true odds of this bet, and the weighted average paid odds of approximately 7:5, the player has a 5% advantage on this bet. This

1978-476: Is required to make either a Pass line bet or a Don't Pass bet if he wants to shoot. On the come out roll each player may only make one bet on the Pass or Don't Pass, but may bet both if desired. The Pass Line and Don't Pass bet is optional for any player not shooting. In rare cases, some casinos require all players to make a minimum Pass Line or Don't Pass bet (if they want to make any other bet), whether they are currently shooting or not. The fundamental bet in craps

2064-441: Is sometimes seen at casinos running limited-time incentives, in jurisdictions or gaming houses that require the game to be fair, or in layouts for use in informal settings using play money. No casino currently runs a craps table with a bet that yields a player edge full-time. Maximizing the size of the odds bet in relation to the line bet will reduce, but never eliminate the house edge, and will increase variance . Most casinos have

2150-442: Is the Pass line bet, which is a bet for the shooter to win. This bet must be at least the table minimum and at most the table maximum. The Pass line bet pays even money. The Pass line bet is a contract bet. Once a Pass line bet is made, it is always working and cannot be turned "Off", taken down, or reduced until a decision is reached – the point is made, or the shooter sevens out. A player may increase any corresponding odds (up to

2236-399: Is the casino's table bank: as many as two thousand casino chips in stacks of 20. The opposite long side is usually a long mirror. The U-shaped ends of the table have duplicate layouts and standing room for approximately eight players. In the center of the layout is an additional group of side bets which are used by players from both ends. The vertical walls at each end are usually covered with

2322-408: Is the shooter's first toss can be referred to as a come-out roll. Any player can make a bet on Pass or Don't Pass as long as a point has not been established, or Come or Don't Come as long as a point is established. All other bets, including an increase in odds behind the Pass and Don't Pass lines, may be made at any time. All bets other than Pass line and Come may be removed or reduced any time before

2408-402: Is to discourage players from grabbing back their bet and attempting to flee should their bet not win, because chips, unlike cash, must be redeemed at the casino cashier and have no value outside the casino in question. Lastly, the chips are considered to be an integral part of the casino environment, and replacing them with some alternate currency would be unpopular. Many casinos have eliminated

2494-571: The Crusades ; a detailed description of Hazard was provided by Edmond Hoyle in Hoyle's Games, Improved (1790). At approximately the same time (1788), "Krabs" was documented as a French variation on Hazard. In aristocratic London, crabs was the epithet for the sum combinations of two and three for two rolled dice, which in Hazard are instant-losing numbers for the first dice roll, regardless of

2580-692: The Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, issue "limited edition" varied-designed chips, commemorating various events, though retaining a common color scheme. This encourages customers to keep them for souvenirs, at a profit to the casino . In certain casinos, such as the Wynn and Encore casinos in Las Vegas, chips are embedded with RFID tags to help casinos keep better track of them, determine gamblers' average bet sizes, and to make them harder for counterfeiters to reproduce. However, this technique

2666-539: The World Poker Tour use round chips exclusively with denominations up to $ 250,000; tournament chips, however, are not redeemable for cash. European casinos use a similar scheme, though certain venues, such as the Aviation Club de France , use pink for €2 and blue for €10. European casinos also use plaques rather than chips for high denominations, usually in the €1000 and higher range. Each casino has

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2752-502: The pit boss or security to quickly verify the amount being paid, reducing the chance that a dealer might incorrectly pay a customer. The uniform weight of the casino's official tokens allows them to weigh great stacks or heaps of chips rather than tally them (though aids such as chip trays are far more common). Furthermore, it is observed that consumers gamble more freely with replacement currencies than with cash. A more pragmatic reason for casinos using chips in place of cash at table games

2838-415: The "Pass" or the "Don't Pass" line or both. "Pass" and "Don't Pass" are sometimes called "Win" and "Lose", "Do" and "Don't", or "Right" and "Wrong". The game is played in rounds and these "Pass" and "Don't Pass" bets are betting on the outcome of a single round. The shooter is presented with multiple dice (typically five) by the "stickman", and must choose two for the round. The remaining dice are returned to

