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71-591: The planning of a new airport began during the Roh Moo-hyun administration of 2003-2008 to aid in dispersing increasing air traffic from the Gimhae International Airport, which remains the only international airport in the southern region of South Korea. By 2012, the government under Lee Myung-bak abandoned plans to pursue a new airport in the region. This decision was challenged by then presidential canditate, Park Geun-hye , who stated

142-493: A category II instrument landing system , with plans to upgrade to a category III. The airport will host a ferry terminal to connect passengers to Ulsan , Haeundae , and Yeosu . An additional 16.53km of railway may also be built, which could be accessible via the Bujeon and Gyeongbu railway lines. The airport may also use the upcoming EMU-320 passenger train. An additional 9.8km of road will also be constructed to connect

213-582: A free trade agreement . In April 2007, Roh presided over an emergency meeting of his aides to discuss the diplomatic fallout from the massacre at Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the United States by a South Korean student, Cho Seung-hui , concerning its negative impact on South Korea-U.S. relations. They were discussing comprehensive measures to cope with the unprecedented incident, including issuance of presidential messages of apology and plans to prevent possible harassment of South Koreans living in

284-515: A suicide note on his computer. About 4 million people visited Roh's hometown Bongha Village in the week following his death. His suicide was confirmed by police. Public opinion on Roh has improved considerably since his death, which has taken into account his human rights background and national economic progress during his presidency. In a 2019 Gallup Korea poll, Roh was cited as the most popular president in South Korean history amongst

355-554: A campaign to overcome regionalism in Korean politics, but was defeated. His defeat in the election, however, proved fortuitous when his supporters formed Nosamo , the first political fan club in Korea. His supporters were inspired by his commitment to overcoming regionalism. In 2000, Roh was appointed Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries under Kim Dae-jung, and this position would constitute his major government experience prior to

426-472: A car accident. Roh studied on his own to pass the bar exam in 1975 (South Korea does not currently require bar examinees to have graduated from college, university, or law school). In 1977, he became a regional judge in Daejeon , but quit in 1978, and became a lawyer. In 1981, he defended students who had been tortured for suspicion of possession of contraband literature. Following this he decided to become

497-448: A duck farm and lived an ordinary life, sharing it through his blog. He also ran a website called "Democracy 2.0" to promote healthy online discussions. Fourteen months later, Roh was suspected of bribery by prosecutors, and the subsequent investigations attracted public attention. Roh committed suicide on 23 May 2009 when he jumped from a mountain cliff behind his home, after saying that "there are too many people suffering because of me" on

568-432: A human rights lawyer. In early 2003, he was quoted as saying, "After that defense, my life was totally changed. At first, even I couldn't believe that they had been tortured that harshly. However, when I saw their horrified eyes and their missing toenails, my comfortable life as a lawyer came to an end. I became a man that wanted to make a difference in the world." With fellow human rights lawyers, he pointed out that this case

639-480: A main enemy." In an address to the nation on 25 April 2006 regarding disputes over the Liancourt Rocks, Roh reaffirmed that he didn't seek another apology from Japan, but demanded that Japan take action in compliance with its past apologies. The then-Prime Minister of Japan Junichiro Koizumi characterized the speech as intended for domestic audiences. After leaving office, Roh retired to Bongha Maeul ,

710-566: A negotiation for the coalition. While the Uri Party grudgingly supported the President's proposal, a lawmaker defected from the party in protest of Roh's plan, and the loss of popularity was felt when the party suffered yet another complete defeat in the by-election on 26 October 2005, this time including one of the party's stronghold electoral districts. Roh's plan was scrapped, having failed to garner support from either political faction. Roh

781-593: A new airport was essential. During the Park Geun-hye administration, efforts were instead redirected to expansion of the Gimhae International Airport. In 2014, a government commissioned report indicated that a new airport in the Yeongnam region would be required as flights continued to increase. In 2013, Gimhae International Airport attracted 9.6 million visitors and was projected to be saturated by 2023. A debate began amongst cities such as Busan and Daegu about

