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115-725: Google Analytics is a web analytics service offered by Google that tracks and reports website traffic and also mobile app traffic and events, currently as a platform inside the Google Marketing Platform brand. Google launched the service in November 2005 after acquiring Urchin . As of 2019, Google Analytics is the most widely used web analytics service on the web. Google Analytics provides an SDK that allows gathering usage data from iOS and Android apps , known as Google Analytics for Mobile Apps . Google Analytics has undergone many updates since its inception and

230-471: A first party cookie (If cookies are enabled in the browser) on each visitor's computer. This cookie stores anonymous information called the ClientId. Before the launch of Universal Analytics, there were several cookies storing information such as whether the visitor had been to the site before (new or returning visitor), the timestamp of the current visit, and the referrer site or campaign that directed

345-448: A certain amount of inactivity, usually 30 minutes. The emergence of search engine spiders and robots in the late 1990s, along with web proxies and dynamically assigned IP addresses for large companies and ISPs , made it more difficult to identify unique human visitors to a website. Log analyzers responded by tracking visits by cookies , and by ignoring requests from known spiders. The extensive use of web caches also presented

460-534: A group of 51 society lotteries across the United Kingdom with a common drawing and prize pool. Each drawing is held on behalf of one or more of the society lotteries, whose revenues go to support health-related causes in their respective area. The Health Lottery received criticism on launch for only pledging to donate 20.3% of ticket costs to charity, compared to the National Lottery's 28%, and that

575-558: A lottery offering tickets for sale is the lottery organized by Roman Emperor Augustus . The funds were for repairs in the City of Rome, and the winners were given prizes in the form of articles of unequal value. The first recorded lotteries to offer tickets for sale with prizes in the form of money were held in the Low Countries in the 15th century. Various towns held public lotteries to raise money for town fortifications, and to help

690-649: A lottery to raise money to purchase cannons for the defense of Philadelphia. Several of these lotteries offered prizes in the form of " Pieces of Eight ". George Washington 's Mountain Road Lottery in 1768 was unsuccessful, but these rare lottery tickets bearing Washington's signature became collectors' items; one example sold for about $ 15,000 in 2007. Washington was also a manager for Col. Bernard Moore 's "Slave Lottery" in 1769, which advertised land and slaves as prizes in The Virginia Gazette . At

805-634: A number of alternatives having their backends hosted on their own machines . Until its discontinuation, an example of such a product was Urchin WebAnalytics Software from Google itself. On January 20, 2015, the Associated Press reported that HealthCare.gov was providing access to enrollees' personal data to private companies that specialized in advertising , mentioning Google Analytics specifically. Additionally, in 2022, countries such as Austria, France, and Italy have prohibited

920-462: A prize. Some governments outlaw lotteries, while others endorse it to the extent of organizing a national or state lottery. It is common to find some degree of regulation of lottery by governments. The most common regulations are prohibition of sale to minors and licensing of ticket vendors. Although lotteries were common in the United States and some other countries during the 19th century, by

1035-409: A problem for log file analysis. If a person revisits a page, the second request will often be retrieved from the browser's cache, and so no request will be received by the web server. This means that the person's path through the site is lost. Caching can be defeated by configuring the web server, but this can result in degraded performance for the visitor and bigger load on the servers. Concerns about

1150-458: A profit for the state. Although the English probably first experimented with raffles and similar games of chance, the first recorded official lottery was chartered by Queen Elizabeth I , in the year 1566, and was drawn in 1569. The 400,000 tickets issued cost 10 shillings (£0.50) each (roughly three weeks of wages for ordinary citizens), with the grand prize worth roughly £5,000. This lottery

1265-553: A program to provide data on the popularity of the website. Thus arose web log analysis software . In the early 1990s, website statistics consisted primarily of counting the number of client requests (or hits ) made to the web server. This was a reasonable method initially since each website often consisted of a single HTML file. However, with the introduction of images in HTML, and websites that spanned multiple HTML files, this count became less useful. The first true commercial Log Analyzer

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1380-465: A result may incidentally trigger the same code that web analytics use to count traffic. Jointly, this incidental triggering of web analytics events impacts interpretability of data and inferences made upon that data. IPM provided a proof of concept of how Google Analytics as well as their competitors are easily triggered by common bot deployment strategies. Historically, vendors of page-tagging analytics solutions have used third-party cookies sent from

1495-483: A significant number—sometimes the majority—of visitors to avoid the tracker. One potential impact on data accuracy comes from users deleting or blocking Google Analytics cookies. Without cookies being set, Google Analytics cannot collect data. Any individual web user can block or delete cookies resulting in the data loss of those visits for Google Analytics users. Website owners can encourage users not to disable cookies by, for example, making visitors more comfortable using

1610-437: A site's transactions, revenue, and many other commerce-related metrics. On September 29, 2011, Google Analytics launched Real-Time analytics, enabling a user to have insights about visitors currently on the site. A user can have 100 site profiles. Each profile generally corresponds to one website . It is limited to sites that have online traffic of fewer than 5 million page views per month (roughly 2 page-views per second) unless

1725-544: A way to raise public funding for projects, and this led to the popular belief that lotteries were a form of hidden tax. At the end of the Revolutionary War the various states had to resort to lotteries to raise funds for numerous public projects. The first big lottery on German soil was held in 1614 in Hamburg . In Austria the first lottery was drawn in 1751, during the reign of Empress Maria Theresia , and