2924-439: The "hard ways". Hard way rolls are so named because there is only one way to roll them (i.e., the value on each die is the same when the number is rolled). Consequently, it is more likely to roll the number in combinations (easy) rather than as a double (hard). The probability of dice combinations determine the odds of the payout. There are a total of 36 (6 × 6) possible combinations when rolling two dice. The following chart shows

3010-525: The 1600s. Instead, John Scarne credits anonymous Black American inventors with simplifying and streamlining Hazard, increasing the pace of the game and adding a variety of wagers. Regardless of who deserves credit for simplifying Hazard, the game initially was called Pass from the French word pas (meaning "pace" or "step"), and was popularized by the underclass starting in the early 19th century. Field hands taught their friends and deckhands, who carried

3096-482: The 1950s has been 100% clay. Modern clay chips are a composition of materials more durable than clay alone. At least some percentage of the chips is of an earthen material such as sand, chalk, and clay similar to that found in cat litter . The process used to make these chips is a trade secret , and varies slightly by manufacturer, most being relatively expensive and time-consuming per chip. The edge spots, or inserts, are not painted on; to achieve this effect, this area of

3182-429: The 2, 3, 11, or 12; the only numbers which affect the round are the established point, any specific bet on a number, or any 7. Any single roll bet is always affected (win or lose) by the outcome of any roll. While the come-out roll may specifically refer to the first roll of a new shooter, any roll where no point is established may be referred to as a come-out. By this definition the start of any new round regardless if it

3268-402: The 3 and 12 win a Don't Pass bet. Shooters may keep rolling after crapping out; the dice are only required to be passed if a shooter sevens out (rolls a seven after a point has been established). A come-out roll of 7 or 11 is a " natural "; the Pass line wins and Don't Pass loses. The other possible numbers are the point numbers: 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 10. If the shooter rolls one of these numbers on

3354-478: The Casino Chips & Gaming Tokens Collectors Club formed in 1988. Some collectors may value certain casino tokens up to $ 100,000, which are typically traded on online auction websites like eBay . Several casinos sell custom-made sets of chips and one or two decks of cards stamped with the name of the casino on them. Each set is contained in a small briefcase or box. The ancestors of modern casino tokens were

3440-424: The Don't Pass bet may not be restored or increased. Because the shooter must have a line bet the shooter generally may not reduce a Don't Pass bet below the table minimum. In Las Vegas , a majority of casinos will allow the shooter to move the bet to the Pass line in lieu of taking it down; however, in other areas such as Pennsylvania and Atlantic City , this is not allowed. Even though players are allowed to remove

3526-435: The Don't Pass line bet after a point has been established, the bet cannot be turned "Off" without being removed. If a player chooses to remove the Don't Pass line bet, he or she can no longer lay odds behind the Don't Pass line. The player can, however, still make standard lay bets on any of the point numbers (4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10). There are two different ways to calculate the odds and house edge of this bet. The table below gives

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3612-646: The Hard Rock Hotel in Las Vegas) which installed the receipt system had kept the $ 1 tokens around for use as $ 1 chips, most other casinos using the receipts had simply scrapped the tokens entirely. Most casinos using receipts have automated machines at which customers may redeem receipts, eliminating the need for coin counting windows and decreasing labor costs. Casino chip collecting is a part of numismatics , more specifically as specialized exonumia collecting. This hobby has become increasingly popular with

3698-405: The Pass line odds bet can be turned "Off" (not working), removed or reduced anytime before it loses. In Las Vegas, generally odds bets are required to be the table minimum. In Atlantic City and Pennsylvania, the combine odds and Pass bet must be table minimum so players can bet the minimum single unit on odds depending on the point. If the point is a 4 or 10, players can bet as little as $ 1 on odds if

3784-407: The Pass line which is always even money, taking odds on a minimum Pass line bet lessens the house advantage compared with betting the same total amount on the Pass line only. A maximum odds bet on a minimum Pass line bet often gives the lowest house edge available in any game in the casino. However, the odds bet cannot be made independently, so the house retains an edge on the Pass line bet itself. If

