The Gorontalo language (also called Hulontalo ) is a language spoken in Gorontalo Province , Sulawesi , Indonesia by the Gorontalo people . With around one million speakers (2000 census), it is a major language of northern Sulawesi.
92-483: Gorontalo ( Gorontaloan : Hulontalo ) is a province of Indonesia on the island of Sulawesi . Located on the Minahasa Peninsula , Gorontalo was formerly part of the province of North Sulawesi until its inauguration as a separate province on 5 December 2000. The province is bordered by the provinces of North Sulawesi to the east and Central Sulawesi to the west, as well sharing a maritime border with
184-485: A Kingdom of Suwawa as existing in 8th century CE. This is reinforced by the discovery of the tomb of their king, Moluadu, on the banks of the river Bulawa along with his wife and child. However, Gorontalo Peninsula did not just have historical records on the inscription King ancient tombs, but it also has prehistoric sites. Oluhuta sites, is a prehistoric site and has a prehistoric tomb in it. This may be evidence that Gorontalo has had very ancient civilization. Meanwhile,
276-560: A double 's', despite the fact that the Indonesian language does not have geminate consonants (although the Makassar and Bugis languages do). On 1 September 1971, the city was renamed after a variant of the pre-colonial name of the city's Fort Rotterdam , Ujung Pandang (Makassarese: Jumpandang ). The action was taken at the time Makassar was expanding from its original 21 km to encompass neighbouring regions to de-emphasise
368-492: A fleet' was seen around 1866. Sholl believed that they did not venture south into other areas such as Nickol Bay (where the European pearling industry commenced around 1865) due to the absence of trepang in those waters. The Macassan voyages appear to have ceased sometime in the late nineteenth century, and their place was taken by other sailors operating from elsewhere in the Indonesian archipelago. A radio documentary on
460-513: A map, with a total area of 12,025.15 km (4,642.94 sq mi). To the north and the south of the province lies the Sulawesi Sea and the Gulf of Gorontalo or known as Gulf of Tomini , respectively. Prior to 2000, Gorontalo province was part of North Sulawesi province which lies on the eastern border. The western border of the province is Central Sulawesi province. Topographically,
552-571: A monopoly of Malukan nutmeg and cloves and came close to succeeding at the expense of English, Portuguese and Muslims from the 1620s. The Makassar kings maintained a policy of free trade, insisting on the right of any visitor to do business in the city, and rejecting the attempts of the Dutch to establish a monopoly. Makassar depended mainly on the Muslim Malay and Catholic Portuguese sailors communities as its two crucial economic assets. However
644-581: A pillar to drive development, providing agricultural production facilities, providing guarantor funds, increasing agricultural human resources, facilitating marketing with guaranteed basic prices etc., and by arranging various programs, such as In developing the potential and diversity of natural resources in Gorontalo, there are several investment opportunities to be developed, such as: investments in agro business (agriculture and plantations), including agro-industries ( nata de coco , coconut oil , etc.) and in
736-552: A population of around 2,795,639 according to the mid 2023 official estimates. According to the National Development Planning Agency , Makassar is one of the four main central cities of Indonesia , alongside Medan , Jakarta , and Surabaya . According to Bank Indonesia , Makassar has the second-highest commercial property values in Indonesia, after Greater Jakarta . The name Makassar
828-455: A single 's') have appeared. The trade in spices figured prominently in the history of Sulawesi, which involved frequent struggles between rival native and foreign powers for control of the lucrative trade during the pre-colonial and colonial period when spices from the region were in high demand in the West. Much of South Sulawesi's early history was written in old texts that can be traced back to
920-491: Is 175.77 square kilometres (67.87 sq mi), and it had a population of around 1.474 million (732,391 males and 742,002 females) in mid 2023 within Makassar City's fifteen administrative districts. Its official metropolitan area , known as Mamminasata , with the addition of thirty-three further districts of neighbouring regencies, covers an area of 2,666.63 square kilometres (1,029.59 sq mi) and had
1012-571: Is 22.8 °C. While the maximum temperature occurs in October with a temperature of 33.5 °C. In 2013 the average temperature ranged from 26.2 °C to 27.6 °C. Gorontalo Province has relatively high air humidity, the average humidity in 2013 reached 86.5% percent. Whereas the highest rainfall occurs in May, which is 307.9 mm but the highest number of rainy days is in July and December, which