1840-527: Is a Malaysian company, which operates in the gambling sector. Founded and incorporated by the Malaysian Government in 1969, it was focused on the commercialisation of 4-Digits –based games. On 1 August 1985, the government in a non- tender privatisation , sold the company to businessman Vincent Tan who merged it into his Berjaya Group . Today, Sports Toto is a wholly owned subsidiary of Berjaya Sports Toto Berhad ( MYX : 1562), which

1955-413: Is a JavaScript tag set on a website, when the visitor switch from the website environment to a phone conversation, the tracking is lost, and the "call center" activity can not be directly linked to the initial visit or visitor. Third-party tools integrated with Google Analytics, are now capable of tracking customer journey from online to offline environments. There have been several online discussions about

2070-624: Is a national lottery. It is organized every year since 1812 by a branch of the Spanish Public Administration, now called Loterías y Apuestas del Estado. The name Sorteo de Navidad was used for the first time in 1892. The Spanish Christmas lottery is the second longest continuously running lottery in the world. This includes the years during the Spanish Civil War when the lottery draw was held in Valencia after

2185-530: Is a special type of web analytics that gives special attention to clicks . Commonly, click analytics focuses on on-site analytics. An editor of a website uses click analytics to determine the performance of his or her particular site, with regards to where the users of the site are clicking. Also, click analytics may happen real-time or "unreal"-time, depending on the type of information sought. Typically, front-page editors on high-traffic news media sites will want to monitor their pages in real-time, to optimize

2300-407: Is almost always performed in-house. Page tagging can be performed in-house, but it is more often provided as a third-party service. The economic difference between these two models can also be a consideration for a company deciding which to purchase. Which solution is cheaper to implement depends on the amount of technical expertise within the company, the vendor chosen, the amount of activity seen on

2415-594: Is currently on its 4th iteration—GA4. GA4 is the default Google Analytics installation and is the renamed version for the (App + Web) Property that Google released in 2019 in a Beta form. GA4 has also replaced Universal Analytics (UA). One notable feature of GA4 is a natural integration with Google's BigQuery —a feature previously only available with the enterprise GA 360. This move indicates efforts by Google to integrate GA and its free users into their wider cloud offering. As of July 1, 2023, Universal Analytics ceased collecting new data, with Google Analytics 4 succeeding it as

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2530-419: Is enabled in the browser, it downloads ga.js only once at the start of the visit. Furthermore, as all websites that implement Google Analytics with the ga.js code use the same master file from Google, a browser that has previously visited any other website running Google Analytics will already have the file cached on their machine. In addition to transmitting information to a Google server, the tracking code sets

2645-594: Is featured in Apple's app store . There are some third-party products that also provide Google Analytics-based tracking. The Management API, Core Reporting API, MCF Reporting API, and Real Time Reporting API are subject to limits and quotas. Google Analytics is the most widely used website statistics service. In May 2008, Pingdom released a survey stating that 161 of the 500 (32%) biggest sites globally according to their Alexa rank were using Google Analytics. A later piece of market share analysis claimed that Google Analytics

2760-493: Is known as the asynchronous tracking code, which Google claims is more sensitive and accurate, and is able to track very short activities on the website. The previous version delayed page loading, and so, for performance reasons, it was generally placed just before the </body> body close HTML tag. The new code can be placed between the <head> ... </head> HTML head tags because, once triggered, it runs in parallel with page loading. In April 2011 Google announced

2875-643: Is listed on the main market of Bursa Malaysia . It claims to be the largest operator in Malaysia of 4D-based games, with 680 sales outlets offering a total of 7 games. The Mexican Lotería Nacional dates back to the late 18th century. The goal of the Lotería is to create jobs and to "impulse the wealth redistribution process". The Lotería is also a member of the North American Association of State and Provincial Lotteries. As measured by

2990-406: Is operated by Allwyn Entertainment Ltd, who took over from the original operator Camelot Group in 2024. 28% of National Lottery revenue, along with all unclaimed prizes, are distributed as grants to charitable causes. 12% of the revenue from the National Lottery is expected to go to the government, 5% goes to lottery retailers, 5% is retained by the operator for operating costs, and 50% remains for

3105-534: Is possible to track visitors' locations. Using an IP geolocation database or API, visitors can be geolocated to city, region, or country level. IP Intelligence, or Internet Protocol (IP) Intelligence, is a technology that maps the Internet and categorizes IP addresses by parameters such as geographic location (country, region, state, city and postcode), connection type, Internet Service Provider (ISP), proxy information, and more. The first generation of IP Intelligence

3220-409: Is that the unique visitors for each day in a month do not add up to the same total as the unique visitors for that month. This appears to an inexperienced user to be a problem in whatever analytics software they are using. In fact it is a simple property of the metric definitions. The way to picture the situation is by imagining a hotel. The hotel has two rooms (Room A and Room B). As the table shows,

3335-405: Is the use of sampling in the generation of many of its reports. To reduce the load on their servers and to provide users with a relatively quick response to their query, Google Analytics limits reports to 500,000 randomly sampled sessions at the profile level for its calculations. While margins of error are indicated for the visits metric, margins of error are not provided for any other metrics in