3870-1359: The US) are common in casinos catering to a Chinese clientele, often as a promotion for the Chinese Lunar New Year. They will sometimes contain an image of the animal associated with the year and are issued in a variety of colors. Low-denomination yellow chips vary in value: $ 20 in Atlantic City and Illinois (which also uses "mustard yellow" $ 0.50 chips); $ 5 at most Southern California poker rooms; $ 2 at Foxwoods ' poker room in Ledyard, Connecticut ; Running Aces Casino & Racetrack and Canterbury Park , both in Minnesota ; and at Casino del Sol in Tucson, Arizona ; and $ 0.50 at Potawatomi Hotel & Casino in Milwaukee , Wisconsin. Blue chips are occasionally used for $ 10, most notably in Atlantic City. In Las Vegas and California , most casinos use blue or white for $ 1 chips, though many Las Vegas casinos now use $ 1 metal tokens in lieu of chips. Chips are also available in denominations of $ 1000 or more, depending on

3956-401: The back wall. Both dice must be tossed in one throw. If only one die is thrown the shot is invalid. A come-out roll of 2, 3, or 12 is called "craps" or "crapping out", and anyone betting the Pass line loses. On the other hand, anyone betting the Don't Pass line on come out wins with a roll of 2 or 3 and ties (pushes) if a 12 is rolled; in some rules, the 2 pushes instead of the 12, in which case

4042-401: The bet loses. This is known as "taking it down" in craps. The maximum bet for Place, Buy, Lay, Pass, and Come bets are generally equal to table maximum. Lay bet maximum are equal to the table maximum win, so players wishing to lay the 4 or 10 may bet twice at amount of the table maximum for the win to be table maximum. Odds behind Pass, Come, Don't Pass, and Don't Come may be however larger than

4128-418: The center area, a single set of major bets is presented, split by the center bets. Responsibility of the dealers is adjusted: while the stickman continues to handle the center bets, it is the base dealer who handles all other bets (as well as cash and chip exchanges). By contrast, in "street craps", there is no marked table and often the game is played with no back-stop against which the dice are to hit. Despite

4214-554: The chip edge (edge spots) are usually distinctive to a particular casino. UV markings can be made on the inlay. Certain chips incorporate RFID technology, such as those at the Wynn Casino in Las Vegas. Also, makers' marks are difficult to reproduce. Counterfeit chips are rare. High levels of surveillance, along with staff familiarity with chip design and coloring, make passing fake chips difficult. Casinos, though, are prepared for this situation. All states require that casinos have

4300-412: The chips at a table); two base dealers who stand to either side of the boxman and collect and pay bets to players around their half of the table; and a stickman who stands directly across the table from the boxman, takes and pays (or directs the base dealers to do so) the bets in the center of the table, announces the results of each roll (usually with a distinctive patter), and moves the dice across

4386-464: The chips have no cash value, usually chips are designed with a single color (usually differing in shade or tone from the version on the casino floor), a smaller breadth, and a basic mark on the interior to distinguish denominations; however, at certain events (such as the World Series of Poker or other televised poker), chips approach quality levels of chips on the floor. Several casinos, such as

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4472-412: The clay is removed and then replaced with clay of a different color; this can be done to each chip individually or a strip can be taken out of a cylindrical block of material and replaced with the alternate color before the block is cut into chips. Then each chip receives a mid-inlay if desired, and is placed in a special mold that compresses the chip, hence the term compression molded chips. The pressure of

4558-412: The come-out roll) before rolling a seven, the Pass line wins and a new round starts. If the shooter rolls any seven before repeating the point number (a "seven-out"), the Pass line loses, the Don't Pass line wins, and the dice pass clockwise to the next new shooter for the next round. Once a point has been established, any multi-roll bet (including Pass and/or Don't Pass line bets and odds) are unaffected by

4644-410: The come-out roll, this establishes the "point" – to "pass" or "win", the point number must be rolled again before a seven. The dealer flips a button to the "On" side and moves it to the point number signifying the second phase of the round. If the shooter "hits" the point value again (any value of the dice that sum to the point will do; the shooter does not have to exactly repeat the exact combination of