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#17327728112721104-426: Is 24 days. The governor ( Indonesian : Gubernur ) and vice-governor ( Indonesian : Wakil Gubernur ), who are elected directly by the people, head the provincial administration. The province is divided into five regencies ( Indonesian : kabupaten ) and only one city ( Indonesian : kota ). When the province was established in 2000, there were only two regencies ( Gorontalo Regency and Boalemo Regency ) and
1196-472: Is 894.70 with total production of 10,041 tons. The area of vegetable production in 2006 was 3,674 ha with total production reaching 74.44 tons / ha. The sea area in Gorontalo, especially in the Gulf of Tomini , holds a lot of natural potential because it is one of the bays that is passed by the equator. Fisheries and marine sector are the leading sectors for Gorontalo which have a long coastline. The coastlines of
1288-555: Is a laminal post-alveolar coronal stop that is indeterminate as to voicing. The phonemic status of [ʔ] is unclear; if [VʔV] is interpreted as vowel sequences /VV/ , then this contrasts with long vowels (where the two V's are the same) and vowel sequences separated by linking glides (where the two V's are different). Gorontalo has five vowels. Makassar Makassar ( / m ə ˈ k æ s ə r / muh- KASS -uhr ), formerly Ujung Pandang ( / ˈ u ˌ dʒ u ŋ p ɑː n ˈ d ɑː ŋ / oo- JOONG PAHN -dahng ),
1380-538: Is a warm black hue, streaked with tan or brown tones, and highly prized for use in making fine cabinetry and veneers . Nowadays, as the largest city in Sulawesi and Eastern Indonesia, the city's economy depends highly on the service sector, which makes up approximately 70% of activity. Restaurant and hotel services are the most significant contributor (29.14%), followed by transportation and communication (14.86%), trading (14.86), and finance (10.58%). Industrial activity
1472-762: Is also crossed by many rivers. The longest river is the Paguyaman River located in Boelemo Regency with a flow length of 99.3 km. While the shortest river is the Bolontio River with a flow length of 5.3 km located in North Gorontalo Regency . As the peninsula of which Gorontalo Province is a part is located near the equator, this area has a fairly high air temperature. The minimum temperature occurs in September which
1564-519: Is also widely spoken in the city. The adjective form of the city's name and the eponymous ethnic group has varied over time. In English, Macassarese , Makassarese , and Macassan have all been used, although the latter is usually used in the historical context of trepangers in northern Australia (the Macassan contact with Australia ) and may include people not from Makassar. More recently, forms such as Makasarese and simply Makasar (both with
1656-493: Is an agricultural area with flat topography, hilly to mountainous, so that various types of food crops can grow well in this area. The area of dry land is 215,845.00 ha. While swamps (moor) covering an area of 1,580.00 ha, the area of rice production in 2006 was 45,027 ha with the total production in 2006 as many as 197,600.94 tons and increased when compared to 2005 which had an area of 37,831 ha with total production as many as 164,168 tons. The area of soybean production in 2006
1748-706: Is around 32.5 °C (90.5 °F) and the average low around 22.5 °C (72.5 °F) all year long. In contrast to the virtually consistent temperature, rainfall shows wide variation between months due to the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone . Makassar averages around 3,086 mm (121.50 in) of rain on 163 days during the year, but during the month with least rainfall – August – only 15 mm (0.59 in) on one day of rain can be expected. In contrast, during its wet season , Makassar can expect more than 500 mm (20 in) per month between December and February. During
1840-487: Is denoted by the letter on the windshield. Makassar is also known for its becak ( pedicabs ), which are smaller than the " becak " on the island of Java . In addition to becak and pete-pete, the city has a government-run bus system, taxis and ride-hailing services such as Gojek . A bus rapid transit (BRT), which is known as "Trans Mamminasata" was started in 2014. It has some routes through Makassar and connects to nearby cities including Maros, Takallar, and Gowa. Run by
1932-428: Is divided into 15 administrative districts ( kecamatan ) and subdivided into 153 urban villages ( kelurahan ). The districts are listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the number of administrative villages (all classed as urban kelurahan ) in each district. Note (a) The 2010 population of
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#17327728112722024-408: Is one of Indonesia's primary ports, with regular international and domestic shipping connections. It is nationally famous as an essential port of call for the pinisi ships, wooden sailing ships which are among the last in use for regular long-distance trade. During the colonial era, the city was widely known as the namesake of Makassar oil , which it exported in substantial quantity. Makassar ebony
2116-467: Is the capital of the Indonesian province of South Sulawesi . It is the largest city in the region of Eastern Indonesia and the country's fifth-largest urban center after Jakarta , Surabaya , Medan , and Bandung . The city is located on the southwest coast of the island of Sulawesi, facing the Makassar Strait . Throughout its history, Makassar has been an important trading port, hosting
