The Gorkha Kingdom , also known as the Gorkha Confederation or the Gorkha Empire , was a member of the Chaubisi rajya , a confederation of 24 states, located at the intersection of Himalayas and the Indian subcontinent. In 1743, the kingdom began a campaign of military expansion, annexing several neighbors and becoming present-day Nepal .
32-767: The Gorkha Kingdom extended to the Marshyangdi River in the west, forming its border with the Kingdom of Lamjung. To the east, the kingdom extended to the Trishuli River , forming its border with the Nepal Mandala . The Gorkha Kingdom was established in 1559 CE by Prince Dravya Shah , the second son of King Yasho Brahma Shah of Lamjung . Dravya Shah replaced the Magar King Mansingh Khadka Magar who previously ruled
64-564: A further seventeen generations. Akbar , the Mughal emperor, (1542-1605) wished to marry the daughter of Fatte Sinha Rana-Ji Rava. Akbar was refused because he was not a Hindu but from a different religion (namely Islam ). This decision led to the war. Many Rajputs , including Fatte Sinha Rana-ji Rava, were killed. The survivors of the war were led by Udaybam Rana-Ji Rava. They founded a settlement called Udaipur . Manmath Rana-Ji Rava went to Ujjain . His son Bhupal Ranaji Rao went to Ridi in
96-493: A military campaign to invade Tanahu, taking advantage of his absence from the capital, Rajendra Laxmi seized power again on 20 June 1779, at which point Bahadur Shah went on self-exile to Bettiah again. After the death of Rajendra Laxmi in 1785, Bahadur Shah came back to Nepal and resumed the expansion of Nepal. He took a hardline approach to unification offering one of the options to state kings and princes: accept Gorkha sovereignty while continuing to rule themselves or battle to
128-771: Is a mountain river in Nepal . Its length is about 150 kilometres. The Marshyangdi begins at the confluence of two mountain rivers, the Khangsar Khola and the Jharsang Khola, northwest of the Annapurna massif at an altitude of 3,600 meters near Manang village. The Marshyangdi flows eastward through Manang District and then southward through Lamjung District . The Marshyangdi joins the Trishuli river near Mugling as one of its tributaries. The beginning of
160-631: The Annapurna Circuit trekking route follows the Marshyangdi river valley. 1. Khangsar River 2. Jharsang River 3. Dordi River 4. Paudi River 5. Chepe River 6. Chundi River 7. Daraudi 8.Nangdi River 9. Khudi River 10. Dhud River 11. Nar River The Marshyangdi joins the Trishuli near Mugling . This article related to a river in Nepal is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bahadur Shah of Nepal Prince Bahadur Shah ( Nepali : बहादुर शाह )
192-1320: The Gurkhas are also military units in the British or the Indian army (where they are known as Gorkhas) enlisted in Nepal and India. Their history goes back to the Anglo-Gorkha War and the Sugauli Treaty of 1816. It allowed the British East India Company to recruit men from the Gorkha kingdom hills to serve as mercenaries. During World War II (1939–45), a total of 250,280 Gurkhas served in 40 battalions, plus eight Nepalese Army battalions, plus parachute, training, garrison, and porter units. They earned 2,734 bravery awards, and suffered around 32,000 casualties in all theatres. Marshyangdi 27°51′29″N 84°33′33″E / 27.85806°N 84.55917°E / 27.85806; 84.55917 ( Marshyangdi River ) The Marshyangdi (or Marsyangdi ) ( Nepali : मर्स्याङ्दी , marśyāṅdī)
224-630: The Limbuwan rebellion on his eastern front and annexed Sikkim with Damodar Pande and Amar Singh Thapa as his military generals. Amar Singh Thapa annexed Kumaon kingdom upon invitation of its minister Hari Singh Dev. However, resistance followed and then a battle. Later the deposed Kumaoni king aided the British in the Anglo-Nepalese War but could not restore his Kingdom. In 1788 Nepal attacked Tibet over issues of counterfeiting and granted asylum to Shamarpa Lama, who died during
256-529: The 19th century, extending all along the Himalayan foothills from Kumaon and Garhwal in the west to Sikkim in the east. They were made to return much of the occupied territories after their defeat in the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816). The Gorkha dominion continued to be known as "Gorkha Rajya" ( lit. ' Gorkha Kingdom ' ) until the beginning of the 20th century. Historically,
288-445: The British against Nepal. As the child king came of age, Bahadur Shah's influence in the palace continued to decline. By the time he was forced to retire from his office in 1794, he had had multiple disagreements with the king Rana Bahadur Shah and as such the king viewed him suspicion just like his father and former king Pratap Singh Shah had done before him. After retirement, Bahadur Shah attempted to relocate to China, but his request
320-801: The Chinese army came to Tibet's defence and advanced close to Kathmandu but could not achieve success due to strong counterattack. The anxious Bahadur Shah asked for 10 howitzer mountain guns from the British East India Company. Captain William Kirkpatrick arrived in Kathmandu, however the deal was not made due to unfavorable circumstances for the Gorkhalis. Eventually, the Fu Kanggan was keen to protect his army and