4730-411: The compression and the heat that is added varies from manufacturer to manufacturer. The printed graphics on clay chips is called an inlay. Inlays are typically made of paper and are then clad with a plastic film applied to the chip prior to the compression molding process. During the molding process, the inlay becomes permanently fastened to the chip and can not be removed from the chip without destroying

4816-435: The counters used to keep score in the card games Ombre and Quadrille . In 1752, French Quadrille sets contained a number of different counters, known as jetons , fiches and mils . Unlike modern poker chips, they were colored differently only to determine player ownership for purposes of settling payments at the end of the game, with different denominations differentiated by different shapes that each counter type had. In

4902-399: The dice combinations needed to roll each number. The two and twelve are the hardest to roll since only one combination of dice is possible. The game of craps is built around the dice roll of seven, since it is the most easily rolled dice combination. Viewed another way: The expected value of all bets is usually negative, such that the average player will always lose money. This is because

4988-515: The dice shooter to choose any number from five to nine as their "main" number; in a pamphlet published in 1933, Edward Tinker claimed that de Marigny simplified the game by making the main always seven, which is the mathematically optimal choice, i.e., the choice with the lowest disadvantage for the shooter. However, more recent research indicates that de Marigny played an unmodified version of Hazard, which had been played in America since at least

5074-745: The early history of Poker during the 19th century, players seemed to use any small valuable object imaginable. Early poker players sometimes used jagged gold pieces, gold nuggets, gold dust, or coins as well as "chips" primarily made of ivory, bone, wood, paper, and a composition made from clay and shellac. Several companies between the 1880s and the late 1930s made clay composition poker chips. There were over 1000 designs from which to choose. Most chips were white, red, blue, and yellow, but they could be made in almost any color desired. The vast majority of authentic casino chips are " clay " chips but can be more accurately described as compression molded chips. Contrary to popular belief, no gaming chip going as far back as

5160-499: The game fair and reduce the chance of loaded dice . There are many local variants of the calls made by the stickman for rolls during a craps game. These frequently incorporate a reminder to the dealers as to which bets to pay or collect. Rolls of 4, 6, 8, and 10 are called "hard" or "easy" (e.g. "six the hard way", "easy eight", "hard ten") depending on whether they were rolled as a "double" or as any other combination of values, because of their significance in center table bets known as

5246-419: The house always sets the paid odds to below the actual odds. The only exception is the "odds" bet that the player is allowed to make after a point is established on a pass/come Don't Pass/Don't Come bet (the odds portion of the bet has a long-term expected value of 0). However, this "free odds" bet cannot be made independently, so the expected value of the entire bet, including odds, is still negative. Since there

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5332-431: The inlay. Ceramic chips were introduced in the mid 1980s as alternative to clay chips, and are also used in casinos, as well as being readily available to the home market. The ability to print lettering and graphics on the entire surface of the chip, instead of just the inlay, made them popular. Ceramic chips are sometimes also referred to as clay or clay composite, but they are in fact an injection molded chip made with

5418-502: The layout with an elongated wooden stick. Each employee also watches for mistakes by the others because of the sometimes large number of bets and frantic pace of the game. In smaller casinos or at quiet times of day, one or more of these employees may be missing, and have their job covered by another, or cause player capacity to be reduced. Some smaller casinos have introduced "mini-craps" tables which are operated with only two dealers; rather than being two essentially identical sides and

5504-501: The local gaming control board for consistency. For example, regulations in New Jersey and Illinois specify similar uniform colors. Notably, Nevada has no regulations regarding color, which is why Nevada casinos may use white, blue, or gray as $ 1, though $ 5 through $ 5000 are almost always consistently colored. All US states where gambling is legal require that casino chips have a unique combination of edge spots for identification,

5590-477: The main floor. Casinos often use gaming plaques for these denominations: These plaques are about the size of a playing card, and must be marked with serial numbers . The greatest value placed on a plaque to date is $ 10 million, used at the London Club in Las Vegas. Televised poker tournaments and cash games sometimes use bundled paper bills for high denominations, though the World Series of Poker and