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852-409: A pivotal role in the democratic protests which forced President Chun Doo-hwan to claim democratic elections in 1987, marking the transition from military dictatorship ( Third and Fifth republic) to democracy . Members of the 386 generation now comprise much of the elite of South Korean society. Kim Dae-jung benefitted from widespread 386er support, but it is the election of Roh Moo-hyun who

923-410: A recasting of the relationship with the United States and Japan. As his policy for eradicating corruption inside the government had included many administrative reforms, he had to face high opposition. During the reformation of the prosecution, to resolve the opposition, he suggested a TV forum. The prosecutors insisted that Roh appointed the major positions of the prosecutor's office without consulting

994-561: A result, many of Roh's policies, such as a plan to move the capital of South Korea and a plan to form a coalition with the opposition, made little progress. Because of his poor performance in economy and diplomacy, Roh was not a popular president, having the worst approval rating on average ever recorded in South Korean political history. His economic policy was often criticized for persisting with certain obsolete economic views and failing certain livelihood issues. After leaving office, Roh returned to his hometown of Bongha Maeul . He ran

1065-540: A small village in his hometown. This marked a break with previous custom, where former presidents retired to heavily guarded houses in Seoul. Bongha – a village of 121 people – became a major tourist attraction due to Roh's presence. On 4 December 2008, Roh Moo-hyun's elder brother, Roh Gun-Pyeong, was indicted on charges of illegally taking 3 million won ($ 3,000) from former Daewoo Engineering & Construction and imprisoned. On 7 April 2009, Chung Sang-Moon,

1136-443: A year, and drastically increased spending by increasing the size of the civil service by more than 95,700 new hires, or approximately 60 people a day. Criticism of lax discipline among the civil service and police force was high during his government. The remainder of Roh's term was characterized by a number of campaigns pursued to varying degrees of success and completion. One of the more successful campaigns (at least during his term)

1207-646: Is currently the main opposition party in the National Assembly. Roh's ambitious initial promises to establish Korea as an international business hub in Asia faded soon after his election. Instead, Korea under Roh suffered negative publicity in the foreign business community due to prosecutorial investigations on the purchase and sale of Korea Exchange Bank by the Lone Star Fund, spurring foreign investors to join their domestic counterparts in leaving

1278-454: Is not only because we now work together, but also because I could relieve a burden in my mind that I have been carrying (since we separated)." Roh returned to office in 1998, when Lee Myung-bak resigned his seat because of a violation of election law, winning a seat in the ensuing by-election . In 2000, Roh ran for the National Assembly representing Buk-gu and Gangseo-gu in Busan as part of

1349-505: The 2030 World Expo (later lost to Riyadh ). Opening of the second runway is scheduled for 2031. The airport will include a 3,500-meter (11,500 ft) runway, designed to accommodate larger freighter models including the Boeing 747-400F . It will have parking lots for 10,718 cars and an airport apron to hold 58 aircraft. It will have two taxiways , six rapid-exit taxiways , and four right-angle taxiways. The airport will be designed with

1420-653: The Democratic Liberal Party , a forerunner of the Grand National Party . Roh did not participate in the party and he criticized it as "betrayal against the democracy movement". In 1991, before the election of the national assembly, the Weekly Chosun posted an article that alleging that Roh was a politician with hidden wealth. Roh sued the company for defamation and won, but lost the election for his seat. Having lost his seat in

1491-615: The KORUS FTA . In 2004, the Roh administration reached an agreement with the US to move out all US forces in the capital to Camp Humphreys , a rural area far away from the capital or major cities, as he deemed the USFK 's presence in the capital unnecessary and harming its reputation and development. In February 2006, Roh announced that South Korea would initiate negotiations with the United States for

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1562-539: The Liancourt Rocks . Another sensitive issue, former Prime Minister of Japan Junichiro Koizumi 's repeated visits to Yasukuni Shrine were harshly criticized in South Korea, and Roh declared no further meetings with Koizumi would take place unless he stopped visiting the shrine. According to Rep. Chung Mong-joon , former leader of the ruling Saenuri Party, "The Roh Moo-hyun administration proposed that