3450-525: Is to show high-level, dashboard -type data for the casual user, and more in-depth data further into the report set. Google Analytics analysis can identify poorly performing pages with techniques such as funnel visualization, where visitors came from ( referrers ), how long they stayed on the website and their geographical position. It also provides more advanced features, including custom visitor segmentation. Google Analytics e-commerce reporting can track sales activity and performance. The e-commerce reports show

3565-428: Is usually used to understand how to market a site by identifying the keywords tagged to this site, either from social media or from other websites. The fundamental goal of web analytics is to collect and analyze data related to web traffic and usage patterns. The data mainly comes from four sources: Web servers record some of their transactions in a log file. It was soon realized that these log files could be read by

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3680-664: The Gambling Act 2005 , the maximum amount which can be won by a single ticket is £500,000, or 10% of the total draw proceeds. A minimum of 33% of the ticket price from players' subscriptions supports various trusts, which in turn fund local and international charities and community projects. Some £850 million have been donated. People's Postcode Lottery has a number of celebrity ambassadors, including David Attenborough , Judi Dench , Shobna Gulati , Tim Healy , Stephen Jardine , Ellen MacArthur , Aggie MacKenzie , Carey Mulligan , John Stapleton and Emma Thompson . The lottery

3795-516: The Virginia Company of London the right to raise money to help establish settlers in the first permanent English colony at Jamestown, Virginia . Lotteries in colonial America played a significant part in the financing of both private and public ventures. It has been recorded that more than 200 lotteries were sanctioned between 1744 and 1776, and played a major role in financing roads, libraries, churches, colleges, canals, bridges, etc. In

3910-736: The Western Canada Lottery Corporation (which serves Western and Northern Canada , excluding British Columbia ), and the British Columbia Lottery Corporation . The five regional lotteries are members of a consortium known as the Interprovincial Lottery Corporation , which administrates national games, including the flagship Lotto 6/49 and Lotto Max . The five lotteries offer draw games, scratch cards, and sports betting —the latter primarily under

4025-721: The 1740s, the foundation of Princeton and Columbia Universities was financed by lotteries, as was the University of Pennsylvania by the Academy Lottery in 1755. During the French and Indian Wars , several colonies used lotteries to help finance fortifications and their local militia. In May 1758, the Province of Massachusetts Bay raised money with a lottery for the "Expedition against Canada". Benjamin Franklin organized

4140-791: The 2011 round 41. The main victory at that time was with 7 correct results and the smallest victory with three actual and one additional number, the number of which was reduced from three to two. The lottery return percentage is 41.1. Another lottery game played in Finland is Vikinglotto , which can be played in all Nordic countries as well as in Estonia , Latvia and Lithuania . In Vikinglotto, six actual numbers and two additional numbers out of 48 are drawn. There are five winning categories: 6 correct, 5 + extra number, 5 correct, 4 correct and 3 correct. In Finland, an average of six million euros in winnings go unredeemed each year. A national lottery

4255-690: The Australian government started their own lottery, named the 'Golden Casket Art Union', with the intention of raising money for charities and projects. Its first draw is credited with raising funds for veterans of World War One. Lotteries in Canada are administered by five regional organizations; the Atlantic Lottery Corporation (which serves Atlantic Canada ), Loto-Québec , the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation ,

4370-552: The Calzabigi brothers (Giovanni and Ranieri). Casanova defended the project in a series of conversations with Madame de Pompadour , the French mathematician Jean d'Alembert , Joseph de Pâris Duverney, intendent of the École, and the French minister of foreign affair. Unlike modern lotteries where the state can never lose, in the French lottery the state could lose, but a wise choice of the payoff made losses so improbable as to ensure

4485-459: The English lotteries ran for over 250 years, until the government, under constant pressure from the opposition in Parliament, declared a final lottery in 1826. This lottery was held up to ridicule by contemporary commentators as "the last struggle of the speculators on public credulity for popularity to their last dying lottery". An English lottery, authorized by King James I in 1612, granted

4600-500: The GA4 anonymizes IP addresses of all users by default, meaning it's not possible to perform any changes for this setting. Google offers training for Google Analytics 4 (GA4) through its Skillshop platform, which includes four courses and a certification as of August 2024. For developers and those seeking in-depth technical details, Google provides detailed GA4 documentation. Announcements related to updates and new features for GA4 are made on

4715-497: The Google Analytics reports. For small segments of data, the margin of error can be very large. One of the biggest limitation of Google Analytics, is its inability to track and attribute offline conversions. Offline conversion tracking is required to measure the impact of online marketing campaigns in "offline" environments, such as Point of Sale, Call Centers, Affiliate Networks, or payment gateways. Since Google Analytics

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4830-588: The Google Marketing Platform Blog. Support for enterprise-level users is accessible via the Google Enterprise Marketing Portal. The official Google Analytics YouTube channel also hosts a range of video tutorials and insights. The Google Analytics API is used by third parties to build custom applications such as reporting tools. Many such applications exist. One was built to run on iOS (Apple) devices and

4945-451: The IP address is combined with the user agent in order to more accurately identify a visitor if cookies are not available. However, this only partially solves the problem because often users behind a proxy server have the same user agent. Other methods of uniquely identifying a user are technically challenging and would limit the trackable audience or would be considered suspicious. Cookies reach