352-607: The Gorkhalis between 1768 and 1769. The Gorkhali king subsequently moved his capital to Kathmandu. In 1788, the Gorkhalis turned their attention north and invaded Tibet . They seized the border towns of Kyirong and Kuti , and forced the Tibetans to pay an annual tribute. When the Tibetans stopped paying it, the Gorkhalis invaded Tibet again in 1791 and plundered the Tashilhunpo Monastery in Shigatse . This time
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#1732771907541384-492: The advice of his top advisor Bajranath Pandit. After his release from immediate imprisonment, Bahadur Shah spent most of his time in Palpa and Tanahu , both of which used to be independent nations back then. His primary goal was to establish friendly relations with these nations and later gain their alliance in order to continue the unification of Nepal , whilst also regaining his brother's trust. He apparently sent letters back to
416-456: The ancestors of present-day Gurungs . In the 1500s, another son, Yasobramha, became the ruler of Lamjung after he compromised with the Gurungs . The second son of Yasobramha, Dravya Shah conquered the kingdom of Ligligkot from Magar king Dalshur Ghale Magar. Gangaram Rana Magar also helped Drabya Shah. At that time in Gorkha, Uppallokot (fort in the upper part) area and Tallokot (fort in
448-518: The capital to Pratap Singh, however, was still not allowed to get back to Nepal. Eventually, Bahadur Shah left for Bettiah district in Bihar, India and lived in exile there. After the death of Pratap Singh Shah on 17 November 1777, his two-year old son Rana Bahadur Shah ascended to the throne of Nepal while Pratap Singh's eldest wife Queen Rajendra Laxmi began acting as the Regent of Nepal. Since it
480-490: The death. He also married the sister of King Prithvi Pal Sen of Palpa, one of the more powerful nations bordering Nepal. Many minor states accepted annexation with notable resistance from Jumla and Doti . The king of Jumla, Shovan Shahi, fled to China, later assisting China in the Sino-Nepalese War . The king of Doti fled to British India and assisted them in the Anglo-Nepalese War . Bahadur Shah then crushed
512-745: The east and west of Gorkha. Among their conquests, the most important and valuable acquisition was the wealthy Newar confederacy of Nepal Mandala centered in the Kathmandu Valley . Starting in 1745, the Gorkhalis mounted a blockade in a bid to starve the population into submission, but the inhabitants held out. The Newars appealed to the British East India Company to help, and in 1767, it sent an expedition under Captain Kinloch which ended in failure. The three Newar capitals of Kathmandu , Lalitpur and Bhaktapur fell to
544-449: The expansion of Nepal which Prithvi Narayan Shah conducted should be continued while Rajendra Laxmi wanted her son to come of age before there could be further military campaigns. Knowing that most courtiers would agree with Bahadur Shah, Rajendra Laxmi moved swiftly to arrest Bahadur Shah and place him under house arrest. After his release from house arrest, Bahadur Shah in turn put Rajendra Laxmi in house arrest in late 1778. However, during
576-406: The lower part) area of Gorkha were ruled by Magar King Mansingh Khadka Magar and king Dalshur Ghale Magar. Khadka Magar is a sub-clan of Rana Magar clan and (Ghale Magar) sub-clan of saru- Thapa-Magar clan. After Dravya Shah captured Liglig-kot from king Dalshur Ghale Magar, he captured Gorkha-kot, another Magarat area from the Magar King Mansingh Khadka Magar in 1559 CE and named
608-559: The name 'Nepal' referred mainly to Kathmandu valley, the homeland of the Newars. Since the 1930s, the state began using it to refer to the entire country and 'Nepal Khaldo' (Nepal Valley) became 'Kathmandu Valley'. The name Gorkha Sarkar (meaning Gorkha government) was also changed to Nepal government. Similarly, the Gorkhali language was renamed as Nepali in 1933. The term Gorkhali in the former national anthem entitled "Shreeman Gambhir"
640-402: The newly found kingdom Gorkha. The ancient name Gor-kha is derived from Gorakhnath. The following is a list of the ten kings of the Gorkha principality: From 1736, the Gorkhalis engaged in a campaign of expansion begun by King Nara Bhupal Shah , which was continued by his son, King Prithvi Narayan Shah and grandson Prince Bahadur Shah . Over the years, they conquered huge tracts of land to
672-632: The northern hills in 1495 CE ( Saka Era 1417), to Sargha, and then to Khium in Bhirkot. There, he cultivated the land. The new ruler of Khium had two sons, Kancha and Micha. Their bartabandha (the taking of the Bharmanical thread) was performed. Plans for the boys to marry the daughters of the Raghuvanshi Rajputs were made. Kancha, the elder son, went to Dhor . He conquered Magarat and reigned over Garhon, Sathum and Birkot . Micha,
