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29-771: The hut is located on the southern side of the Wilder Kaiser at a height of 1,270 metres (4,170 ft) where it stands at the foot of the Törlspitzen peaks on an Alpine pasture. From its sun terrace the view extends from the Ellmauer Tor , over to the Karlspitzen peaks and on to the Ellmauer Halt , the highest mountain in the Kaisergebirge range. Several paths and mountain trails branch off near

58-565: A thoroughly comparable picture: In Vienna and Lower Austria, Austria patriotism dominated (1988) over territorial consciousness. In Upper Austria, Salzburg and Styria, national patriotism slightly outweighed federal state patriotism. In Carinthia, Tyrol and Vorarlberg, national patriotism clearly dominated. When asked to rate their own national patriotism on a ten-point scale, 83% of Carinthians, 69% of Tyroleans, 63% of Vorarlbergers, Burgenlanders and Styrians, 59% of Upper Austrians, 55% of Lower Austrians, 47% of Viennese and 43% of Salzburgers gave it

87-466: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tyrol (state) Tyrol ( / t ɪ ˈ r oʊ l , t aɪ ˈ r oʊ l , ˈ t aɪ r oʊ l / tih- ROHL , ty- ROHL , TY -rohl ; German : Tirol [tiˈʁoːl] ; Italian : Tirolo [tiˈrɔːlo] ) is an Austrian federal state . It comprises the Austrian part of the historical Princely County of Tyrol . It

116-702: Is a 2,000-metre high rock saddle in the middle of the Kaisergebirge in the Austrian state of Tyrol . It is the deepest saddle on the main ridge of the Wilder Kaiser between the Ostkaiser' s Ackerlspitze in the East Kaiser and the Ellmauer Halt in the Central Kaiser mountains. Because there is a well-used route across the Ellmauer Tor with its unique setting, it is often referred to as

145-516: Is a constituent part of the present-day Euroregion Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino (together with South Tyrol and Trentino in Italy ). The capital of Tyrol is Innsbruck . Tyrol is separated into two parts, divided by a 7-kilometre wide (4.3 mi) strip of Salzburg State . The two constituent parts of Tyrol are the northern and larger North Tyrol ( Nordtirol ) and the southeastern and smaller East Tyrol ( Osttirol ). Salzburg State lies to

174-429: Is associated with Tyrol it is also known as "Tyrolean Dried Fruit Bread". The question of which regional unit was the bearer of primary identification was raised in the 1987 Austrian Consciousness Survey. The possible answers were: the hometown (local patriotism), one's own province (regional patriotism), (Central) Europe (European consciousness), the world (cosmopolitanism). A research project led by Peter Diem offers

203-475: Is divided into nine districts ( Bezirke ); one of them, Innsbruck, is a statutory city . There are 277 municipalities. The districts and their administrative centres, from west to east and north to south, are: The traditional form of mural art known as Lüftlmalerei is typical of Tyrolean villages and towns. Kletzenbrot is a sweet bread made with dried fruits and nuts for the Advent season . Because it

232-496: Is known for its university, and especially for its medicine. Tyrol is popular for its famous ski resorts, which include Kitzbühel , Ischgl and St. Anton . The 15 largest towns in Tyrol are: The historical population is given in the following chart: The federal state's gross domestic product (GDP) was 34.6 billion euro in 2018, accounting for 9% of Austria's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power

261-785: The Brenner Pass . The highest mountain in the federal state is the Großglockner , part of the Hohe Tauern range on the border with Carinthia. It has a height of 3,797 m (12,457.35 ft), making it the highest mountain in Austria. In ancient times, the region was split between the Roman provinces of Raetia (west of the Inn River) and Noricum . From the mid-6th century, it was resettled by Germanic Bavarii tribes. In

290-797: The Early Middle Ages it formed the southern part of the German stem duchy of Bavaria , until the Counts of Tyrol , former Vogt officials of the Trent and Brixen prince-bishops at Tyrol Castle , achieved imperial immediacy after the deposition of the Bavarian duke Henry the Proud in 1138, and their possessions formed a state of the Holy Roman Empire in its own right. When

319-839: The Kingdom of Italy according to the 1915 London Pact and the provisions of the Treaty of Saint Germain . From November 1918, it was occupied by 20,000–22,000 soldiers of the Italian Army. Tyrol was the center of an important resistance group against Nazi Germany around Walter Caldonazzi, which united with the group around the priest Heinrich Maier and the Tyrolean Franz Josef Messner. The Catholic resistance group very successfully passed on plans and production facilities for V-1 rockets , V-2 rockets , Tiger tanks , Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet and other aircraft to

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348-792: The Stripsenjochhaus through the Steinerne Rinne to the Ellmauer Tor. For this route Alpine experience, secure footing and no fear of heights are indispensable, even though it is well safeguarded. No less popular is the way from the south, from the Wochenbrunner Alm either via the Gaudeamus Hut or via the Grutten Hut and the Jubiläumssteig to Ellmauer Tor. This route is easier, but very exposed to

377-515: The "heart of the Kaiser". From the south, seen from the general direction of Ellmau or Going , it is the distinctive notch in the Kaisergebirge between the Karlspitzen and the Goinger Halt . The Ellmauer Tor is the most important and most frequently used crossing in the Wilder Kaiser. On clear summer's days countless climbers walk through here. The most famous way leads from the north, from

406-688: The Allies, with which they could target German production facilities. Maier and his group informed the American secret service OSS very early on about the mass murder of Jews in Auschwitz. For after the war they planned an Austria united with South Tyrol and Bavaria. After World War II , North Tyrol was governed by France and East Tyrol was part of the British Zone of occupation until Austria regained independence in 1955. The capital, Innsbruck,