5060-427: The IP address of the collection server. On occasion, delays in completing successful or failed DNS lookups may result in data not being collected. With the increasing popularity of Ajax -based solutions, an alternative to the use of an invisible image is to implement a call back to the server from the rendered page. In this case, when the page is rendered on the web browser, a piece of JavaScript code would call back to

5175-727: The Republicans were forced to relocate their capital from Madrid. After the overthrow of the Republican government the lottery continued uninterrupted under the Franco regime. Notable prizes on different continents are: (local currency) The first lottery in Australia took place in the 1880s in Sydney. It was a private sweepstakes that was quickly prohibited, despite being moved to other areas such as Queensland and Victoria. In 1916,

5290-520: The UK and Ireland), and The DAA (Digital Analytics Association), formally known as the WAA (Web Analytics Association, US). However, many terms are used in consistent ways from one major analytics tool to another, so the following list, based on those conventions, can be a useful starting point: Off-site web analytics is based on open data analysis, social media exploration, and share of voice on web properties. It

5405-404: The accuracy of log file analysis in the presence of caching, and the desire to be able to perform web analytics as an outsourced service, led to the second data collection method, page tagging or " web beacons ". In the mid-1990s, Web counters were commonly seen — these were images included in a web page that showed the number of times the image had been requested, which was an estimate of

5520-585: The acronym GA4. As of July 1, 2023, Universal Analytics ceased collecting new data, with Google Analytics 4 succeeding it as the primary analytics platform. Google had previously announced this transition in March 2022. While users had the option to use Universal Analytics up to the July 2023 deadline, no new data has been added to UA since its discontinuation. July 1, 2024: Standard Universal Analytics properties completely stopped processing data and users lost access to

5635-412: The analysts for the optimization of the websites are the experiments: The goal of A/B testing is to identify and suggest changes to web pages that increase or maximize the effect of a statistically tested result of interest. Each stage impacts or can impact (i.e., drives) the stage preceding or following it. So, sometimes the data that is available for collection impacts the online strategy. Other times,

5750-431: The assumption that a page view is a result of a click, and therefore log a simulated click that led to that page view. Customer lifecycle analytics is a visitor-centric approach to measuring. Page views, clicks and other events (such as API calls, access to third-party services, etc.) are all tied to an individual visitor instead of being stored as separate data points. Customer lifecycle analytics attempts to connect all

5865-489: The availability of a new version of Google Analytics featuring multiple dashboards, more custom report options, and a new interface design. This version was later updated with some other features such as real-time analytics and goal flow charts. In October 2012 another new version of Google Analytics was announced, called Universal Analytics. The key differences from the previous versions were: cross-platform tracking, flexible tracking code to collect data from any device, and

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5980-414: The beginning of the 20th century, most forms of gambling, including lotteries and sweepstakes , were illegal in the U.S. and most of Europe as well as many other countries. This remained so until well after World War II. In the 1960s, casinos and lotteries began to re-appear throughout the world as a means for governments to raise revenue without raising taxes. Lotteries come in many formats. For example,

6095-620: The brand Sport Select . The largest single jackpot record in Canadian lottery history was a Lotto Max drawing on January 7, 2020, for a jackpot of $ 70 million. In Finland, Veikkaus began selling lottery tickets in December 1970, and the first draw was televised on January 3, 1971. The lottery turned 40 on January 3, 2011, and by then the lottery had been drawn 2,126 times. Since then, there has been one lottery draw every week. Lottery game time usually ends on Saturday at 9:45 p.m., and

6210-578: The browser extension NoScript and the mobile phone app Disconnect Mobile can block the Google Analytics Tracking Code. This prevents some traffic and users from being tracked and leads to holes in the collected data. Also, privacy networks like Tor will mask the user's actual location and present inaccurate geographical data. A small fraction of users do not have JavaScript-enabled/capable browsers or turn this feature off. These limitations, mainly ad filtering programs, can allow

6325-425: The central problem of being vulnerable to manipulation (both inflation and deflation). This means these methods are imprecise and insecure (in any reasonable model of security). This issue has been addressed in several papers, but to date the solutions suggested in these papers remain theoretical. Lottery A lottery (or lotto ) is a form of gambling that involves the drawing of numbers at random for

6440-424: The content. Editors, designers or other types of stakeholders may analyze clicks on a wider time frame to help them assess performance of writers, design elements or advertisements etc. Data about clicks may be gathered in at least two ways. Ideally, a click is "logged" when it occurs, and this method requires some functionality that picks up relevant information when the event occurs. Alternatively, one may institute

6555-402: The data points into a marketing funnel that can offer insights into visitor behavior and website optimization . Common metrics used in customer lifecycle analytics include customer acquisition cost (CAC), customer lifetime value (CLV), customer churn rate , and customer satisfaction scores. Other methods of data collection are sometimes used. Packet sniffing collects data by sniffing

6670-532: The data. The first and traditional method, server log file analysis , reads the logfiles in which the web server records file requests by browsers. The second method, page tagging , uses JavaScript embedded in the webpage to make image requests to a third-party analytics-dedicated server, whenever a webpage is rendered by a web browser or, if desired, when a mouse click occurs. Both collect data that can be processed to produce web traffic reports. There are no globally agreed definitions within web analytics as