2208-676: Is the most prominent among the five Pohalaa. That is why Gorontalo is more widely known. Westerners began arriving in the Indonesian archipelago starting in the 16th century because of interest in spices from Indonesia, especially spices from the Maluku islands . The first Westerners to come to Indonesia were the Portuguese , who sailed from Malacca to Gresik in East Java and then to the Moluccas, where spices were collected. Then followed
2300-780: Is the next most important after the service sector, with 21.34% of overall activity. The Makassar Industrial Estate ( Kawasan Industri Makassar ), located within the city's boundaries, measures at 270.84 hectares. Makassar is also a significant fishing center in Sulawesi . One of its major industries is the trepang ( sea cucumber ) industry. Trepang fishing brought the Makassan people into contact with Indigenous Australian peoples of northern Australia, long before European settlement (from 1788). C. C. MacKnight in his 1976 work entitled Voyage to Marege: Macassan Trepangers in Northern Australia has shown that they began frequenting
2392-682: Is under much pressure from Malay varieties, especially in urban settings. Sizable Gorontalo communities can be found in Manado , the capital of North Sulawesi , as well as Jakarta . Musa Kasim et al. (1981) give five main dialects of Gorontalo: east Gorontalo, Limboto , Gorontolo City , west Gorontalo, and Tilamuta . Consonant sequences include NC ( homorganic nasal–plosive), where C may be /b d t d̠ ɟ ɡ k/ . Elsewhere, /b d/ are relatively rare and only occur before high vowels . /d̠/ , written ⟨ḓ⟩ in linguistic materials, but not distinguished from ⟨d⟩ elsewhere,
2484-601: Is very poorly developed. The province has often suffered from electricity crises as well as water shortages. Nevertheless, the government is currently attempting to improve Gorontalo's infrastructure, with construction projects such as the Gorontalo Outer Ring Road, Randangan Dam and the Anggrek Power Plant. The peninsula which includes Gorontalo has had some type of human civilization since approximately 1300 years ago. Historical records show
2576-482: The Allies over the course of the war, resulting in severe civilian casualties. Prior to the onset of Indonesian independence , Nani Wartabone headed a Gorontalan Independence Movement, declaring itself sovereign on 23 January 1942. For approximately two years Gorontalo was effectively a self-governing region. This was a milestone in the struggle for independence and inspired similar efforts both on Celebes and across
2668-582: The Gerindra Party . While the representatives in the Regional Representative Council are Hanah Hasanah Fadel Muhamad, Rahmijati Jahja, Abdurahman Abubakar Bachmid and Dewi Sartika Hemeto. Gorontalo is one of the busiest trade routes in Indonesia since ancient times. Gorontalo has a strategic geographic location for the national economy, because it has trade routes that are directly dealing with neighboring countries such as
2760-481: The Philippines in the Sulawesi Sea to the north, and a coastline on the Gulf of Tomini to the south. The provincial capital, as well as the main gateway to the province and its most populated city, is Gorontalo (also often called Hulontalo). The size is comparable to Vanuatu . The province covers a total land area of 12,025.15 square kilometres (4,642.94 sq mi) and had a population of 1,040,164 at
2852-528: The Philippines , Malaysia , Brunei , Hong Kong , Taiwan , Japan and South Korea . In addition, Gorontalo is also one of the areas that is the entrance of trade routes from the Americas to countries in the Asia-Pacific region, such as Brunei, Singapore and Malaysia. The Indonesian Government considers that Gorontalo is one of the backbone of the economic, educational and cultural driving force in
Gorontalo - Misplaced Pages Continue
2944-767: The Southern Philippines . They lived in villages at the coast of Gorontalo. They spoke the Bajaw language , which is not mutually intelligible with the Gorontaloan language. Most of the Bajau people are engaged in the fishing industry. Other ethnic groups are mostly immigrants from other parts of Indonesia, such as the Javanese and the Bugis . They mostly migrated due to the transmigration program enacted during
3036-613: The Spaniards , who arrived in 1521 with two ships through the Philippines , Borneo , Tidore , Bacan , and Jailolo , until they sailed to Maluku until 1534. Then the Dutch came to Indonesia and arrived in Banten in 1596, which was also a place for trading spices from the surrounding area. In 1607, the Dutch visited the Minahasa Peninsula , with the approval of the Sultan of Ternate. As
3128-463: The ethnic connotations of the name, enlarged to its present area. Ujung Pandang remained locally unpopular and, on 13 October 1999, the name reverted to Makassar under President B. J. Habibie , himself a native of South Sulawesi. In the local language , the city is known as Mangkasara′ , written ᨆᨀᨔᨑ in the Lontara script traditionally used to write Makassarese as well as Buginese , which
