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45-567: George Francis Dow and owner John Goodale designed and built the original 1702 portion of the Goodale Homestead in what was then Marlborough, Massachusetts . When Goodale died in 1752, the house passed to his only son Nathan Goodale. At least five generations of notable Goodales were born or lived at the homestead, including Nathan's only son Abner Goodale, a captain in the American Revolutionary War who fought at

90-537: A cultural district. Marlborough is located near the intersection of Routes 495, 290, 20 and the Massachusetts Turnpike. It is connected to neighboring towns and cities by MWRTA. Marlborough is served by Two Interstate , one U.S Highway and one state highways : Ghost Light Players is a 501(c)(3) charitable organization based in Marlborough. The group has been performing in and around

135-449: A noun, that it must be a purely linguistic characterization. Anthropological linguists have conversely argued the strong connection between animacy and items viewed as having spiritual importance. Another important distinction involves the contrast between nouns marked as proximate and those marked as obviative . Proximate nouns are those deemed most central or important to the discourse, while obviative nouns are those less important to

180-459: A single word. Ex: ( Menominee ) paehtāwāēwesew "He is heard by higher powers" ( paeht - 'hear', - āwāē - 'spirit', - wese - passivizer, - w third-person subject) or ( Plains Cree ) kāstāhikoyahk "it frightens us". These languages have been extensively studied by Leonard Bloomfield , Ives Goddard , and others. Algonquian nouns have an animate/inanimate contrast: some nouns are classed as animate , while all other nouns are inanimate . There

225-604: Is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts , United States. The population was 41,793 at the 2020 census . Marlborough became a prosperous industrial town in the 19th century and made the transition to high technology industry in the late 20th century after the construction of the Massachusetts Turnpike . It is part of the Worcester metropolitan area. Marlborough was declared a town in 1660, and

270-584: Is commonly known as Greater Boston’s outer circumferential highway – is a strategic land usage format comparable to the city of Waltham , which itself has many office parks adjacent to the region’s inner circumferential highway of Massachusetts State Route 128 . The Marlborough Center Historic District – focused primarily on Main Street in the heart of the city’s downtown area – features restaurants, hair salons, barber shops, insurance agencies and many other businesses. The Marlborough Regional Chamber of Commerce

315-693: Is compatible with the proposal from J.P. Denny (1991) that Proto-Algonquian people may have moved east from the Plateau region of Idaho and Oregon or the Rocky Mountain-Great Plains boundary of Montana , dropping off subgroups as people migrated. Goddard also points out that there is clear evidence for pre-historical contact between Eastern Algonquian and Cree-Montagnais, as well as between Cheyenne and Arapaho–Gros Ventre. There has long been especially extensive back-and-forth influence between Cree and Ojibwe. It has been suggested that

360-479: Is located at 42°21′3″N 71°32′51″W  /  42.35083°N 71.54750°W  / 42.35083; -71.54750 (42.350909, −71.547530). According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 22.2 square miles (57 km ), of which 21.1 square miles (55 km ) is land and 1.1 square miles (2.8 km ) (4.87%) is water. The Assabet River cuts across

405-405: Is ongoing debate over whether there is a semantic significance to the categorization of nouns as animate or inanimate, with scholars arguing for it as either a clearly semantic issue, or a purely syntactic issue, along with a variety of arguments in between. More structurally inclined linguistic scholars have argued that since there is no consistent semantic system for determining the animacy of

450-678: Is sometimes said to have included the extinct Beothuk language of Newfoundland , whose speakers were both in geographic proximity to Algonquian speakers and who share DNA in common with the Algonquian-speaking Miꞌkmaq . However, linguistic evidence is scarce and poorly recorded, and it is unlikely that reliable evidence of a connection can be found. The Algonquian language family is known for its complex polysynthetic morphology and sophisticated verb system. Statements that take many words to say in English can be expressed with

495-617: Is the local chamber of commerce for Marlborough and five other surrounding towns in MetroWest Massachusetts. The chamber represents the business needs of over 650 businesses and thousands of employees in the area and is headquartered in the city. The Chamber of Commerce's role has included working with the MetroWest Regional Transit Authority to improve transportation options and to obtain recognition for Marlborough's Downtown Village as