6785-475: The draw is usually held on Saturday at 10:15 p.m. Large public holidays on Saturdays may postpone the draw to Sunday. The lottery has two official supervisors; from 3 January 1971 to 29 September 2013, the lottery was televised on Yle TV1 , and in October 2013, the lottery draws were postponed on MTV3 after ten evening news, because according to FICORA , the sponsorship cooperation between Veikkaus and Yle

6900-569: The drawing of lots. The first known European lotteries were held during the Roman Empire , mainly as an amusement at dinner parties. Each guest would receive a ticket, and prizes would often consist of fancy items such as dinnerware. Every ticket holder would be assured of winning something. This type of lottery, however, was no more than the distribution of gifts by wealthy noblemen during the Saturnalian revelries. The earliest records of

7015-400: The engagement rate of individuals using the site, along with the information on the source of the traffic. It can be integrated with Google Ads , with which users can create and review online campaigns by tracking landing page quality and conversions (key events). Goals might include sales, lead generation, viewing a specific page, or downloading a particular file. Google Analytics' approach

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7130-470: The hotel has two unique users each day over three days. The sum of the totals with respect to the days is therefore six. During the period each room has had two unique users. The sum of the totals with respect to the rooms is therefore four. Actually only three visitors have been in the hotel over this period. The problem is that a person who stays in a room for two nights will get counted twice if they are counted once on each day, but are only counted once if

7245-412: The impact of Google Analytics on site performance. However, Google introduced asynchronous JavaScript code in December 2009 to reduce the risk of slowing the loading of pages tagged with the ga.js script. Due to its ubiquity, Google Analytics raises some privacy concerns. Whenever someone visits a website that uses Google Analytics, Google tracks that visit via the user's IP address in order to determine

7360-506: The industry bodies have been trying to agree on definitions that are useful and definitive for some time, that is saying, metrics in tools and products from different companies may have different ways to measure, counting, as a result, a same metric name may represent different meaning of data. The main bodies who have had input in this area have been the IAB (Interactive Advertising Bureau), JICWEBS (The Joint Industry Committee for Web Standards in

7475-406: The interface and API. There is a one-time exception for Google Analytics 360 customers, whose access ends on that date as well. Google Analytics is implemented with " page tags ", in this case, called the Google Analytics Tracking Code, which is a snippet of JavaScript code that the website owner adds to every page of the website. The tracking code runs in the client browser when the client browses

7590-438: The introduction of custom dimensions and custom metrics. In March 2016, Google released Google Analytics 360 , which is a software suite that provides analytics on return on investment and other marketing indicators. Google Analytics 360 includes seven main products: Analytics, Tag Manager, Optimize, Data Studio, Surveys, Attribution, and Audience Center. In October 2017 a new methodology to collect data for Google Analytics

7705-665: The lottery's structure was designed to contravene British law regarding lotteries. In the UK, winning the lottery is correlated to expressing more preference for the Conservative Party . Winning larger prizes results in a larger shift in favor of the Conservative Party. People's Postcode Lottery is a subscription lottery in the UK. The format was introduced by Dutch company Novamedia BV : players pay at minimum £10 monthly to play, and winning postcodes are announced daily. In accordance with restrictions under

7820-441: The lowest common denominator without using technologies regarded as spyware and having cookies enabled/active leads to security concerns. Third-party information gathering is subject to any network limitations and security applied. Countries, Service Providers and Private Networks can prevent site visit data from going to third parties. All the methods described above (and some other methods not mentioned here, like sampling) have

7935-525: The modern-day stockbrokers for various commercial ventures. Most people could not afford the entire cost of a lottery ticket, so the brokers would sell shares in a ticket; this resulted in tickets being issued with a notation such as "Sixteenth" or "Third Class". Many private lotteries were held, including raising money for the Virginia Company of London to support its settlement in America at Jamestown. The English State Lottery ran from 1694 until 1826. Thus,

8050-405: The network traffic passing between the web server and the outside world. Packet sniffing involves no changes to the web pages or web servers. Integrating web analytics into the webserver software itself is also possible. Both these methods claim to provide better real-time data than other methods. The hotel problem is generally the first problem encountered by a user of web analytics. The problem

8165-403: The number of visits to that page. In the late 1990s, this concept evolved to include a small invisible image instead of a visible one, and, by using JavaScript, to pass along with the image request certain information about the page and the visitor. This information can then be processed remotely by a web analytics company, and extensive statistics generated. The web analytics service also manages

8280-462: The number of €20 tickets available was reduced from 180 million to 160 million, reducing the potential maximum prize pool to €2.24 billion (70% of ticket sales), with a maximum potential El Gordo of €720 million. A lottery was first held in Thailand (then known as Siam ) in 1874 during the reign of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), as part of an international fair organised for his birthday. A lottery

8395-465: The online strategy affects the data collected. There are at least two categories of web analytics, off-site and on-site web analytics. In the past, web analytics has been used to refer to on-site visitor measurement. However, this meaning has become blurred, mainly because vendors are producing tools that span both categories. Many different vendors provide on-site web analytics software and services . There are two main technical ways of collecting

8510-401: The option of using first-party cookies (cookies assigned from the client subdomain). Another problem is cookie deletion. When web analytics depend on cookies to identify unique visitors, the statistics are dependent on a persistent cookie to hold a unique visitor ID. When users delete cookies, they usually delete both first- and third-party cookies. If this is done between interactions with