3220-486: The 13th and 14th centuries. Makassar is mentioned in the Nagarakretagama , a Javanese eulogy composed in 14th century during the reign of Majapahit king Hayam Wuruk . In the text, Makassar is mentioned as an island under Majapahit dominance, alongside Butun , Salaya and Banggawi . The 9th King of Gowa Tumaparisi Kallonna (1512–1546) is described in the royal chronicle as the first Gowa ruler to ally with
3312-414: The 2010 Census, and 1,171,681 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,213,180 (comprising 611,780 males and 601,400 females), resulting in a population density of 100.887 inhabitants per square kilometre (261.30/sq mi). The province is known by the nicknames "Porch of Medina " ( Indonesian : Bumi Serambi Madinah ), an allusion to the cradle of Islamic civilisation used because
3404-534: The Dutch government and Gorontaloan kingdoms were officially started. Subsequent developments, the political transition of the VOC to the Dutch East Indies at the turn of the 18th century to the 19th century was marked by VOC bankruptcy caused by various factors, such as accounting fraud, corruption, weak employee capabilities, monopoly systems, and systems forced which brought about the moral deterioration of
3496-566: The Dutch, the Arabs, Malays and Buddhist returned to trade outside the fortress walls and were joined later by the Chinese. The town again became a collecting point for the produce of eastern Indonesia – the copra , rattan , Pearls , trepang and sandalwood and the famous oil made from bado nuts used in Europe as men's hairdressing – hence the anti-macassars (embroidered cloths protecting
3588-565: The Eastern Region of Indonesia. The economy in Gorontalo is now one of the fastest growing economies in Indonesia. The agriculture , fisheries and services sector are the main sectors that is relied on in this province because it has a large contribution to local revenue. In order to realize Gorontalo as an agropolitan province, various efforts continue to be made. The Provincial Government carries out various types of development programs, including through infrastructure improvements as
3680-712: The English East India Company also established a post there in 1613, the Danish Company arrived in 1618, and Chinese, Spanish and Indian traders were all important. When the Dutch conquered Portuguese Melaka in 1641, Makassar became the most extensive Portuguese base in Southeast Asia. The Portuguese population had been in the hundreds but rose to several thousand, served by churches of the Franciscans, Dominicans and Jesuits as well as
3772-563: The Habibie clan. The word Gorontalo comes from the word Hulontalo in the Gorontalo language. Hulontalo is derived from the word Hulontalangi , a name of one of the Kingdoms in Gorontalo. In addition, there are several historical records regarding the origin of the name Gorontalo, including: Gorontalo people sometime refer themselves as Hulandalo or Hulantalo , a well-known term in Gorontalo and North Sulawesi, which usually refers to
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3864-572: The Indonesian Transportation Department, each bus can accommodate 20 standing passengers in addition to 20 seats. A 35-kilometer monorail in the areas of Makassar, Maros Regency , Sungguminasa ( Gowa Regency ), and Takalar Regency (the Mamminasata region) was proposed in 2011, with operations commencing in 2014, at a predicted cost of Rp.4 trillion ($ 468 million). The memorandum of understanding
3956-580: The Indonesian archipelago. However, this was brutally opposed by the Japanese, and the Kenpeitai arrested and tortured many pro-Independence advocate, including Wartabone himself. Wartabone was eventually recognized by the Indonesian government as a National Hero of Indonesia . Today, he is buried in his hometown of Suwawa, in the eastern part of the province. After the surrender of Japan in 1945,
4048-691: The Japanese handed the area to the local pro-Independence militia. However, the Dutch returned to Gorontalo to assume control, resulting in an inevitable war between the Dutch forces and the Indonesian Republicans. After the Linggadjati Agreement between the Dutch and the Indonesian, Gorontalo was incorporated into the State of East Indonesia , a state of the United States of Indonesia . In 1950, Gorontalo became part of
4140-523: The North and South regions each have a length of about 270 kilometres and 320 kilometres. The potential of fisheries resources in Gorontalo is in three areas, namely the Gulf of Tomini , Sulawesi Sea , and Sulawesi Sea Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Unfortunately, the utilization rate of new capture fisheries is only 24.05% or 19,771 tons per year. The population in Gorontalo Province in 2020
4232-528: The Portuguese in 1511), then Portuguese from at least the 1540s, began to make this port their base for trading to the Spice Islands (Maluku), further east. The growth of Dutch maritime power over the spice trade after 1600 made Makassar more vital as an alternative port open to all traders, as well as a source of rice to trade with rice-deficient Maluku. The Dutch East India Company (VOC) sought