1633-660: The "Participatory Government," and entered office intent on introducing an ambitious new agenda. Policy goals for the Roh administration included the continuance of the Sunshine Policy of engagement towards North Korea, the establishment of Korea as a business hub in Northeast Asia, the expansion of social welfare, the pursuit of "balanced national development" to help underdeveloped areas, the eradication of corruption, reform of education and tax systems, reform of labor -management relations, reform of mass media, and

1704-463: The 1960s who were very active politically as young adults, and instrumental in the democracy movement of the 1980s . The 386 Generation takes a critical view of the United States and a sympathetic view of North Korea. The Hankyoreh , a South Korean left-liberal newspaper, reported that right-wing conservatives in Japan perceive the 386 generation as being " anti-Japanese ". The term was coined in

1775-607: The 1992 Assembly elections, he later ran for the mayorship of Busan in 1995, where he lost again. Shortly after the election, Kim Dae-jung founded the National Congress for New Politics , but Roh did not join. In 1996, he ran for the Assembly seat for Jongno-gu in Seoul , losing to another future president, Lee Myung-bak . Roh founded the new party with Lee Bu-Yeong, Lee Chul, Kim Won-Gi, and Kim Jeong-Gil, but before

1846-408: The 23 electoral districts, Uri Party lost its majority in the National Assembly. Facing the outcome of his unpopularity, Roh took a rather strange measure to manage the government when he proposed a grand coalition with the opposition Grand National Party. Roh's rationale was that since it was impossible to continue his presidency with an approval rate of around 20 percent, a grand coalition comprising

1917-489: The Acting President. The National Assembly's attempt to impeach Roh was largely opposed by the public. From 12 March 2004, to 27 March, protest against the impeachment motion was led by 'citizen's movement for eradicating corruption'. According to the police, 50,000 people gathered to protest on 13 March alone. Although Roh's popularity had hovered around 30%, the impeachment was taken as a power struggle against

1988-480: The Assembly voted to impeach him for illegal electioneering on 12 March 2004. The vote was 193–2 (Uri Party members abstained from the vote). Roh's supporters physically blocked the motion for three days in open combat, and had to be hauled out by security guards. Roh's executive power was suspended pending a final decision by the Constitutional Court, and Prime Minister Goh Kun ran the country as

2059-525: The Chungcheong region of the benefits of the move. After much controversy, the Constitutional Court obviated Roh's plans by ruling that the relocation of the capital was unconstitutional because it 'opposes the custom that has to be considered as the constitution', thus inflicting a huge blow to Roh's political standing. Roh's plan was then amended to the creation of an "administrative capital," though this plan has also not yet seen completion. The issue of

2130-540: The Millennium Democratic Party in 2003 to form a new party, the Uri Party ( 열린우리당 ; lit.  "Our Open Party"). Directly ahead of the National Assembly elections, Roh voiced support for the Uri Party, which constituted a technical violation of Constitutional provisions mandating presidential impartiality. After Roh refused to apologize, led by the opposition parties holding the majority,

2201-525: The Roh administration continued to demand a South Korean trial, although the incident occurred 'on duty' (as part of a convoy) and thus was an American responsibility under the Status of Forces Agreement between the United States and South Korea. However, except for the policy toward the North Korea, Roh was supportive toward the United States. Roh endeavored to improve relations with North Korea, becoming

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2272-656: The U.S. define Japan as a hypothetical enemy," at the Korea-U.S. Security Consultative Meeting in Seoul in October 2005. "President Roh proposed it because the general public had bad feelings against Japan and Korea had a territorial dispute over the Dokdo islets with Japan, Washington was very embarrassed since it had hoped Korea and Japan would go hand-in-hand as free and democratic countries. A hypothetical enemy in English implies