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540-549: The American Civil War . David's son David Brainard Goodale also became a deacon, making him the fifth generation of Goodales and third generation of deacons who were born or lived at the ancestral homestead. In 1955 then owner Mrs. Arthur Greenwood donated the house's northern ell to the Smithsonian Institution . When the Marlborough, Hudson, and Massachusetts Historical Commissions inventoried

585-554: The Battle of White Plains and later a deacon . Abner and his wife Mary "Molly" Howe Goodale had at least ten children. Their first son Nathan Goodale became a schoolteacher while his younger brother David Goodale followed in their father's footsteps as a deacon. Their youngest sister Lucy Goodale Thurston became one of the first American Protestant missionaries in Hawaii . Both Nathan and David Goodale had large families. Though Nathan

630-686: The Central Algonquian groups are not genetic groupings but rather areal groupings. Although these areal groups often do share linguistic features, these commonalities are usually attributed to language contact . Paul Proulx has argued that this traditional view is incorrect, and that Central Algonquian (in which he includes the Plains Algonquian languages) is a genetic subgroup, with Eastern Algonquian consisting of several different subgroups. However, this classification scheme has failed to gain acceptance from other specialists in

675-856: The Massachusetts General Court to create the town of Marlborough and it was officially incorporated in 1660. Rice was elected a selectman at Marlborough in 1657. Sumner Chilton Powell wrote, in Puritan Village: The Formation of a New England Town , "Not only did Rice become the largest individual landholder in Sudbury, but he represented his new town in the Massachusetts legislature for five years and devoted at least eleven of his last fifteen years to serving as selectman and judge of small causes." The Puritan minister Reverend William Brimstead became

720-527: The census of 2000, there were 36,255 people, 14,501 households, and 9,280 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,719.4 inhabitants per square mile (663.9/km ). There were 14,903 housing units at an average density of 706.8 per square mile (272.9/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 87.70% White , 2.17% African American , 0.20% Native American , 3.76% Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 3.27% from other races , and 2.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.06% of

765-489: The "Eastern Great Lakes" languages – what Goddard has called "Core Central", e.g., Ojibwe–Potawatomi, Shawnee, Sauk–Fox–Kickapoo, and Miami-Illinois (but not Cree–Montagnais or Menominee) – may also constitute their own genetic grouping within Algonquian. They share certain intriguing lexical and phonological innovations. However, this theory has not yet been fully fleshed out and is still considered conjectural. Algonquian

810-429: The 1970s, and The Rockport Company , founded in Marlborough in 1971, maintained an outlet store in the city until 2017. In 1990, when Marlborough celebrated its centennial as a city, the festivities included the construction of a park in acknowledgment of the shoe industry, featuring statues by the sculptor David Kapenteopolous. The construction of Interstates 495 and 290 and the Massachusetts Turnpike has enabled

855-710: The Algonquian languages is their direct-inverse (also known as hierarchical ) morphosyntactic alignment , distinguishing between an unmarked voice where the subject outranks the object in a person hierarchy and a marked voice where the opposite relation obtains. Because Algonquian languages were some of the first with which Europeans came into contact in North America, the language family has given many words to English . Many eastern and midwestern U.S. states have names of Algonquian origin ( Massachusetts , Connecticut , Illinois , Michigan , Wisconsin , etc.), as do many cities: Milwaukee , Chicago , et al. Ottawa ,

900-450: The Algonquian languages. Instead, the commonly accepted subgrouping scheme is that proposed by Ives Goddard (1994). The essence of this proposal is that Proto-Algonquian originated with people to the west who then moved east, although Goddard did not attempt to identify a specific western urheimat for Proto-Algonquian in his 1994 paper. By this scenario, Blackfoot was the first language to branch off, which coincides well with its being

945-666: The Goodale family surrounded the house. A small portion of this formerly agricultural landscape is preserved as the Goodale Memorial Forest , a publicly-accessible conservation area owned by the New England Forestry Foundation (NEFF). Goodale descendant Francis Goodale of Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania , donated the forest to the NEFF in 1967. Marlborough, Massachusetts Marlborough

