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30-620: Goolwa may also refer to: Goolwa, South Australia , a town and locality The Goolwa  (clipper ship) Goolwa Airport , an airport in South Australia Goolwa Barrages , a series of tidal barrages in the River Murray in South Australia Goolwa cockle , a common name for the mollusc, Plebidonax deltoides Hundred of Goolwa ,

60-689: A tidal lagoon or estuary as a method to capture tidal power from tidal flows are known as tidal barrages . The English usage of the term barrage originates from the Delta Barrage across the Nile branches north of Cairo, built between 1833 and 1862 by the French Linant de Bellefonds and Eugène Mougel employed by the Egyptian Public Works Department, with assistance from Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin and with

90-471: A cadastral unit in South Australia See also [ edit ] Goolwa Beach, South Australia Goolwa North, South Australia Goolwa South, South Australia Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Goolwa . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to

120-467: A focus of national controversy during the 1990s . During 2008 and 2009 Goolwa suffered from one of the worst droughts in Australian history and the river which has sustained the town throughout its history was reduced to nothing much more than a channel and mudflats. The crisis prompted ongoing discussions with state and federal governments with the aim of releasing more water from upstream to ensure

150-514: Is some seasonal lag from oceanic influence, with average maxima ranging from 24.4 °C (75.9 °F) in February to 15.1 °C (59.2 °F) in July, and average minima fluctuating between 15.5 °C (59.9 °F) in February and 7.6 °C (45.7 °F) in July. Annual precipitation is moderately low, averaging 442.2 mm (17.41 in), between 144.3 precipitation days. Despite this,

180-454: Is substantial evidence, including case studies, that points to dam construction having environmental impact , there are also studies that show less damage than expected. Looking at plankton near some dams has shown that plankton is able to continue to live through changes to its habitat. Changes such as the pH levels near dams have been recorded, and plankton was minimally affected. Other species, however, such as trout, are affected more, due to

210-456: Is that a dam is built for water storage in a reservoir , which raises the level of water significantly. A barrage is built for diverting water, and raises the water level by only a few feet. The latter is generally built on flat terrain across wide, often meandering rivers. Similar distinctions are used in Egypt, where it is noted: "In this system a "dam" is a structure that forms a reservoir for

240-495: The 2011 census , the state suburb of Goolwa (excluding Goolwa Beach, Goolwa North and Goolwa South) had a population of 2,201. At June 2018, the estimated urban population for Goolwa together with nearby Victor Harbor was 26,532, having increased at an average annual rate of 1.07% year-on-year over the preceding five years. The portion of this combined urban area residing in Goolwa is 11,578. Every odd-numbered year, Goolwa hosts

270-657: The Murray River near the Murray Mouth in South Australia . Goolwa is approximately 85 km (53 mi) south of Adelaide , and is joined by a bridge to Hindmarsh Island . The name "Goolwa" means "elbow" in the Ngarrindjeri language , and the area was known as "The Elbow" to the early settlers. Before 1837 the area was briefly considered for the site of the colony's capital; a "special survey"

300-562: The South Australian Wooden Boat Festival (SAWBF). The town is a popular holiday destination and home to the PS Oscar W , a paddle steamer . Goolwa, along with the neighbouring towns of Middleton and Port Elliot and the city of Victor Harbor have in the 2000s enjoyed a nationally recognised " sea change " boom, with people moving there from more metropolitan areas for an improved lifestyle on

330-648: The Coorong, Lower Lakes and Murray Mouth (CLLMM) Research Centre, run by the Goyder Institute for Water Research , opened, located between the Hindmarsh Island bridge and the barrage. The centre's focus is on studying and adapting to the effects of climate change in the region, by using both First Nations and scientific knowledge. Goolwa has a warm-summer mediterranean climate ( Köppen: Csb), with warm, dry summers and mild, wetter winters. There

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360-609: The Lower Lakes region. The Regulator immediately increased the water level between the Regulator and the Goolwa Barrage. In 2010 increased rainfall and water from upstream allowed the Regulator at Clayton Bay to be substantially removed. The rainfall has replenished much of the river and lower lakes. In late 2010 some gates on the Goolwa Barrage were opened for the first time in many years to allow fresh water to flow to

390-619: The Murray Mouth. Continued rainfalls combined with flooding upstream in New South Wales and Victoria led to massive flows down the River Murray, and by January 2011 all the gates on the Goolwa Barrage were open. Goolwa is approximately 85 km (53 mi) south of Adelaide , and is the seat of the Alexandrina Council . It is in the state electoral district of Hammond and the federal Division of Mayo . At

420-451: The amount of water downstream. In most cases, a barrage dam is built near the mouth of the river. The site of dam construction needs to be thoroughly investigated to ensure that the foundation is strong enough to support the dam and has low possibility of failing. When dams are created, they are given a safety rating depending on the type of dam, location, and the possible effects in case of failure. The ratings are from one to five, five having

450-783: The blessing of the Egyptian Viceroy of the Ottoman Empire , Muhammad Ali . When the British, after 1882, had to look after these structures generally referred to as barrages , they adopted the term in their language and continued to use it for similar structures built by themselves across the Nile (Zefta Barrage and Assiut Barrage , both completed in 1902). Since the British in the Egyptian Public Works Department kept close relations to their counterparts in British India ,

