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19-460: As Old Ireland evolved, the surname O'Gáibtheacháin was shortened to O'Gacháin. This name was later anglicized into Gaughan. As in most coats of arms, this crest's components reflect the character of its people. In the Gaughan coat of arms, the blue symbolizes their loyalty and thirst for truth, while the white represents their love of peace and serenity. The fish signify charity towards others and

38-478: A truthful conscience. Furthermore, they are also associated with a desire for Jesus Christ to be one's spiritual nourishment. The ornate helmet included in the coat of arms indicates that they were men of high rank or gentlemen. They are recorded as descendants of Amalgaid also known as Gaibtheachain son or grandson of Fiachra King of Connacht and as such are part of the Ui Amalgada of Connacht. Some versions of

57-525: The Deluge , dated as 2,242 years after creation to AD 1616. Due to the criticisms by 17th-century Irish historian Tuileagna Ó Maol Chonaire , the text was not published in the lifetimes of any of the participants. The annals are mainly a compilation of earlier annals, although there is some original work. They were compiled between 1632 and 1636, allegedly in a cottage beside the ruins of Donegal Abbey , just outside Donegal Town . At this time, however,

76-533: The National Library of Ireland . The first substantial English translation (starting at AD 1171) was published by Owen Connellan in 1846. The Connellan translation included the annals from the eleventh to the seventeenth centuries. The only version to have a four-colour frontispiece, it included a large folding map showing the location of families in Ireland. This edition, neglected for over 150 years,

95-818: The Táin Bó Cúailnge , one of the most famous tales of the Irish bards. In 1830 Henry J. Monck Mason, founder of Irish Society for Promoting the Education of the Native Irish through the Medium of Their Own Language , dedicated to spreading the Scripture in Ireland through the means of the Irish language, published a Grammar of the Irish Language . In the preface of this book he acknowledged that he

114-733: The Catholic population. The Gaughans were a chieftain tribe in Kilkenny until the Cromwellian conquest arrived to clear the way for Protestant colonization. Cromwell's transplantation and forced relocation from 1649 to 1680 impelled the Gaughans to flee Kilkenny. Those who survived the massacres were forced to settle in Connacht (County of Mayo). They thrived in the west of Ireland, particularly County Mayo, where they possessed territory in

133-756: The Crossmolina area. They are spoken of in the Annals of the Four Masters as chiefs of Calry in the barony of Tirawley. Annals of the Four Masters The Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland ( Middle Irish : Annála Ríoghachta Éireann ) or the Annals of the Four Masters ( Annála na gCeithre Máistrí ) are chronicles of medieval Irish history . The entries span from

152-705: The Franciscans had a house of refuge by the River Drowes in County Leitrim, just outside Ballyshannon, and it was here, according to others, that the Annals were compiled. The patron of the project was Fearghal Ó Gadhra , MP , a Gaelic lord of Coolavin , County Sligo. The chief compiler of the annals was Brother Mícheál Ó Cléirigh from Ballyshannon , who was assisted by, among others, Cú Choigcríche Ó Cléirigh , Fearfeasa Ó Maol Chonaire and Cú Choigríche Ó Duibhgeannáin . Although only one of

171-562: The authors, Mícheál Ó Cléirigh, was a Franciscan friar , they became known as "the Four Friars" or in the original Irish, na Ceithre Máistrí . The Anglicized version of this was "the Four Masters", the name that has become associated with the annals themselves. The annals are written in Irish. The several manuscript copies are held at Trinity College Dublin , the Royal Irish Academy , University College Dublin , and

190-535: The chasm between Christian world-chronology and the prehistory of Ireland".       The appendix of volume 6 contains pedigrees of a small selection of the Gaelic Irish nobility, pp. 2377 ff. Owen Connellan Owen Connellan (1797 – 4 August 1871) was an Irish scholar who translated the Annals of the Four Masters into English in 1846. He was born in County Sligo,

209-462: The early chapters are essentially lists of names and dates, the later chapters, dealing with events of which the authors had first-hand accounts, are much more detailed. As a historical source, the Annals are largely limited to the accounts of the births, deaths and activities of the Gaelic nobility of Ireland and the wider social trends or events are up for contemporary historians to establish. On

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228-662: The editor of the magazine would allow him, in the October number (pp. 729–732). He showed that Mason's Grammar was a mass of errors, and that the pocket edition of Bishop Bedell 's Irish Bible , issued by the Irish Society under Mason's supervision, was just as inaccurate. In these strictures Connellan was supported by Dr. Charles Orpen and John O'Donovan . Connellan soon afterwards printed his reply in its unmutilated form as A Dissertation on Irish Grammar , 1834. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

247-420: The genealogy say he was the fourth son of Nath also known as Dathi I High King of Ireland son of Fiachra King of Connacht son of Eochaid Mugmedon High King of Ireland but in others he is the brother of Nath. Amalgaid is recorded as being ancestor to the bishop Tírechán whose work is preserved in the book of Armagh. The history of Ireland in the 1650s is synonymous with Oliver Cromwell's pronouncement of fate for

266-740: The goal of its writers was to provide an epic history for Ireland that could compare to that of the Israelites or the Romans, and which reconciled native myth with the Christian view of history. It is suggested, for example, that there are six 'takings' to match the Six Ages of the World . Medievalist academic Mark Williams writes of Lebor Gabála Érenn that it is a "highly influential Middle Irish prose-and-verse treatise [...] written in order to bridge

285-781: The other hand, the Annals , as one of the few prose sources in Irish from this period, also provide a valuable insight into events such as the Desmond Rebellions and the Nine Years War from a Gaelic Irish perspective. The early part of this work is based upon the Lebor Gabála . Today, most scholars regard the Lebor Gabála as primarily a myth rather than history. It appears to be mostly based on medieval Christian pseudo-histories, but it also incorporates some of Ireland's native pagan mythology. Scholars believe

304-466: The son of a farmer who claimed descent from Lóegaire mac Néill , High King of Ireland in the fifth century. He studied Irish literature and obtained employment as a scribe with the Royal Irish Academy . Over the following twenty years he copied a great part of the Books of Lecan and Ballymote . When King George IV visited Ireland Connellan translated his "Letter to the Irish people" into Irish, and

323-584: Was appointed Irish historiographer to the king. When Queen's College was opened he was appointed professor of Irish at Cork. Despite some issues with the college president, Robert Kane , he held the chair until 1863. He lived for many years in Dublin and died at his house in Burlington Road in 1871. His most important work was Imtheacht na Tromdhaimhe, or, The proceedings of the great Bardic Institution , which relates how Senchán Torpéist recovered

342-488: Was not acquainted with Irish as a colloquial but only as a written language. Little notice was taken of the book until he was rash enough to print in the Christian Examiner for September 1833 a long letter on "The Irish Language", ostensibly a critique of Owen Connellan's edition of the Irish prayer-book, but in reality a personal attack upon him and Thady Connellan , a relative. Owen Connellan replied, as far as

361-452: Was republished in the early twenty-first century. The original Connellan translation was followed in the 1850s by a full translation by the historian John O'Donovan . The translation was funded by a government grant of £1,000 obtained by the notable mathematician Sir William Rowan Hamilton while he was president of the Royal Irish Academy . The Annals are one of the principal Irish-language sources for Irish history up to 1616. While many of

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