2343-477: The United States. Roh issued two messages of condolence already on 17 April 2007. Former Secretary of Defense Robert Gates described Roh as "anti-American and probably a little crazy" in his book titled Duty , and professed astonishment at Roh telling him at the meeting in November 2007 that "the two biggest security threats in Asia were the United States and Japan". South Korea's relationship with Japan

2414-544: The Uri party and the Grand National Party was desirable, and that the difference between both parties in terms of political agendas was actually minute. Roh promised he would yield much of his power and might even resign from office if a grand coalition was successfully launched. Roh's proposal for the grand coalition stirred yet another national controversy. Many called his plan "reckless and completely ignorant" of

2485-520: The Uri party as a member, officially making the Uri party as the ruling party. It was the first time that a liberal party achieved a majority in the National Assembly. As a part of his balanced national development campaign to reverse the concentration of wealth in Seoul, Roh also pursued a plan to relocate the capital 100 miles away to South Chungcheong Province , ostensibly to relieve congestion. Roh had made this promise during his campaign, and pursued its fulfillment, despite convincing few voters outside

2556-489: The achievements of his government in increasing national competitiveness, strengthening the economy. This somewhat cavalier attitude led to his Uri Party suffering consecutive defeats in the Assembly, before eventually collapsing. Roh's unpopularity had become a liability for his party, and a new party was needed to disassociate from him. The Uri Party would thus be revamped and renamed as the Democratic Party , and

2627-599: The airport to the existing expressway. The name of the airport has yet to be officially determined. It has been proposed that the airport be named the "Yi Sun-sin International Airport". The name refers to Yi Sun-sin , a 16th century Korean admiral and military general. If adopted, it would be the first airport in South Korea named after a historic figure. Roh Moo-hyun Roh Moo-hyun GOM ( Korean :  노무현 ; Korean pronunciation: [no muçʌn] ; 1 September 1946 – 23 May 2009)

2698-411: The country. When housing prices soared, to prevent speculative bubble like Japanese asset price bubble crisis, Roh introduced additional 1~3% of property tax on real estate exceeding 600 million won (about 600,000US$ ). This efficiently slowed down the bubble, but this policy met high opposition from the richest who had to pay higher tax. At the same time, Roh also increased welfare spending by 18%

2769-471: The development of the new international airport and plans for a new airport were announced. The plans included construction of South Korea's first floating airport which would be located both on the land and sea off the island of Gadeok with a proposed opening in 2035. Construction is estimated to be over 13.7 trillion won ( US $ 10.64 billion). Opening of the first runway was later changed to 2029. The fast-tracking aimed to assist Busan in winning its bid for

2840-463: The early 1990s, in reference to what was then the latest computer model, Intel's 386 , and referring to people then in their 30s, having attended university in the 1980s, and born in the 1960s. This was the first generation of South Koreans to grow up free from the poverty that had marked South Korea in the recent past. The broad political mood of the generation was far more left-leaning than that of their parents, or their eventual children. They played

2911-404: The encouragement of his school teacher, he became the president of the school. As he entered Jin-yeong middle school, a writing contest was held to commemorate Syngman Rhee 's birthday. Roh tried to start a student movement against it, but was caught and suspended from the school. Roh Moo-Hyun decided to become a lawyer due to the influence of his elder brother who had studied law but had died in

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2982-616: The expense of good relations with the United States. Roh himself was the first South Korean president to be born after the end of Japanese rule in Korea . South Korea received the highest marks on the Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index under his administration. The value of the South Korean won against the US dollar was the strongest during his administration since 1997. Due to

3053-602: The first president to cross the border by foot and meeting Kim Jong Il . He dispatched the Zaytun Division to support the US in the Iraq War by carrying out peacekeeping and other reconstruction-related tasks. Roh explained the deployment as only a peacekeeping mission and claimed that such commitment was required to bring favor from the United States in resolving the North Korean nuclear crisis . He also pursued

3124-405: The former president himself on suspicion of receiving 1 million dollars in bribes from Park Yeon-Cha, a businessman close to the ex-President. Roh was subject to initial written questioning by prosecutors, before direct questioning, prior to which he apologized again to the public and stated that "he was overwhelmed by shame." Kang Kum-won was another Roh's long time supporter whose business