480-543: The coast. In March 2007, Goolwa was declared a Cittaslow by visiting Cittaslow representatives. Goolwa was the first non-European town to gain Cittaslow status. On 22 January 2010 the 4th stage of the Tour Down Under finished at Goolwa. As part of the event more than 8,000 cyclists, that participated in the preceding Mutual Community Challenge Tour , rode into Goolwa on the day. In early February 2024,

510-505: The dam. With that data, they are able to see how the population size increased or decreased. In some cases, it was found that the species richness was less downstream from a dam compared to further upstream. Inhibiting the volume of water was shown to be detrimental to species diversity and richness. Also, at the entrance of dams, there are fewer nutrients due to the high-water flow reducing the ecosystem's reproduction standard. Along with species richness, plankton diversity can be an indicator of

540-469: The ecosystem's ability to handle the newly-built dam. It has been shown that dams can have an effect on the migration of fish, leading to less reproduction. There are many small factors that can have a relatively large effect on the river ecosystems, such as species richness, water volume and nutrient levels. Different experiments have been done that looked into each of these individually and were able to determine why some dams cause such effects. While there

570-486: The fresh water of the River Murray from the salt water coming up from the River Murray mouth. The barrage was constructed to prevent the salt water traversing further up the River Murray and polluting much needed fresh water. Goolwa had earlier been connected to Hindmarsh Island by a cable ferry; this was replaced in 2001 by the official opening of the Hindmarsh Island bridge , the construction of which had been

600-450: The highest danger rating. The rating of five would be given to dams built with a town or city downstream, which would have higher possibility of injury to people in the case of dam failure. New designs have been made that are able to sustain greater amounts of water. An improved wedge-shaped block technology was developed by Rafael Moran and Miguel Toledo. The new structure is able to withstand severe flooding and uses less materials, reducing

630-422: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goolwa&oldid=1090000228 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Goolwa, South Australia Goolwa , known as The Elbow to early settlers, is an historic river port on

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660-492: The physical dam inhibiting their migration and reproduction paths. Barrage dams control the amount of water going through them, leading to differences in the amount of water upstream and downstream from the dam. This discrepancy has different effects on different species native to the area. While there can be reduced flow downstream, there can also be problems upstream. Dams can have buildup of pressure that fish are not accustomed to, and they migrate further upstream, causing part of

690-432: The production cost. Dam construction has several effects on the economy and the environment . Specifically, there are several ways in which the environment can be affected by dam construction. Species richness is usually measured to determine the effect of a dam on the ecosystem surrounding it. To observe the species richness, scientists collect data on the fish and animal populations before and after construction of

720-473: The river to have reduced population sizes. Although there are environmental effects that come with building new dams, there are also economic benefits from a dam. Without dams, it would be much harder to farm and grow livestock. The irrigation technology that comes with building a dam can exceed the risk factor. According to the World Commission on Dams , a key difference between a dam and a barrage

750-478: The river trade and Goolwa's significance as a port. With the decline of the river trade Goolwa became dependent on local farming and fishing, as well as becoming a popular destination for holidaymakers from Adelaide. In 1935 a permanent barrage (called the Goolwa Barrage ) was constructed between Hindmarsh Island and Sir Richard Peninsula on the south eastern outskirts of Goolwa. The barrage separates

780-455: The storage of water during the annual flood period of the Nile in order to supplement the natural flow of the river during the low-water period; a "barrage" merely raises the river or canal level, when necessary, to the height required for adequate flow into the canals that take off above it. Barrages are usually larger than the headworks of irrigation and navigation canals, with which they are associated. Barrages that are commonly used to dam

810-546: The survival of the river. In 2009 a temporary levee (called the Clayton Regulator) was constructed between Clayton Bay and the north east side of Hindmarsh Island. The Regulator was put in place to protect the Goolwa Channel and its tributaries from the danger of acid sulfate soils . The low water level was exposing the river bed and scientific evidence warned of the devastating impact of acidification of

840-529: The town only has 46.3 clear days while having 181.5 cloudy days annually. Extreme temperatures have ranged from 43.0 °C (109.4 °F) on 14 January 1996 to 0.6 °C (33.1 °F) on 18 June 1998. Barrage (dam) The term barrage is borrowed from the French word "barrer" meaning "to bar". Barrage dams have a series of gates that control the amount of water passing through. A barrage dam can be used to divert water for irrigation needs or limit

870-508: Was opened in 1854 to connect Goolwa to Port Elliot . It was later extended to Victor Harbor , allowing goods to move from river boats to ships, so that neither had to negotiate the Murray Mouth. Goolwa was officially established in 1857. In 1919 the District Trained Nursing Society sent Clara Winifred Howie to establish a nursing facility in Goolwa. The spread of railways to inland Australia put an end to

900-507: Was undertaken in 1839–40, with a sizeable township laid out at Currency Creek and land for a port with substantial warehousing on the river where Goolwa now stands. A wharf was constructed in 1852 and government buildings soon followed, including a post office in 1853. However, the treacherous waters of the Murray Mouth made it difficult for shipping and made the town unsuitable as a major port. Goolwa nevertheless developed as Australia's first inland port (1853). Australia's first railway

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