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#1732771907541704-700: The region. The founding of the gorkhas did not escape the influence of the Newars . One of the earliest Shah rulers was Rishi-raj Rana-Ji, of the Lunar dynasty (A Newars descendant). He was made the ruler of Chittorgarh and received the title of Bhattarak . The lunar dynasty remained in power for thirteen generations. Then, the Muslim Yavanas took power. The Bhattarak had to abdicate and could only retain his caste family name, Rana-ji . The rajas were titled Rana-Ji for four generations and Rana-ji Rava for
736-638: The same fate. This, along with the political turmoil created in Nepal after his death eventually led to the rise of Bhimsen Thapa and the Anglo-Nepal War . Bahadur Shah was born in the palace of Gorkha and was the second son of King Prithvi Narayan Shah . He was originally known as Fateh Bahadur Shah but eventually came to be known as Bahadur Shah. He was educated at the palaces of Gorkha and Nuwakot and also accompanied his father on certain battlefields. Unlike his brother Pratap Singh Shah , who ruled Nepal from his father's death in 1775 until 1777 and
768-556: The war being resultless was concluded by signing a peace treaty at Betrawati. A later Nepalese–Tibetan War was fought from 1855 to 1856 in Tibet between the forces of the Tibetan government ( Ganden Phodrang , then under administrative rule of the Qing dynasty ) and the invading Nepalese army, resulting in the victory of Nepal. The Gorkha dominion reached its height at the beginning of
800-619: The war. Chinese Amban stations in Lhasa dragged China into war, turning it into Sino-Nepalese War in 1792. Nepal asked for British arms which mediator Colonel William Kirkpatrick refused. Nepal was defeated and a peace treaty was signed with China. After the war, Garhwal submitted to Gorkha sovereignty with its King continuing his rule. From then, Nepal began to see itself as the pan- Himalayan military Hindu kingdom demanding that hill Hindu kings surrender. However, as Kangra resisted with Sikh assistance, deposed kings began to ally with
832-581: The younger son, went to Nuwakot in the far west and became ruler there. From Micha, a dynasty of seven rajas commenced in Nuwakot. Kulamandan became ruler of Kaski , displacing the local Gurung king. He was favoured and became Shah and succeeded his father. Kalu, the second son was sent to Dura Danda in Lamjung at the people's request to become their king. Kalu was killed by the Sekhant tribe, who were
864-461: Was a luxury-loving and indulgent king more interested in tantrism; Bahadur spent most of his time learning about diplomacy from the courtiers in Nuwakot. After the death of King Prithvi Narayan Shah, his eldest son Pratap Singh Shah succeeded him as the King of Nepal. When Pratap Singh Shah ascended to the throne of Nepal, he immediately detained Bahadur Shah and put him under house arrest in Nuwakot on
896-425: Was changed to Nepali in 1951. The government newspaper, launched in 1901, is still known as Gorkhapatra (meaning Gorkha gazette). The Shah dynasty ruled Nepal until 2008 when it became a republic following a people's movement. Today, Gorkha District , roughly corresponding to the old kingdom, is one of the 77 administrative districts of Nepal. Not to be confused with the inhabitants of the old Gorkha Kingdom only,
928-461: Was customary for a woman to kill herself in her own husband's pyre as a part of a Hindu tradition called Sati ), several of the top-ranking courtiers opposed Rajendra Laxmi's decision to remain as the Regent. In order to strengthen her own position, she re-invited the previously exiled Bahadur Shah back to Nepal, and purged her rivals with his support. Included among these was Bajranath Pandit, who had previously counseled Bahadur Shah's exile, whose head
960-531: Was declined, so he relocated himself near the Pashupatinath Temple and started living a simple life and practicing religion alongside the saints at the temple, until he was arrested again and imprisoned in February 1797 on several false charges including attempting to kill the king, hold the king in captivity. In addition, his wife was also charged as having poisoned Queen Rajendra Laxmi. There he
992-418: Was promptly shaved, which was the highest disgrace a " Pandit " could face, and he was banned from Kathmandu. All of Pratap Singh's other wives were forced into Sati, and Rajendra Laxmi consolidated her power. Rajendra Laxmi and Bahadur Shah maintained a joint regency in Nepal for a period of time, but soon fell out due to disagreements between the two regarding the expansion of Nepal. Bahadur Shah insisted that
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1024-529: Was the youngest son of King Prithvi Narayan Shah of modern Nepal . He became the regent of Nepal for a brief period after the death of his predecessor Queen Rajendra Laxmi and accelerated his father's campaign for the conquest of the small and scattered Hindu nations of the Himalayas into modern-day Nepal. Despite his many conquests, he also started the tradition of beheading fellow courtiers against his father's advice which would eventually lead to him meeting
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