Misplaced Pages

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34-618: IGoogle (formerly Google Personalized Homepage ) was a customizable Ajax -based start page or personal web portal launched by Google in May 2005. It was discontinued on November 1, 2013, because the company believed the need for it had eroded over time. As of October 17, 2007, Google had made the service available in many localized versions in 42 languages, and in over 70 country domain-names. In February 2007, 7.1 million people used iGoogle. In April 2008, 20% of all visits to Google's homepage used iGoogle. iGoogle gadgets interacted with

68-461: A URL (this could be done indirectly via the gadget registry). Users will appear in the registry if the gadget has been submitted to iGoogle). iGoogle Gadget is the part of Google Gadgets API. Gadgets were rendered as an iframe . Security constraints will be present, preventing users from damaging the portal and other gadgets. Users communicate with other gadgets via a remote call to a common third party server. Google also allows all users to create

102-419: A control for the test. Further, there was no information on how long the test would continue. On the main discussion thread, almost 600 users expressed dissatisfaction with the new version and with the inability to opt out. On October 16, 2008, Google announced the release of a new version of iGoogle and retired its older format. The release did not initially include the persistent chat widget . It did include

136-407: A server asynchronously (in the background) without interfering with the display and behaviour of the existing page. By decoupling the data interchange layer from the presentation layer, Ajax allows web pages and, by extension, web applications, to change content dynamically without the need to reload the entire page. In practice, modern implementations commonly utilize JSON instead of XML. Ajax

170-471: A JavaScript program which is then executed. The expression result, if any, is treated as the HTML source code for a new page displayed in place of the original. The executing script has access to the current page, which it may inspect and change. If the script returns an undefined type (rather than, for example, a string), the browser will not load a new page, with the result that the script simply runs against

204-412: A Web application that communicates with a server in the background, without interfering with the current state of the page. In the article that coined the term Ajax, Jesse James Garrett explained that the following technologies are incorporated: Since then, however, there have been a number of developments in the technologies used in an Ajax application, and in the definition of the term Ajax itself. XML

238-518: A crucial role in modern web development. One key advantage of Ajax is its capacity to render web applications without requiring data retrieval, resulting in reduced server traffic. This optimization minimizes response times on both the server and client sides, eliminating the need for users to endure loading screens. Furthermore, Ajax facilitates asynchronous processing by simplifying the utilization of XmlHttpRequest, which enables efficient handling of requests for asynchronous data retrieval. Additionally,

272-473: A service provider's control. A workaround to restore the original tab layout was found by attaching "?gl=all" to the end of the iGoogle URL. On June 4, 2009, this workaround was eliminated. Within days, another workaround was discovered. Changing the URL ending to "?hl=all" would again restore the original tab layout, with some missing links across the top of the home page, including "Maps" and "more". This workaround

306-703: A simple Ajax request using the GET method, written in JavaScript . get-ajax-data.js: send-ajax-data.php: Fetch is a native JavaScript API. According to Google Developers Documentation , "Fetch makes it easier to make web requests and handle responses than with the older XMLHttpRequest." Fetch relies on JavaScript promises . The fetch specification differs from Ajax in the following significant ways: Ajax offers several benefits that can significantly enhance web application performance and user experience. By reducing server traffic and improving speed, Ajax plays

340-634: A special gadget that does not require the use of the Gadgets API. The gadgets are designed to be shared with friends and family. The special gadgets must be created using an online wizard and must belong to one of the following types: Some of the developer-made gadgets include: There is a "You might also like" gadget where you can look at similar gadgets to ones you already have. With iGoogle, users could select unique themes for their Google homepages; some themes were designed by Google itself and others by third parties. On July 8, 2008, Google announced

374-596: A wide deployment of standards-compliant, cross browser Ajax with Gmail (2004) and Google Maps (2005). In October 2004 Kayak.com 's public beta release was among the first large-scale e-commerce uses of what their developers at that time called "the xml http thing". This increased interest in Ajax among web program developers. The term AJAX was publicly used on 18 February 2005 by Jesse James Garrett in an article titled Ajax: A New Approach to Web Applications , based on techniques used on Google pages. On 5 April 2006,