8625-621: The outset of the Revolutionary War, the Continental Congress used lotteries to raise money to support the Colonial Army. Alexander Hamilton wrote that lotteries should be kept simple, and that "Everybody ... will be willing to hazard a trifling sum for the chance of considerable gain ... and would prefer a small chance of winning a great deal to a great chance of winning little". Taxes had never been accepted as

8740-538: The page (if JavaScript is enabled in the browser) and collects visitor data and sends it to a Google data collection server as part of a request for a web beacon . The tracking code loads a larger JavaScript file from the Google web server and then sets variables with the user's account number. The larger file (currently known as ga.js) was typically 40 kB as of May 2018. The file does not usually have to be loaded, however, due to browser caching. Assuming caching

8855-620: The poor or in order to raise funds for a wide range of public usages. The lotteries proved very popular and were hailed as a painless form of taxation . The Dutch state-owned Staatsloterij is the oldest running lottery (1726). The English word lottery is derived from the Dutch noun "lot" meaning "fate". The first recorded Italian lottery was held on 9 January 1449 in Milan organized by the Golden Ambrosian Republic to finance

8970-477: The poor. The town records of Ghent , Utrecht , and Bruges indicate that lotteries may be even older. A record dated 9 May 1445 at L'Ecluse refers to raising funds to build walls and town fortifications, with a lottery of 4,304 tickets and total prize money of 1737 florins (worth about US$ 170,000 in 2014). In the 17th century it was quite usual in the Netherlands to organize lotteries to collect money for

9085-598: The possibility of multiple winners. The first recorded signs of a lottery are keno slips from the Chinese Han dynasty between 205 and 187 BC. These lotteries are believed to have helped to finance major government projects like the Great Wall of China . From the Chinese Book of Songs (2nd millennium BC.) comes a reference to a game of chance as "the drawing of wood", which in context appears to describe

9200-435: The primary analytics platform. Google had previously announced this change in March 2022. While users had the ability to use Universal Analytics up to the July 2023 deadline, no new data has been added to UA since its sunset. On July 1, 2024, all users, including GA 360, will lose access to all Universal Analytics properties. Google Analytics is used to track website activity such as session duration, pages per session and

9315-418: The prize can be a fixed amount of cash or goods. In this format, there is risk to the organizer if insufficient tickets are sold. More commonly, the prize fund will be a fixed percentage of the receipts. A popular form of this is the "50–50" draw, where the organizers promise that the prize will be 50% of the revenue. Many recent lotteries allow purchasers to select the numbers on the lottery ticket, resulting in

9430-429: The process of assigning a cookie to the user, which can uniquely identify them during their visit and in subsequent visits. Cookie acceptance rates vary significantly between websites and may affect the quality of data collected and reported. Collecting website data using a third-party data collection server (or even an in-house data collection server) requires an additional DNS lookup by the user's computer to determine

9545-626: The realization of Google scripts tracking user behavior has spawned the production of multiple, often open-source , browser plug-ins to reject tracking cookies. These plug-ins allow users to block Google Analytics and similar sites from tracking their activities. Many browsers allow users to reject third-party cookies and tracking scripts, in some cases this is the default option. It has been anecdotally reported that errors can occur behind proxy servers and multiple firewalls, changing timestamps and registering invalid searches. Webmasters who seek to mitigate Google Analytics' specific privacy issues can employ

9660-607: The server and pass information about the client that can then be aggregated by a web analytics company. Both logfile analysis programs and page tagging solutions are readily available to companies that wish to perform web analytics. In some cases, the same web analytics company will offer both approaches. The question then arises of which method a company should choose. There are advantages and disadvantages to each approach. The main advantages of log file analysis over page tagging are as follows: The main advantages of page tagging over log file analysis are as follows: Logfile analysis

9775-517: The service which lets webmaster tools track and analyze their site traffic. The government stated in its decisions that information are collected via cookies and transmitted to the United States could potentially be seen by third parties and the government which could breach GDPR as users are not ensured due process for redress. The new version of Google Analytics, also known as GA4, is equipped with deeper anonymization of user data through which

9890-431: The service, new sign-ups were suspended a week later. As capacity was added to the system, Google began using a lottery -type invitation-code model. Before August 2006, Google was sending out batches of invitation codes as server availability permitted; since mid-August 2006 the service has been fully available to all users – whether they use Google for advertising or not. The newer version of Google Analytics tracking code

10005-771: The site is linked to a Google Ads campaign. Google Analytics includes Google Website Optimizer , re-branded as Google Analytics Content Experiments . Google Analytics' Cohort analysis helps in understanding the behavior of component groups of users apart from your user population. It is beneficial to marketers and analysts for the successful implementation of a marketing strategy. The latest version of Google Analytics, commonly referred as GA4, encompasses additional features focusing on predictions, customizability, and privacy. Some of these features can be listed as: Google acquired Urchin Software Corp. in April 2005. Google's service

10120-490: The site through posting a privacy policy . As a user navigates between web pages, Google Analytics provides website owners JavaScript tags (libraries) to record information about the page a user has seen, for example the URL of the page. Google analytics JavaScript libraries uses HTTP cookies, with which it remembers what a user has done on previous pages and his interactions. Another limitation of Google Analytics for large websites