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990-536: The Goodale house dates to 1702. This main part of the house is sheathed with wood clapboards and includes an original stone chimney. The house's western ell and a brick chimney are later additions, though still predating the American Revolution. The extant lead glass windows and dentiled cornice are 1920s-era reproductions. A northern ell was removed in 1955. The property includes two existing barns. Historically, orchards and woodlots owned by

1035-551: The Indians because they protected them from other tribes they were at war with. In the 1650s, several families left the nearby town of Sudbury , 18 miles west of Boston , to start a new town. The village was named after Marlborough , the market town in Wiltshire , England. It was first settled in 1657 by 14 men led by Edmund Rice , John Ruddock, John Howe and a third John named John Bent; in 1656 Rice and his colleagues petitioned

1080-425: The Marlborough area since 2012, with productions including Hamlet , Dog Sees God , Romeo and Juliet , Macbeth , Godspell , and Love Comics . The Marlborough Country Club was host of Senior PGA Tour Event The Marlborough Classic from 1981 to 1983. Bob Goalby won the event in 1981, with Arnold Palmer winning in 1982 and Don January winning in 1983. The event has since changed locations to

1125-636: The Nashawtuc Country Club in Concord, Massachusetts and is now called Bank of America Championship . Cities Towns Algonquian languages The Algonquian languages ( / æ l ˈ ɡ ɒ ŋ k ( w ) i ə n / al- GONG -k(w)ee-ən ; also Algonkian ) are a family of Indigenous languages of the Americas and most of the languages in the Algic language family are included in

1170-556: The Williams Tavern soon after his inauguration in 1789. In 1836, Samuel Boyd, known as the "father of the city," and his brother, Joseph, opened the first shoe manufacturing business - an act that would change the community forever. By 1890, with a population of 14,000, Marlborough had become a major shoe manufacturing center, producing boots for Union soldiers , as well as footwear for the civilian population. Marlborough became so well known for its shoes that its official seal

1215-403: The average family size was 3.07. In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 36.7% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.8 males. The median income for a household in the city

1260-451: The bell in the hands of one Mrs. Elizabeth Snyder for 30 years, returning in 1892 to bring it back to Marlborough. The bell now hangs in a tower at the corner of Route 85 and Main Street. Around that time, Marlborough is believed to have been the first community in the country to receive a charter for a streetcar system, edging out Baltimore by a few months. The system, designed primarily for passenger use, provided access to Milford to

1305-515: The city – locally known as the "Southwest Quadrant" – features numerous office parks and corporate buildings clustered together in a busy industrial core dotted along Forest Street, Cedar Hill Street, Simarano Drive, Ames Street, D’Angelo Drive and Campus Drive (serving The Campus at Marlborough property) with easy access to the Interstate 495 highway. The city’s recent growth of suburban office park infrastructure adjacent to Interstate 495 – which

1350-491: The discourse. There are personal pronouns which distinguish three persons, two numbers (singular and plural), inclusive and exclusive first person plural , and proximate and obviative third persons. Verbs are divided into four classes: transitive verbs with an animate object (abbreviated "TA"), transitive verbs with an inanimate object ("TI"), intransitive verbs with an animate subject ("AI"), and intransitive verbs with an inanimate subject ("II"). A very notable feature of

1395-482: The east coast of North America to the Rocky Mountains . The proto-language from which all of the languages of the family descend, Proto-Algonquian , was spoken around 2,500 to 3,000 years ago. There is no scholarly consensus about where this language was spoken. This subfamily of around 30 languages is divided into three groups according to geography: Plains , Central , and Eastern Algonquian . Of

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1440-447: The first minister of First Church in Marlborough , William Ward the first deacon and Johnathan Johnson was the first blacksmith . Marlborough was one of the seven "Praying Indian Towns" because they were converted to Christianity by the Rev. John Eliot of Roxbury . In 1674, a deed was drawn up dividing the land between the settlers and the natives. This is the only record of names of

1485-575: The group. The name of the Algonquian language family is distinguished from the orthographically similar Algonquin dialect of the Indigenous Ojibwe language (Chippewa), which is a senior member of the Algonquian language family. The term Algonquin has been suggested to derive from the Maliseet word elakómkwik ( pronounced [ɛlæˈɡomoɡwik] ), "they are our relatives/allies". Speakers of Algonquian languages stretch from