4324-667: The Regional People's Representative Council placed 45 representatives spread from different political parties. Based on the results of the 2014 election, Gorontalo has three representatives in the People's Representative Council and four in the Regional Representative Council . The three representatives in the People's Representative Council were Fadel Muhammad and Roem Kono from the Golkar Party and Elnino M Husein Mohi from
4416-573: The Sangkarrang Islands District ( Kecamatan Kepulauan Sangkarrang ) is included in the figure for the Ujung Tanah district, from which it was cut out. Makassar is a multi-ethnic city, populated mostly by Makassarese and Buginese . The remainder are Torajans , Mandarese , Butonese , Chinese and Javanese . The current population in mid 2023 is approximately 1,474,393, with a Metropolitan total of 2,795,639. The city
4508-459: The Tallo River, Jeneberang River, and Pampang River) all of which flow into the city. Makassar City is a stretch of lowland at an altitude of between 0-25 meters above sea level. Makassar has a tropical monsoon climate ( Köppen : Am ). The average temperature for the year in Makassar is 27.5 °C (81.5 °F), with little variation due to its near-equatorial latitude: the average high
4600-481: The Ternate Sultanate handed over Gorontalo and Limboto regions to the VOC. Gorontalo was important to the VOC because it contained food ingredients such as rice, chocolate and coconut, besides that in the mountains there are also gold mines, such as in the areas of Samalata, Marisa, Bonepantai, and Bintauna. Seeing these conditions, the VOC established a trading post, through which the trade offices between
4692-523: The alliance with Tallo by declaring he would be his own Chancellor. Conflicts within the kingdom quickly escalated, the Bugis rebelled under the leadership of Bone, and the Dutch VOC seized its long-awaited chance to conquer Makassar with the help of the Bugis (1667–69). Their first conquest in 1667 was the northern Makassar fort of Ujung Pandang, while in 1669 they conquered and destroyed Sombaopu in one of
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#17327728112724784-481: The arrival of the Dutch, there was an important Portuguese community, also called a bandel , that received the name of Borrobos. Around 1660 the leader of this community, which today would be equivalent to a neighbourhood, was the Portuguese Francisco Vieira de Figueiredo. The character of this old trading center changed as a walled city known as Vlaardingen grew. Gradually, in defiance of
4876-416: The books that came his way in Portuguese, Spanish or Latin. A French Jesuit, Father Alexandre de Rhodes , described Pattingalloang's passion for mathematics and astronomy, on which he pestered the priest endlessly, while even one of his Dutch adversaries conceded he was "a man of great knowledge, science and understanding". After Pattingalloang's death in 1654, a new king of Gowa, Sultan Hasanuddin, rejected
4968-537: The capital of the State of East Indonesia , part of the United States of Indonesia . In 1950, it was the site of fighting between pro-Federalist forces under Captain Kahar Muzakkar and Republican forces under Colonel Sunkono during the Makassar uprising . Makassar is the capital of the province of South Sulawesi , located in the southern part of Sulawesi Island, formerly known as Ujung Pandang, bordered to
5060-668: The center of the Gowa Sultanate and a Portuguese naval base before its conquest by the Dutch East India Company in the 17th century. It remained an important port in the Dutch East Indies , serving Eastern Indonesian regions with Makassarese fishers going as far south as the Australian coast. For a brief period after Indonesian independence , Makassar became the capital of the State of East Indonesia , during which an uprising occurred . The city's area
5152-579: The city in the province. Splitting of regencies occurred on 25 February 2003 (when Pohuwato Regency was created from the western part of Boalemo Regency (itself only created on 4 October 1999 from the western part of Gorontalo Regency), and Bone Bolango Regency was created from the eastern part of Gorontalo Regency) and on 2 January 2007 (when North Gorontalo Regency was created from the northern part of Gorontalo Regency). In 2023, Gorontalo Province consisted of 77 districts ( kecamatan ) comprising 734 villages (rural desa and urban kelurahan ). As of 2024,
5244-480: The city of Gorontalo is one of the oldest cities on Sulawesi in addition to the city of Makassar and Manado . It is estimated, Gorontalo has been around since approximately 400 years ago or around the 1500s in the 16th century. Previously Gorontalo City became one of the centers of Islamic religion in Eastern Indonesia, in addition to Ternate (now part of North Maluku Province). Along with the spread of