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408-433: Is no longer required for data interchange and, therefore, XSLT is no longer required for the manipulation of data. JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is often used as an alternative format for data interchange, although other formats such as preformatted HTML or plain text can also be used. A variety of popular JavaScript libraries, including JQuery , include abstractions to assist in executing Ajax requests. An example of

442-462: Is not a technology, but rather a programming concept. HTML and CSS can be used in combination to mark up and style information. The webpage can be modified by JavaScript to dynamically display (and allow the user to interact with) the new information. The built-in XMLHttpRequest object is used to execute Ajax on webpages, allowing websites to load content onto the screen without refreshing

476-461: Is that the latter kind of URL uses an expression that evaluates to the undefined type in JS. I added the void operator to JS before Netscape 2 shipped to make it easy to discard any non-undefined value in a javascript: URL. The increased implementation of Content Security Policy (CSP) in websites has caused problems with bookmarklet execution and usage (2013-2015), with some suggesting that this hails

510-401: The href attribute of the < a > tag and for bookmarks. The URI scheme, such as http or ftp , and which generally specifies the protocol , determines the format of the rest of the string. Browsers also implement javascript: URIs that to a parser is just like any other URI. The browser recognizes the specified javascript scheme and treats the rest of the string as

544-486: The javascript: URL along with JavaScript in 1995, and intended that javascript: URLs could be used as any other kind of URL, including being bookmark-able. In particular, I made it possible to generate a new document by loading, e.g. javascript:'hello, world' , but also (key for bookmarklets) to run arbitrary script against the DOM of the current document, e.g. javascript:alert(document.links[0].href) . The difference

578-551: The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) released the first draft specification for the XMLHttpRequest object in an attempt to create an official Web standard . The latest draft of the XMLHttpRequest object was published on 6 October 2016, and the XMLHttpRequest specification is now a living standard . The term Ajax has come to represent a broad group of Web technologies that can be used to implement

612-719: The Microsoft Outlook Web Access team developed the concept behind the XMLHttpRequest scripting object. It appeared as XMLHTTP in the second version of the MSXML library, which shipped with Internet Explorer 5.0 in March 1999. The functionality of the Windows XMLHTTP ActiveX control in IE 5 was later implemented by Mozilla Firefox , Safari , Opera , Google Chrome , and other browsers as

646-659: The XMLHttpRequest JavaScript object. Microsoft adopted the native XMLHttpRequest model as of Internet Explorer 7 . The ActiveX version is still supported in Internet Explorer, but not in Microsoft Edge . The utility of these background HTTP requests and asynchronous Web technologies remained fairly obscure until it started appearing in large scale online applications such as Outlook Web Access (2000) and Oddpost (2002). Google made

680-412: The beginning of a testing period for a new version of iGoogle which altered some features, including replacing the tabs with left navigation, adding chat functionality, and a canvas-view gadget for RSS . Users were selected for this test and notified when they logged in by a link to a brief description and further links to forums. On the forums, it was explained by Google staff that there was no opt-out, as

714-399: The browser reloaded a page because of a partial change, all the content had to be re-sent, even though only some of the information had changed. This placed additional load on the server and made bandwidth a limiting factor in performance. In 1996, the iframe tag was introduced by Internet Explorer ; like the object element, it can load a part of the web page asynchronously. In 1998,

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748-407: The browser. For example, they can: "Installing" a bookmarklet allows you to quickly access and run JavaScript programs with a single click from your browser's bookmarks bar. Follow these detailed steps to install a bookmarklet: To use the bookmarklet, simply click on its icon or name in your bookmarks bar. The JavaScript code will execute immediately on the current webpage you are viewing. Make sure

782-456: The current page content. This permits changes such as in-place font size and color changes without a page reload. An immediately invoked function that returns no value or an expression preceded by the void operator will prevent the browser from attempting to parse the result of the evaluation as a snippet of HTML markup: Bookmarklets are saved and used as normal bookmarks. As such, they are simple "one-click" tools which add functionality to