435-670: The B178, to Ellmau . Then branch off north and finally join the toll road up to the Wochenbrunner Alm, where there is a large car park at a height of 1,080 metres. By foot, the shortest and quickest way to the hut starts from the Wochenbrunner Alm and runs up to the Gaudeamus Hut in just 30–40 minutes without posing any problems. Equally possible is the ascent from Scheffau , Ellmau or Going -Prama, each taking about 2 hours. Ellmauer Tor The Ellmauer Tor

464-594: The Counts of Tyrol died out in 1253, their estates were inherited by the Meinhardiner Counts of Görz . In 1271, the Tyrolean possessions were divided between Count Meinhard II of Görz and his younger brother Albert I , who took the lands of East Tyrol around Lienz and attached them (as "outer county") to his committal possessions around Gorizia ("inner county"). The last Tyrolean countess of

493-713: The County of Tyrol (which in the next year became a constituent land of the Austrian Empire ), but Tyrol was ceded to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1805. Andreas Hofer led the Tyrolean Rebellion against the French and Bavarian occupiers. Later, South Tyrol was ceded to the Kingdom of Italy , a client state of the First French Empire, by Bavaria in 1810. After Napoleon's defeat, the whole of Tyrol

522-405: The Gaudeamus Hut and its central location is the main reason for the popularity of this base both with day trippers and with hillwalkers and climbers. By using the toll road, the hut is quickly reached and acts as a starting point for numerous summit ascents and crossings to other places in the Wilder Kaiser. It is fully staffed from mid-May to mid-October. The Gaudeamus Hut was built in 1899 below

551-752: The Kübel Cirque ( Kübelkar ) by the Academic Alpine Club Section of Berlin. It remained unstaffed until 1911, and was then temporarily rented to the Kitzbühel section. In 1924 an avalanche destroyed the hut. In the same year a temporary hut was erected and basic services were provided. In 1927 the Berlin Section built the present hut about 300 metres further east. It survived the Second World War without damage and

580-682: The Meinhardiner Dynasty, Margaret , bequeathed her assets to the Habsburg duke Rudolph IV of Austria in 1363. In 1420, the committal residence was relocated from Merano to Innsbruck. The Tyrolean lands were reunited when the Habsburgs inherited the estates of the extinct Counts of Görz in 1500. In the course of the German mediatization in 1803, the prince-bishoprics of Trent and Brixen were secularized and merged into

609-641: The course of the Etsch and Eisack in present South Tyrol over the Brenner and then following the northern Wipp valley to Hall. From there roads branched along the River Inn . The Via Raetia went westwards and up onto the Seefeld Plateau , where it crossed into Bavaria where Scharnitz is today. The Porta Claudia , built in the early 17th century is a fortification that underlines the importance of

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638-595: The east of North Tyrol, while on the south Tyrol has a border to the Italian province of South Tyrol , which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire before the First World War . With a land area of 12,683.85 km (4,897.26 sq mi), Tyrol is the third-largest federal state in Austria. North Tyrol shares its borders with the federal states Salzburg in the east and Vorarlberg in

667-423: The highest value. The results of this study underline the assumption of a highly developed sense of national identity in most Austrian provinces. Peculiarly, the federal provinces are also largely "endogamous" in relation to other provinces, i.e. they correspond to what ethnologists would call a gentile association, a "tribe". It is therefore also permissible to identify the inhabitants of the Austrian provinces as

696-688: The road in the Early Modern Period. Today Tyrol has international road, rail and air connections. Innsbruck Airport is Tyrol's international airport. In addition there are several smaller airports in various places such as St. Johann in Tirol , Höfen in the Außerfern or Langkampfen . Many public transit companies operate a common tariff scheme as part of the Tyrol Transport Association . The federal state

725-659: The sun. The Tor has an amazing panorama of the surrounding rock scenery and a view south to the High Tauern , the highest mountains in Austria. It is also the starting point for ascents of the Goinger Halt and Karlspitzen. In winter, the climb through the Kübel cirque ( Kübelkar ) is one of the most popular ski tours in the region . 47°33′59″N 12°19′13″E  /  47.56639°N 12.32028°E  / 47.56639; 12.32028 This Tyrol location article

754-713: The tenants changed very rarely. After the war it was taken over by the Main-Spessart section, and the hut was refurbished and extended in 2003. Since the 2004 season Martin and Anni Leichtfried have been the tenants. The Gaudeamus Hut is very popular with day visitors. To reach the hut by car from the Inn Valley Motorway (A12), take the Kufstein -Süd exit and drive along the B173 and B178. From Salzburg drive through Lofer and St. Johann in Tirol , also along

783-525: The west. In the north, it adjoins the German federal state of Bavaria ; in the south, it shares borders with the Italian province of South Tyrol and the Swiss canton of Graubünden . East Tyrol shares its borders with the federal state of Carinthia to the east and Italy's Province of Belluno ( Veneto ) to the south. The federal state's territory is located entirely within the Eastern Alps at

812-711: Was 40,900 euro or 136% of the EU27 average in the same year. Tyrol has long been a central hub for European long-distance routes and thus a transit land for trans-European trade over the Alps. As early as the 1st century B.C. Tyrol had one of the most important north–south links of the Roman Empire , the Via Claudia Augusta . Roman roads crossed the Tyrol from the Po Plain in present-day Italy, following

841-430: Was returned to Austria in 1814. Tyrol was a Cisleithanian Kronland (royal territory) of Austria-Hungary from 1867. The County of Tyrol then extended beyond the boundaries of today's federal state, including North Tyrol and East Tyrol; South Tyrol and Trentino ( Welschtirol ) as well as three municipalities, which today are part of the adjacent province of Belluno. After World War I , these lands became part of

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