1530-502: The growth of the high technology and specialized electronics industries. With its easy access to major highways and the pro-business, pro-development policies of the city government, the population of Marlborough has increased to over 38,000 at the time of the 2010 census. In November 2016, the administration of Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker announced a $ 3 million grant to the city to fund infrastructure improvements along U.S. Route 20 to aid commercial development. Marlborough

1575-470: The house as a historic property in 1974, Mrs. Greenwood's estate owned it. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 21, 1975. Since 1975 the house has been owned by corporations established by Thurston Twigg-Smith , Hawaiian businessman and a great-great-grandson of Lucy Goodale Thurston. The original 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 -story, wood frame-central portion of

1620-480: The most divergent language of Algonquian. In west-to-east order, the subsequent branchings were: This historical reconstruction accords best with the observed levels of divergence within the family, whereby the most divergent languages are found furthest west (since they constitute the earliest branchings during eastern migration), and the shallowest subgroupings are found furthest to the east (Eastern Algonquian, and arguably Core Central). This general west-to-east order

1665-496: The natives. The settlement was almost destroyed by Native Americans in 1676 during King Philip's War . In 1711, Marlborough's territory included Northborough , Southborough , Westborough , and Hudson . As population, business, and travel grew in the colonies, Marlborough became a favored rest stop on the Boston Post Road . Many travelers stopped at its inns and taverns , including George Washington , who visited

1710-544: The northwest corner of the city. Within city limits are three large lakes, known as Lake Williams, Millham Reservoir and Fort Meadow Reservoir . (A portion of Fort Meadow Reservoir extends into nearby Hudson .) Marlborough is crossed by Interstate 495 , U.S. Route 20 and Massachusetts Route 85 . The eastern terminus of Interstate 290 is also in Marlborough. Marlborough is located in eastern Massachusetts , bordered by six municipalities: Berlin , Hudson , Sudbury , Framingham , Southborough , and Northborough . As of

1755-408: The population. There were 14,501 households, out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.0% were non-families. 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and

1800-435: The south, and Concord to the north. As a growing industrialized community, Marlborough began attracting skilled craftsmen from Quebec , Ireland , Italy , and Greece . Shoe manufacturing continued in Marlborough long after the industry had fled many other New England communities. Rice & Hutchins, Inc. operated several factories in Marlborough from 1875 to 1929. Famous Frye boots were manufactured here through

1845-431: The three, only Eastern Algonquian constitutes a true genetic subgroup. The languages are listed following the classifications of Goddard (1996) and Mithun (1999). Extinct languages are marked with †, and endangered languages are noted as such. For dialects and subdialects, consult the separate main articles for each of the three divisions. Eastern Algonquian is a true genetic subgrouping. The Plains Algonquian and

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1890-435: Was $ 56,879, and the median income for a family was $ 70,385. Males had a median income of $ 49,133 versus $ 32,457 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 28,723. About 4.7% of families and 6.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 8.9% of those under age 18 and 10.3% of those age 65 or over. Marlborough is home to many businesses, stores and restaurants. The revitalized southwestern corner of

1935-417: Was decorated with a factory , a shoe box , and a pair of boots when it was incorporated as a city in 1890. The Civil War resulted in the creation of one of the region's most unusual historical monuments. Legend has it that a company from Marlborough, assigned to Harpers Ferry , appropriated the bell from the firehouse where John Brown last battled for the emancipation of the slaves. The company left

1980-562: Was incorporated as a city in 1890 when it changed its municipal charter from a New England town meeting system to a mayor–council government . John Howe in 1656 was a fur trader and built a house at the intersection of two Indian trails, Nashua Trail and Connecticut path. He could speak the language of the Algonquian Indians though the local tribe referred to themselves as the Pennacooks . The settlers were welcomed by

2025-607: Was the oldest son he decided David should be the house's owner and occupant, supposedly stating, "Thou art the one to remain. Our father was a deacon, you are also a deacon, and let remain as the Deacon Goodale farm." David Goodale was an anti-slavery abolitionist who ran for Congress on the Free Soil Party ticket. The house therefore possibly served as a stop on the Underground Railroad prior to

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