5336-580: The colonial era until it was abolished in 2015 by the Indonesian government. Religion in Gorontalo (2022) Gorontalo language Considerable lexical influence comes from Malay , Arabic , Portuguese , Dutch , and the North Halmahera languages . The Gorontalo region used to be controlled by the Sultanate of Ternate . Manado Malay and Indonesian are also spoken in the area. Despite its relatively large number of speakers, Gorontalo
5428-525: The colonial period Gorontalo was governed under customary law. Kingdoms were united in a bond of kinship called "Pohala'a". According to Haga (1931) there are five pohala'a Gorontalo area: Based on the classification made by the Mr. C. Vollenhoven, the Gorontalo peninsula was included among the 19 indigenous areas in Indonesia. Between religion and customs in Gorontalo was fused with the term "Adat bersendikan Syara 'and Syara' bersendikan Kitabullah". Pohalaa Gorontalo
5520-491: The country's decentralization program. Hence, the new province was created on 5 December 2000. Compared to other provinces of Indonesia, Gorontalo is one of the least developed provinces. As of 2017, Gorontalo scores 0.670 in Human Development Index , one of the lowest in Indonesia. It ranks 28th out of the 34 provinces. Compared to the neighbouring provinces such as North Sulawesi, Gorontalo's infrastructure
5612-603: The fields of mining ( gold , granite , etc.). Development priorities over the next five years are projected on maize commodities with an area of maize production in 2004 covering an area of 35,692,450 ha, with a total production of 323,065 tons and for louning corn alone having been successfully exported at 9,148 tons. Of the total area of Gorontalo covering an area of 1,221,544 ha, for potential agricultural areas covering an area of 463,649.09 ha or 37.95%, but recently utilized an area of 148,312.78 ha (32%) or there are still opportunities for land development 315,336.31 ha. Gorontalo
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#17327728112725704-762: The foreign traders. The conversion of the citizens to Islam was followed by the first official Friday Prayer in the city, traditionally dated to 9 November 1607, which is celebrated today as the city's official anniversary. John Jourdain called Makassar in his day "the kindest people in all the Indias to strangers". Matoaya's eldest son succeeded him on the throne of Tallo, but as Chancellor, he had evidently groomed his brilliant second son, Karaeng Pattingalloang (1600–54), who exercised that position from 1639 until his death. Pattingalloang must have been partly educated by Portuguese, since as an adult he spoke Portuguese "as fluently as people from Lisbon itself", and avidly read all
5796-420: The government assaulted and captured Manado. In 2000, Gorontalo City and two regencies, with their Muslim-majority communities, were spun off from North Sulawesi into a separate province with Gorontalo as the provincial seat. Gorontalo lies on the northern peninsula of Sulawesi , also known as the Minahasa Peninsula . The province has an elongated shape area, stretching from west to east almost horizontally on
5888-423: The greatest battles of 17th century Indonesia. The VOC moved the city center northward, around the Ujung Pandang fort they rebuilt and renamed Fort Rotterdam . From this base, they managed to destroy the strongholds of the Sultan of Gowa, who was then forced to live on the outskirts of Makassar. Following the Diponegoro War (1825–30), Prince Diponegoro was exiled to Fort Rotterdam until his death in 1855. After
5980-467: The head-rests of upholstered chairs). Although the Dutch controlled the coast, it was not until the early 20th century that they gained power over the southern interior through a series of treaties with local rulers. Meanwhile, Dutch missionaries converted many of the Toraja people to Christianity. By 1938, the population of Makassar had reached around 84,000 – a town described by writer Joseph Conrad as "the prettiest and perhaps, cleanest looking of all
6072-413: The list of regencies and cities in Gorontalo province is given in the table below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 and 2020 censuses, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The province now forms one of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to the People's Representative Council . The Gorontalo Electoral District consists of all of the 5 regencies in
6164-424: The local community. The local chief requested the Dutch for help, and the Spaniards was repulsed from the area. Since then, in North Sulawesi, the Dutch began to establish its hegemony, then after the Dutch East India Company (VOC) governor in Ternate, Robertus Padtbrugge, traveled across North Sulawesi to Kwandang to make a contractual decision in 1678. The Gorontaloan and Limbotoan localities could do nothing when
6256-400: The nearby trade-oriented polity of Tallo, a partnership which endured throughout Makassar's apogee as an independent kingdom. The center of the dual kingdom was at Sombaopu, near the then mouth of the Jeneberang River about 10 km south of the present city center, where an international port and a fortress were gradually developed. First Malay traders (expelled from their Melaka metropolis by
