Gavignano is a town in the Metropolitan City of Rome , Lazio , central Italy . Gavignano is approximately 50 km south east of Rome, on a hill in the Lepini Mountains .
19-581: The name of the town is believed to be derived from the Roman consul and general Aulus Gabinius , a friend of Pompey and ally of Julius Caesar . The nearest train station is located in the town of Colleferro . Nearby, within the communal territory, is an archaeological site of a Roman villa from the Republican era, the villa "Rossilli", believed to be a country home of the Julii family. At Rossilli there
38-563: A consulship in 58 BC, mainly thanks to the patronage of Pompey . His name is mostly associated with the lex Gabinia , a law he passed as tribune of the plebs in 67 BC that granted Pompey an extraordinary command in the Mediterranean Sea to fight the pirates. In 67 BC, as a tribune of the plebs , Gabinius brought forward the law ( Lex Gabinia ) which gave Pompey the command in the war against Mediterranean pirates , with extensive powers that gave him absolute control over
57-463: A legate. In 65 BC Pompey gave him command of a part of his army and sent him into Northern Mesopotamia to pressure the Parthian king, Phraates III into a treaty with Pompey. From Northern Mesopotamia Gabinius marched into Syria to help rid the region of pirates and brigands. Aristobulus , brother of the high priest and king of Judea Hyrcanus II , bribed him to support his [Aristobulus] claim to
76-481: A son called Aulus Gabinius Sisenna . Mithridates IV of Parthia Mithridates IV (also spelled Mithradates IV ; Parthian : 𐭌𐭄𐭓𐭃𐭕 Mihrdāt ) was a Parthian king from to 57 to 54 BC. He was the son and successor of Phraates III ( r. 69–57 BC ). Mithridates IV's reign was marked by a dynastic struggle with his younger brother, Orodes II , who eventually emerged victorious and had Mithridates IV executed, thus succeeding him. Mithridates
95-527: Is also a historical abbey, built by the Benedictines in the 12th century. Pope Innocent III was born there in 1160. This Lazio location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Aulus Gabinius Aulus Gabinius ( before 101 BC – 48 or 47 BC) was a politician and general of the Roman Republic . He had an important career, culminating with
114-549: Is the Greek attestation of the Iranian name Mihrdāt , meaning "given by Mithra ", the name of the ancient Iranian sun god. The name itself is derived from Old Iranian Miθra-dāta- . Mithridates IV was a son of Phraates III ( r. 69–57 BC ), under whom he served as the ruler of the central province of Media . In 57 BC, Mithridates murdered his father with the assistance of his younger brother Orodes . However,
133-525: The consulships for 58 and managed to get himself elected, although not without the suspicion of bribery . He was elected consul alongside Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus , Caesar's father-in-law. During his term of office he aided Publius Clodius Pulcher in bringing about the exile of Marcus Tullius Cicero . Gabinius also managed to secure Syria as his proconsular province. In 57 BC Gabinius started his term as governor of Syria. Shortly after his arrival he marched his army south into Judaea , defeated
152-601: The Egyptian throne reached him. In 55 BC Pompey convinced Gabinius to march to Egypt to restore Ptolemy XII to his throne. Gabinius did so without the consent of the Senate. He succeeded after a short successful campaign, in which he was supported by the young cavalry officer Mark Antony . He left some of his troops, the so-called Gabiniani , in Egypt to protect Ptolemy XII. These Gabiniani fought against rebellious subjects of
171-597: The Judean throne. When Pompey arrived in Antioch in Syria, Aristobulus sent an official deputation, fearing the fortune he had spent to persuade Pompey's legates might be wasted, he accused Gabinius and Scaurus of accepting bribes. It is unknown if Pompey did anything with these accusations. In 61 BC, as praetor , tried to win public favour by providing games on a scale of unusual splendour. In 59 BC, Gabinius ran for one of
190-417: The army of Alexander , Hyrcanus II 's nephew, in a battle near Jeruzalem, and reinstated Hyrcanus II as high-priest of Jerusalem , He suppressed revolts, introduced important changes in the government of Judaea and rebuilt several towns. He also supported Mithridates IV in his struggle against his brother Orodes but abandoned Mithridates when the more lucrative offer of restoring Ptolemy XII Auletes to