10235-400: The site, the user will appear as a first-time visitor at their next interaction point. Without a persistent and unique visitor id, conversions, click-stream analysis, and other metrics dependent on the activities of a unique visitor over time, cannot be accurate. Cookies are used because IP addresses are not always unique to users and may be shared by large groups or proxies. In some cases,

10350-673: The top price now up to 32 million baht . Shrines of local folklore and popular religion , such as Nang Ta-Khian , are often propitiated in order to be lucky in the Thai lottery draw. The principal lottery in the United Kingdom is the National Lottery , a state-franchised lottery sanctioned by the Gambling Commission (formerly the National Lottery Commission ), and established in 1994. It

10465-435: The total for the period is looked at. Any software for web analytics will sum these correctly for the chosen time period, thus leading to the problem when a user tries to compare the totals. As the internet has matured, the proliferation of automated bot traffic has become an increasing problem for the reliability of web analytics. As bots traverse the internet, they render web documents in ways similar to organic users, and as

10580-492: The total prize fund of which 5% is diverted to a Super Draw fund, leaving 45% for normal prizes. Northern & Shell also operates a commercial lottery known as The Health Lottery , which distributes its revenue to support health-related charities and causes. To comply with the Gambling Act, which forbids other parties from operating a national lottery, The Health Lottery operates as an umbrella corporation representing

10695-539: The total prize payout, the Spanish Christmas Lottery is considered the biggest lottery worldwide. In 2012, if all of the tickets had been sold, the total amount payout of prizes would have been worth €2.52 billion (70% of ticket sales). The total amount of all prizes of the first category called El Gordo ("the fat one") was €720 million which was distributed among 180 winning tickets (billetes) that win €4 million each. For 2013, due to falling demand,

10810-444: The training of a suitable in-house person. A cost-benefit analysis can then be performed. For example, what revenue increase or cost savings can be gained by analyzing the web visitor data? Some companies produce solutions that collect data through both log files and page tagging and can analyze both kinds. By using a hybrid method, they aim to produce more accurate statistics than either method on its own. With IP geolocation , it

10925-419: The user's approximate geographic location. To meet German legal requirements, Google Analytics can anonymize the IP address. Google has also released a browser plug-in that turns off data about a page visit being sent to Google, however, this browser extension is not available for mobile browsers. Since this plug-in is produced and distributed by Google itself, it has met much discussion and criticism. Furthermore,

11040-516: The vendor's domain instead of the domain of the website being browsed. Third-party cookies can handle visitors who cross multiple unrelated domains within the company's site, since the cookie is always handled by the vendor's servers. However, third-party cookies in principle allow tracking an individual user across the sites of different companies, allowing the analytics vendor to collate the user's activity on sites where he provided personal information with his activity on other sites where he thought he

11155-805: The visitor to the page (e.g., search engine , keywords, banner, or email ). If the visitor arrived at the site by clicking on a link tagged with UTM parameters (Urchin Tracking Module) such as: https://www.example.com/page? utm_content=buffercf3b2&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer then the tag values are passed to the database too. In addition, Google Analytics for Mobile Package allows Google Analytics to be applied to mobile websites. The Mobile Package contains server-side tracking codes that use PHP , JavaServer Pages , ASP.NET , or Perl for its server-side language. However, many ad filtering programs and extensions such as Firefox 's Enhanced Tracking Protection,

11270-537: The war against the Republic of Venice . However, it was in Genoa that Lotto became very popular. People used to bet on the name of Great Council members, who were drawn by chance , five out of ninety candidates every six months. This kind of gambling was called Lotto or Semenaiu . When people wanted to bet more frequently than twice a year, they began to substitute the candidates names with numbers and modern lotto

11385-425: The websites, the depth and type of information sought, and the number of distinct websites needing statistics. Regardless of the vendor solution or data collection method employed, the cost of web visitor analysis and interpretation should also be included. That is, the cost of turning raw data into actionable information. This can be from the use of third party consultants, the hiring of an experienced web analyst, or

11500-645: The world thanks to online lottery agents and bookkeepers. Some states have tried to combat this with different measures. The state government of Tamil Nadu decided to ban GooglePay since it allows payments to online lotteries and awards its users in India with Scratchcards . Indian lotteries provide a substantial economic boost for the states that provide them. In the fiscal year 2017–2018 Kerala collected GST worth Rs 908 crore and state revenue of Rs 1,691 crore. Lottery industry start operated in Malaysia on early 1969 by Berjaya Group . Sports Toto Malaysia Sdn Bhd

11615-546: Was a fiasco, since the tickets were very costly and the social classes which could afford them opposed the project. Between 1757 and 1836, for a period of about 80 years with some interruption during the French Revolution , the French state ran a profitable Loterie . The project was born out a series of initiatives to fund the École militaire . Instrumental to the birth of the Loterie were Giacomo Casanova and

11730-503: Was announced, called Global Site Tag , or gTag.js. Its stated purpose was to unify the tagging system to simplify implementation. This new tag type is an alternative to the existing Analytics.js tag type or Google Tag Manager. In June 2018, Google introduced Google Marketing Platform , an online advertisement and analytics brand. It consists of two former brands of Google, DoubleClick Digital Marketing and Google Analytics 360. In October 2020, Google released Google Analytics 4, under