6348-436: The neighboring Bugis states. Karaeng Matoaya (c.1573–1636) was the ruler of Tallo from 1593, as well as Chancellor or Chief Minister ( Tuma'bicara-butta ) of the partner kingdom of Gowa. He managed the succession to the Gowa throne in 1593 of the 7-year-old boy later known as Sultan Alaud-din, and guided him through the acceptance of Islam in 1603, numerous modernizations in military and civil governance, and cordial relations with
6440-419: The north by Maros Regency and Pangkajene and Islands Regency, to the east by Maros Regency , to the south by Gowa Regency , and to the west by Makassar Strait . The area of Makassar City is recorded as 175.77 square kilometers. Makassar City is a city located near the coast that stretches along the western and northern corridors and is also known as the "Waterfront City" which contains several rivers such as
6532-399: The north of Australia around 1700 in search of trepang (sea-slug, sea cucumber, Beche-de-mer), an edible Holothurian . They left their waters during the Northwest Monsoon in December or January for what is now Arnhem Land , Marriage or Marega and the Kimberley region or Kayu Djawa. They returned home with the south-east trade winds in April. A fleet of between 24 and 26 Macassan perahus
6624-546: The peninsula at that time was part of the Sultanate of Ternate , the Dutch were assigned by the Sultan to order all Ternate people who were in Manado to return to Ternate. This was done to make it easier for the Dutch to repulse Spain in Manado who came to North Sulawesi through the Philippines. In 1617, the Spaniards tried to spread Catholicism to the local people around Lake Tondano by force, but they were repulsed by
6716-599: The pre-colonial kingdoms of Gorontalo applied Islamic law as a basis for implementing the law, in the fields of government, society and the courts, and "Karawo Province" for the local karawo [ id ] embroidery. The only Indonesian President to hail from the Gorontalo people was the third President of the Republic of Indonesia, Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie . His father, Alwi Abdul Jalil Habibie, came from
6808-486: The province is relatively low (0–40), with the elevation ranging between 0–2,400 m (7,900 ft) above sea level. Its coastline length is more than 590 km (370 mi). Counting the Exclusive Economic Zone to the north where Philippines is at the border, the total sea area of the province is more than 50,500 km (19,500 sq mi). There are some small islands around the north and
6900-453: The province of North Sulawesi in a now unitary Republic of Indonesia. In 1957, chaos and lack of attention by the central government in Jakarta resulted in a rebellion by Permesta which was based in Manado, the capital of North Sulawesi. However, Gorontalo was not much affected by the rebellion, as the locals still supported the central government. The rebellion was crushed in 1960 after
6992-461: The province, together with the city of Gorontalo, and elects 3 members to the People's Representative Council. The Gorontalo Regional People's Representative Council ( Indonesian : Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Gorontalo ) is a regional people's representative institution that is domiciled as an organizer of the regional government of Gorontalo province. In the 2014 Indonesian legislative election ,
7084-422: The region of Gorontalo or the native people from Gorontalo. Historically, Gorontalo has been the centre for the spread of Islam in Eastern Indonesia, dating back to the pre-colonial era. The province also was the seat of many independent Gorontaloan kingdoms. The Dutch arrived in the beginning of the 17th century, subjugating the local kingdoms and finally annexed the area into the Dutch East Indies . Gorontalo
7176-494: The regular clergy. By the 16th century, Makassar had become Sulawesi 's principal port and center of the powerful Gowa and Tallo sultanates which between them had a series of 11 fortresses and strongholds and a fortified sea wall that extended along the coast. Portuguese rulers called the city Macáçar . Makassar was very ably led in the first half of the 17th century when it effectively resisted Dutch pressure to close down its trade to Maluku and made allies rather than enemies of
7268-413: The religion, Gorontalo city eventually became the centre of education and commerce for the surrounding regions such as Bolaang Mongondow ( North Sulawesi ), Buol , Luwuk , Banggai , Donggala ( Central Sulawesi ) and even further towards Southeast Sulawesi . This is because of its strategic location, its position facing directly into the Gulf of Tomini (south) and the Sulawesi Sea (north). Before
7360-445: The rulers and the suffering of the population. Entering the 19th century as the transition of the government process of centralization of government administration from the central level to the village level was inevitable for the Dutch colonies, especially Gorontalo. The Japanese occupied Gorontalo during World War II , ending three centuries of Dutch colonial rule. Gorontalo was subjected to air bombing as well as naval shelling by