209-480: The consent of the Senate and in defiance of the Sibylline Books , Gabinius was acquitted. It was said that the judges were bribed, and even Cicero, an enemy of Gabinius, was persuaded by Pompey to say as little as he could. On the second charge, that of repetundae (extortion during the administration of his province), with special reference to the 10,000 talents paid by Ptolemy XII for his restoration, he
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#1732772028603228-461: The consulship), was consequently dropped. Gabinius went into exile and his property was confiscated. After the outbreak of Civil War in 49 BC, Gabinius was recalled by Gaius Julius Caesar and entered his service, but took no active part against his old patron, Pompey. After the Battle of Pharsalus , he was commissioned to transport some recently levied troops to Illyricum . On his way overland, he
247-462: The king and later, after the king's death, against Gaius Julius Caesar . During Gabinius's time in Egypt, Syria had been devastated by robbers, and Alexander, son of Aristobulus , had again taken up arms with the object of depriving Hyrcanus II of the high-priesthood. Gabinius marched into Judea and defeated Alexander near Mount Tabor killing 10,000 of Alexander's men. With some difficulty Gabinius restored order in Syria, and in 54 BC handed over
266-466: The province to his successor, Marcus Licinius Crassus . The Roman equites (knights), who as tax collectors had suffered heavy losses during the disturbances in Syria, were greatly embittered against Gabinius, and, when he appeared in the Senate to give an account of his governorship, he was brought to trial on three counts, all involving a capital offence. On the charge of maiestas ( high treason ) incurred by having left his province for Egypt without
285-643: The sea and the coasts for 50 miles inland. Through Gabinius' two other measures, loans of money to foreign ambassadors in Rome were made actionable (as a check on the corruption of the Senate) and the Senate was ordered to give audiences to foreign envoys on certain fixed days (February 1 – March 1) each year. From 66–62 BC, during the final phases of the Third Mithridatic War , Gabinius served Pompey as
304-479: The two brothers quickly fell out, and Orodes revolted with the support of the Suren clan. They both assumed the title of King of Kings to demonstrate their claims of superiority over each other. This changed the meaning of the title; originally being used as a symbol of political dominance over other realms, the title became known as a symbol of power and legitimacy for contenders in a royal family. Mithridates IV
323-591: Was attacked by the Dalmatians and with difficulty made his way to Salona . There Gabinius defended himself against the attacks of the Pompeian commander, Marcus Octavius, but a few months later died of illness (48 BC or the beginning of 47 BC). Gabinius married a Roman noblewoman called Lollia from the Lollia gens , perhaps a daughter of Marcus Lollius Palicanus , tribune of the plebs in 71 BC. Lollia bore him
342-727: Was forced to flee from Parthia to Roman Syria . He took refuge with Aulus Gabinius , the Roman proconsul and governor of Syria. Mithridates IV then returned to invade Parthia with Gabinius in support. The Roman proconsul marched with Mithridates IV to the Euphrates , but turned back to restore another ruler, Ptolemy XII Auletes of Egypt , to his throne. Despite losing his Roman support, Mithridates IV advanced into Mesopotamia and managed to conquer Babylonia . He ousted Orodes and briefly restored his reign as king in 55 BC, minting coins in Seleucia until 54 BC. However, king Mithridates IV
361-458: Was found guilty, in spite of evidence offered on his behalf by Pompey and witnesses from Alexandria and the eloquence of Cicero, who had been induced to plead his cause. Nothing but Cicero's wish to do a favour to Pompey could have induced him to take on the task. Commentators hint that the half-heartedness of Cicero's defence contributed to Gabinius's condemnation. The third charge, that of ambitus (illegalities committed during his canvassing for
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