5676-483: The name "street craps", this game is often played in houses, usually on an un-carpeted garage or kitchen floor. The wagers are made in cash, never in chips, and are usually thrown down onto the ground or floor by the players. There are no attendants, and so the progress of the game, fairness of the throws, and the way that the payouts are made for winning bets are self-policed by the players. Each casino may set which bets are offered and different payouts for them, though

5762-419: The name and location of the casino and the chip's value, if any, impressed, printed, or molded onto the obverse and reverse of the token. In 19th-century United States, there was enough of a tradition of using blue chips for higher values that "blue chip" in noun and adjective senses signaling high-value chips and high-value property are attested since 1873 and 1894, respectively. This established connotation

5848-544: The new game up the Mississippi River and its tributaries, although the game was never popular amongst the riverboat gamblers. De Marigny gave the name Rue de Craps to a street in his new subdivision in New Orleans; in that city, craps experienced a resurgence of popularity in the late 1830s, but was not played in gaming houses until the 1890s, eventually spreading throughout America by the 1910s, when it

5934-401: The numbers considering that the game ends in a push when a 12 is rolled, rather than being undetermined. Betting on Don't Pass is often called "playing the dark side", and it is considered by some players to be in poor taste, or even taboo, because it goes directly against conventional play, winning when most of the players lose. If a 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10 is thrown on the come-out roll (i.e., if

6020-439: The odds can be removed or reduced. Unlike the Don't Pass bet itself, the Don't Pass odds can be turned "Off" (not working). In Las Vegas generally odds bets are required to be the table minimum. In Atlantic City and Pennsylvania, the combine lay odds and Don't Pass bet must be table minimum so players may bet as little as the minimum two units on odds depending on the point. If the point is a 4 or 10 players can bet as little as $ 2 if

6106-414: The odds offered allows and can be greater than the table maximum in some casinos. Don't odds are capped on the maximum allowed win some casino allow the odds bet itself to be larger than the maximum bet allowed as long as the win is capped at maximum odds. Single rolls bets can be lower than the table minimum, but the maximum bet allowed is also lower than the table maximum. The maximum allowed single roll bet

6192-474: The player will be betting in large betting units. Since several of the multiple roll bets pay off in ratios of fractions on the dollar, it is important that the player bets in multiples that will allow a correct payoff in complete dollars. Normally, payoffs will be rounded down to the nearest dollar, resulting in a higher house advantage. These bets include all place bets, taking odds, and buying on numbers 6, 8, 5, and 9, as well as laying all numbers. The shooter

6278-624: The players and the dealers stand around a large rectangular craps table. Sitting is discouraged by most casinos unless a player has medical reasons for requiring a seat. The basic flow of a single game is: Players use casino chips rather than cash to bet on the Craps "layout", a fabric surface which displays the various bets. The bets vary somewhat among casinos in availability, locations, and payouts. The tables roughly resemble bathtubs and come in various sizes. In some locations, chips may be called checks, tokens, or plaques. Against one long side

6364-434: The shooter roll with one hand and that the dice bounce off the far wall surrounding the table. These requirements are meant to keep the game fair (preventing switching the dice or making a "controlled shot"). If a die leaves the table, the shooter will usually be asked to select another die from the remaining three but can request permission to use the same die if it passes the boxman's inspection. This requirement exists to keep

6450-431: The shooter should approach the craps table and first check to see if the dealer's "On" button is on any of the point numbers. In either case, all single or multi-roll proposition bets may be placed in either of the two rounds. Between dice rolls there is a period for dealers to make payouts and collect losing bets, after which players can place new bets. The stickman monitors the action at a table and decides when to give

6536-434: The shooter the dice, after which no more betting is allowed. When joining the game, one should place money on the table rather than passing it directly to a dealer. The dealer's exaggerated movements during the process of "making change" or "change only" (converting currency to an equivalent in casino cheques) are required so that any disputes can be later reviewed against security camera footage. The dealers will insist that