7452-536: The south of the province, 67 of which have been identified and named. The land surface in Gorontalo Province is mostly hilly. Therefore, the province has many mountains with different heights. Tabongo Mountain which is located in Boalemo Regency is the highest mountain while Litu-Litu Mountain which is located in Gorontalo Regency is the lowest. Besides having many mountains, Gorontalo Province
7544-572: The towns in the islands". During World War II , the Makassar area was defended by approximately 1000 men of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army commanded by Colonel M. Vooren. He decided that he could not defend the coast, and was planning to fight a guerrilla war inland. The Japanese landed near Makassar on 9 February 1942. The defenders retreated but were soon overtaken and captured. In 1945, Indonesia proclaimed its Independence , and in 1946, Makassar became
7636-488: The trade between Makassar and North-East Arnhem Land, entitled "Trepang Trade" , was made by the historian and film-maker Tom Murray for ABC Radio National in 2000. This work included descriptions of the trade made by Yolngu Aboriginal people who had visited Makassar with the trading boats, including a man called Djalatjerri (variously spelt as Djalatjirri or Djaladjari) who was interviewed by the anthropologists Ronald Berndt and Catherine Berndt . Other Yolngu recollections of
7728-463: The trade featured in this work are by Charlie Matjuwi Burarrwanga , a Gumatj man from Elcho Island, and Mowarra Ganambarr OAM , a Dätiwuy man from Rorruwuy in NE Arnhem Land. Makassar has a public transportation system called pete-pete . A pete-pete (known elsewhere in Indonesia as an angkot ) is a share taxi that has been modified to carry passengers. The route of Makassar's pete-petes
7820-435: The west. The Gorontaloan population is estimated to have reached more than 1 million people. The Gorontaloans are further divided into subgroups called "Pohala'a" which means "Family". Notable Pohala'as are Gorontalo, Suwawa, Limboto, Bolango and Atinggola. Currently, many Gorontaloans have migrated to other parts of Indonesia as well as overseas to pursue studies and jobs. The Sama-Bajau people are sea nomads originally from
7912-412: The wettest month of January, 734 mm (28.90 in) can be expected to fall on twenty-seven rainy days. The executive head of the city is the mayor, who is elected by direct vote for a period of five years. The mayor is assisted by a deputy mayor, who is also an elected official. There is a legislative assembly for the city, members of which are also elected for a period of five years. Makassar City
8004-431: Was 1,171,681 people consisting of 591,349 men and 580,332 women. The population growth rate in Gorontalo Province in 2011 – 2013 reached 1.67 percent / year. Gorontalo Regency is the regency with the greatest population, while North Gorontalo Regency has the least. The Gorontaloan people forms the majority of the population in the province. They are spread from North Sulawesi in the east towards Central Sulawesi in
8096-492: Was 5,217 ha with a total production of 6,767.21 tons, an increase compared to 2005 which had an area of 2,677 ha with a total production of 3,738 tons. The area of peanut production in 2006 was 2,825 ha with the total production of 3,316.79 tons increasing compared to 2005 which had an area of 4,335 ha with a total production reaching 5,371 tons. The area of cassava production in 2006 was 853 ha with total production reaching 9,742.0 tons. The area of production of cassava and tubers
8188-576: Was briefly occupied by the Japanese during World War II , before finally becoming part of the independent Republic of Indonesia. Gorontalo was incorporated into the province of North Sulawesi, but after the Fall of Suharto , the government decided to create a new province, owing to the cultural and religious differences to the Christian-majority province of North Sulawesi and also as part of
8280-515: Was long spelled Macassar in English and many other European languages, although the Portuguese spelled it Macáçar during their presence there in the 17th century. The Dutch spelled the name both Makasser and Makassar during their rule over the city as part of the Dutch East Indies . With the independence following World War II, the Indonesians kept the Dutch spelling of Makassar with
8372-586: Was noted by Phillip Parker King in the vicinity of Port Essington in the Arafura Sea. In 1865, R.J. Sholl, then Government Resident for the British settlement at Camden Sound (near Augustus Island in the Kimberley region) observed seven 'Macassan' perahus with a total of around 300 men on board. He believed that they made kidnapping raids and ranged as far south as Roebuck Bay (later Broome) where 'quite
8464-625: Was seen in 1803 by French explorers under Nicolas Baudin on the Holothuria Banks in the Timor Sea . In February 1803, Matthew Flinders in the Investigator met six perahus with 20–25 men each on board and was told by the fleet's chief Pobasso , that there were 60 perahus then on the north Australian coast. They were fishing for trepang and appeared to have only a small compass as a navigation aid. In June 1818 Macassan trepang fishing
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