11845-468: Was anonymous. Although web analytics companies deny doing this, other companies such as companies supplying banner ads have done so. Privacy concerns about cookies have therefore led a noticeable minority of users to block or delete third-party cookies. In 2005, some reports showed that about 28% of Internet users blocked third-party cookies and 22% deleted them at least once a month. Most vendors of page tagging solutions have now moved to provide at least

11960-518: Was born, to which both modern legal lotteries and the illegal numbers game can trace their ancestry. King Francis I of France discovered the lotteries during his campaigns in Italy and decided to organize such a lottery in his kingdom to help the state finances. The first French lottery, the Loterie Royale , was held in 1539 and was authorized with the edict of Châteaurenard . This attempt

12075-509: Was designed to raise money for the "reparation of the havens and strength of the Realme, and towardes such other publique good workes", including the rebuilding of ports and new ships for the royal fleet. Each ticket holder won a prize, and the total value of the prizes equalled the money raised. Prizes were in the form of both "ready money" and valuable commodities such as silver plate, tapestries, and fine linen cloth. Additionally, each participant

12190-484: Was developed from Urchin on Demand . The system also brings ideas from Adaptive Path, whose product, Measure Map, was acquired and used in the redesign of Google Analytics in 2006. Google continued to sell the standalone, installable Urchin WebAnalytics Software through a network of value-added resellers until discontinuation on March 28, 2012. The Google-branded version was rolled out in November 2005 to anyone who wished to sign up. However, due to extremely high demand for

12305-515: Was granted immunity from one arrest, "so long as the crime wasn't piracy, murder, felonies, or treason." The lottery was promoted by scrolls posted throughout the country showing sketches of the prizes. Thus, the lottery money received was an interest-free loan to the government during the three years that the tickets ('without any Blankes') were sold. In later years, the government sold the lottery ticket rights to brokers, who in turn hired agents and runners to sell them. These brokers eventually became

12420-458: Was illegal. In the current lottery played in Finland, the player chooses seven numbers between 1 and 40 (initially, until the autumn of 1980, six numbers between 1 and 40 were chosen, then for a few years seven numbers between 1 and 37 and then seven numbers between 1 and 39). In the draw, seven numbers and one (previously three and then two) additional numbers are drawn; the line price is 1 euro. The profit categories were changed, for example, from

12535-729: Was named Lotto di Genova since it was based on 90 numbers. Spain offers a wealth of lottery games, the majority of which are operated by Loterías y Apuestas del Estado with the remaining lotteries operated by the ONCE and the Catalan government. The first Spanish lottery game was played back in 1763 and, over the last two centuries, playing the lottery in Spain has developed into a tradition. The Spanish Christmas Lottery (officially Sorteo Extraordinario de Navidad [soɾˈteo ekstɾaorðiˈnaɾjo ðe naβiˈðað] or simply Lotería de Navidad [loteˈɾia ðe naβiˈðað])

12650-515: Was organised in 1917 by the British government with Thai consent to help finance Britain's war effort. Lotteries were held intermittently until 1933, when they became regularised under the finance department. The present Thai lottery is managed by The Government Lottery Office, a state enterprise managed by the Ministry of Finance . The drawings take place on the 1st and 16th of each month, with

12765-465: Was referred to as geotargeting or geolocation technology. This information is used by businesses for online audience segmentation in applications such as online advertising , behavioral targeting , content localization (or website localization ), digital rights management , personalization , online fraud detection, localized search, enhanced analytics, global traffic management, and content distribution. Click analytics , also known as Clickstream

12880-1004: Was reintroduced in 1933. There are many lotteries in India. All lotteries are run by state governments but only 13 of the 28 Indian states allow them. The leader within Indian lotteries is the Kerala State Government that started their lottery department in 1967 following the country wide ban on private lotteries. The Kerala State Lotteries became an inspiration for other Indian states that started their own lotteries. As of right now lotteries are available in Kerala , Goa , Maharashtra , Madhya Pradesh , Punjab , West Bengal , Assam , Arunachal Pradesh , Meghalaya , Manipur , Sikkim , Nagaland and Mizoram . The public ban on lotteries in other states has not been very effective since several lottery providers allow Indians to play online. Indian players can play lotteries from all over

12995-418: Was released by IPRO in 1994. Two units of measure were introduced in the mid-1990s to gauge more accurately the amount of human activity on web servers. These were page views and visits (or sessions ). A page view was defined as a request made to the web server for a page, as opposed to a graphic, while a visit was defined as a sequence of requests from a uniquely identified client that expired after

13110-531: Was the subject of a Channel 4 documentary, The Welsh Valley That Won the Lottery , about the residents of Rhymney who won in May 2022. Lotteries are operated at the state level in the U.S.; 45 states and 3 territories operate state lotteries, and nearly all of them are members of consortiums that operate regional games, and the two near-national games Mega Millions and Powerball . In November 2022, Powerball set

13225-577: Was used by around 49.95% of the top 1,000,000 websites (as ranked in 2010 by Alexa Internet ). In 2012, its use was around 55% of the 10,000 most popular websites. And as of April 2022, Google Analytics was used by 73.7% of the 10,000 most popular websites ordered by popularity, as reported by BuiltWith. As of August 2023, the newer version, Google Analytics 4 (GA4), is used by approximately 13.5 million websites. Web analytics Most web analytics processes come down to four essential stages or steps, which are: Another essential function developed by

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