6622-414: The shooter's selected main number. The name craps is derived from the corruption of this term crabs (or Krabs) to creps and then craps. According to some accounts, Hazard was brought from London to New Orleans in approximately 1805 by the returning Bernard Xavier Philippe de Marigny de Mandeville , the young gambler and scion of a family of wealthy landowners in colonial Louisiana . Hazard allows

6708-442: The stickman's bowl and are not used. Each round has two phases: "come-out" and "point". Dice are passed to the left. To start a round, the shooter makes one or more "come-out" rolls. The shooter must shoot toward the farther back wall and is generally required to hit the farther back wall with both dice. Casinos may allow a few warnings before enforcing the dice to hit the back wall and are generally lenient if at least one die hits

6794-437: The table limit) behind the Pass line at any time after a point is established. Players may only bet the Pass line on the come out roll when no point has been established, unless the casino allows put betting where the player can bet Pass line or increase an existing Pass line bet whenever desired and may take odds immediately if the point is already on. A Don't Pass bet is a bet for the shooter to lose ("seven out, line away") and

6880-808: The table minimum is low such as $ 5, $ 10 or $ 15 tables. If the player requests the Don't Pass odds to be not working ("Off") and the shooter hits the point or sevens-out, the Don't Pass bet will be lost or doubled and the Don't Pass odds returned. Unlike a standard lay bet on a point, lay odds behind the Don't Pass line does not charge commission (vig). Casino token Casino chips (also known as poker chips , gaming tokens , or checks / cheques ) are small discs used as currency in casinos . Larger, rectangular gaming plaques may be used for high-stakes games. Poker chips are also widely used as play money in casual or tournament games, are of numismatic value to casino chip collectors , or may be kept as souvenirs . Chips and plaques used in table games may be made of

6966-455: The table minimum is low such as is $ 5, $ 10 or $ 15. If the player requests the Pass odds be not working ("Off") and the shooter sevens-out or hits the point, the Pass line bet will be lost or doubled and the Pass odds returned. Individual casinos (and sometimes tables within a casino) vary greatly in the maximum odds they offer, from single or double odds (one or two times the Pass line bet) up to 100x or even unlimited odds. A variation often seen

7052-400: The table. If a player lays maximum odds with a point of 4 or 10 on a table offering five-times odds, he would be able to lay a maximum of ten times the amount of his Don't Pass bet. At 5x odds table, the maximum amount the combined bet can win will always be 6x the amount of the Don't Pass bet. Players can bet table minimum odds if desired and win less than table minimum. Like the Don't Pass bet

7138-424: The use of metal tokens (and coins) in their slot machines, in favor of paper receipts or pre-paid cards, which, while requiring heavy infrastructure costs to install, eliminate the coin handling expenses, jamming problems encountered in machines which took coins or tokens and can allow more game-specific technology in the space of a machine which would usually be dedicated to coin mechanisms. While some casinos (such as

7224-477: The wagering limits of the casino. Such chips are often yellow or orange. . Casinos in Nevada, Atlantic City, and other areas that permit high wagers typically have chips available in $ 5000, $ 10,000, $ 25,000, and more; the colors for these vary widely. Denominations above $ 5000 are almost never encountered by the general public; their use is usually limited to "high limit rooms" where bet sizes are much greater than on

7310-464: Was described as "the gambling game of [the country]" in Foster's Complete Hoyle (1914). The central game Pass gradually has been supplemented over the decades by many companion games and wagers which can be played simultaneously with Pass; these are now collectively known as craps. The craps numbers of 2, 3, and 12 are similarly derived from Hazard. If the main is seven, then the two-dice sum of twelve

7396-608: Was first extended to the sense of a blue-chip stock in the 1920s. $ 2.50 chips (colloquially referred to as "snappers" by chip collectors) are mostly used for blackjack tables, since a "natural" (a 21 on the first two cards dealt to a player) typically pays 3:2 and most wagers are in increments of $ 5. However, the Tropicana Casino and Borgata in Atlantic City, New Jersey , and others, have used $ 2.50 (pink) chips in $ 7.50 to $ 15 and $ 10 to $ 20 poker games. $ 20 chips are used mostly at baccarat and pai gow poker because

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