816-499: The dynamic loading of content enhances the application's performance significantly. Besides, Ajax enjoys broad support across all major web browsers, including Microsoft Internet Explorer versions 5 and above, Mozilla Firefox versions 1.0 and beyond, Opera versions 7.6 and above, and Apple Safari versions 1.2 and higher. Bookmarklets Another name for bookmarklet is favelet or favlet , derived from favorites (synonym of bookmark). Steve Kangas of bookmarklets.com coined

850-701: The end or death of bookmarklets. William Donnelly created a work-around solution for this problem (in the specific instance of loading, referencing and using JavaScript library code) in early 2015 using a Greasemonkey userscript ( Firefox / Pale Moon browser add-on extension) and a simple bookmarklet-userscript communication protocol . It allows (library-based) bookmarklets to be executed on any and all websites, including those using CSP and having an https:// URI scheme. Note, however, that if/when browsers support disabling/disallowing inline script execution using CSP, and if/when websites begin to implement that feature, it will "break" this "fix". Web browsers use URIs for

884-405: The erosion of the need for the site." iGoogle was retired on November 1, 2013, with the mobile version being retired on July 31, 2012. Since Google announced its discontinuation of iGoogle, several alternatives appeared, many of which are still online (as of June 2017). A later feature in 2022 tested a revised Google.com home page with customizable widgets at the bottom of the screen, this

918-415: The left navigation in place of tabs as well as a change to widget controls, however. The stated purpose was to prepare for OpenSocial , with the new canvas view stated as playing an important role in that. InformationWeek reported "a vocal group of users" as unhappy with the changes, pointing out that many users do not want change forced on them, and that this is a general problem with cloud software under

952-410: The page. Ajax is not a new technology, nor is it a new language. Instead, it is existing technologies used in a new way. In the early-to-mid 1990s, most Websites were based on complete HTML pages. Each user action required a complete new page to be loaded from the server. This process was inefficient, as reflected by the user experience: all page content disappeared, then the new page appeared. Each time

986-638: The same effect on the Google product ideas page. Other solutions had come to the fore, which require adds-ons, greasemonkey scripts or bookmarklets . On October 14, 2011, Google announced through its official blog that with its new focus on Google+ , the ability to interact socially on iGoogle would be disabled on January 15, 2012, and the mobile version of iGoogle would be shut down on July 31, 2012. On July 3, 2012, Google announced on its blog that several of its services, including iGoogle, would be retired due to "the unforeseen evolution of web and mobile apps and

1020-541: The user and used the Google Gadgets API . Some gadgets for Google Desktop could also be used within iGoogle. The Google Gadgets API was public and allowed anyone to develop a gadget for any need. The API allowed developers to create widgets (web plugin , portlet , webpart) to run in users' iGoogle pages or other web pages quickly and easily. Users had the ability to add a gadget to their iGoogle portal, or have it coded into their own website, by specifying

1054-410: The webpage is fully loaded before using the bookmarklet for optimal performance. This example bookmarklet performs a Misplaced Pages search on any highlighted text in the web browser window. In normal use, the following JavaScript code would be installed to a bookmark in a browser bookmarks toolbar. From then on, after selecting any text, clicking the bookmarklet performs the search. Bookmarklets can modify

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1088-467: The word bookmarklet when he started to create short scripts based on a suggestion in Netscape's JavaScript guide. Before that, Tantek Çelik called these scripts favelets and used that word as early as on 6 September 2001 (personal email ). Brendan Eich , who developed JavaScript at Netscape, gave this account of the origin of bookmarklets: They were a deliberate feature in this sense: I invented

1122-543: Was again eliminated on November 18, 2009. This led to an immediate resurrection of the controversy over user choice, both in the UK and worldwide, as many people unhappy with the new layout imposed on US users had switched to the UK Google site where the workarounds still worked. Within hours, the most frequently asked question on the help forum was how to restore the old layout, and there was a large number of feature suggestions to

1156-410: Was compared to iGoogle. As of November 2024, this feature had not launched. Ajax (programming) Ajax (also AJAX / ˈ eɪ dʒ æ k s / ; short for " asynchronous JavaScript and XML " ) is a set of web development techniques that uses various web technologies on the client-side to create asynchronous web applications . With Ajax, web applications can send and retrieve data from

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