3195-401: The former secretary of Roh Moo-hyun, was arrested on charges. In early 2009, allegations of corruption had begun to surface regarding the former President's family and aides, eventually leading to the indictment of Roh's elder brother Roh Gun-Pyeong on suspicion of influence peddling. The investigation soon expanded to encompass Roh Moo-Hyun's aides, as well as other members of his family. As

3266-562: The general public. Roh was born into a poor farming family on 1 September 1946, in Pongha near Gimhae and Pusan , in what is now southeastern South Korea. His ancestor was in Dongyang , Zhejiang . His parents had three boys and two girls, and Roh was the youngest of his family. In 1953, he entered Dae Chang Elementary School. He received high grades, but was quite often absent from school to assist his parents. While in sixth grade, with

3337-416: The incident in political retribution. His lawyer's license was reinstated and he, along with Chun Jung Bae and Im Jong In, founded Haemaru Law firm. Roh was baptized as a Catholic (baptismal name: Justin) in 1986 but then lapsed while continuing to identify as a Catholic, though later years he was non-religious while practicing a form of Mahayana Buddhism . Roh entered politics in 1988 when he

3408-409: The investigation closed in on Roh's former secretary, Chung Sang-Moon, Roh announced on his website that "The accusation should be directed at our household, not Chung. Our household made the request, received money and used it." At the same time, Roh claimed that he himself had not known of the money transfer before his retirement. By May 2009, prosecutors had summoned Roh's wife, son, and eventually

3479-421: The location of a new airport. During the 2017 South Korean presidential election , Presidential candidate Moon Jae-in promised to build a new airport at Gadeokdo. During the 2021 mayoral by-election in Busan, both the ruling Democratic Party of Korea and opposition People Power party agreed on fast-tracking airport development. In April 2022, President Moon Jae-in stressed the importance of speeding up

3550-447: The personnel committee, and Roh answered that "The current members of the personnel committee themselves represent the old prosecution which has to be changed, if we do not change now, it would sustain the old prosecution at least few months." Three months into his presidency, he commented about the opposition problem, stating "I'm worrying the opposition that maybe I cannot continue the presidency while I get that much of it." That comment

3621-453: The political reform and the choice of the citizen, and Roh's popularity went up soon after the assembly's vote to impeach Roh. The results of the April 2004 parliamentary election showed public support for him, with the Uri Party winning a majority of seats. On 14 May 2004, the Constitutional Court overturned the impeachment decision, restoring Roh as president. After the incident, Roh joined

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3692-446: The presidency," and root out corruption, while condemning his opponents as hopelessly corrupt. In one speech to commemorate the 20th anniversary of Korea's "June Struggle" for democracy, Roh vehemently attacked critics who described him as incompetent, stating, "They even deal out the absurd rhetoric that they would rather have a corrupt administration than an inept one while openly revealing their true colors as forces of corruption and

3763-488: The presidency. Roh got public attention when he participated in candidate election of his party. The candidate election itself also got high public attention because it allowed the vote not only from the party members, but also the local citizens. At first, his approval rate was 10%, allowing much gap with leading candidate Lee In-Jae, but Roh constantly earned much supporters by his notable speeches, especially in Ulsan , and

3834-569: The presidential election, after the New Korea Party merged with the United Democratic Party , he decided to reconcile with Kim Dae-jung to 'bring the military government and their political heir into justice'. Subsequently, Roh reconciled with Kim when he endorsed his candidacy in the 1997 Presidential election . At the meeting, Kim Dae-jung welcomed Roh and his party saying "Today is a very pleasant day. That pleasure

3905-431: The presidential election. Roh's election was notable for the arrival in power of a new generation of Korean politicians, the so-called 386 Generation (people in their thirties, when the term was coined, who had attended university in the 1980s and who were born in the 1960s). This generation had been veterans of student protests against authoritarian rule and advocated a conciliatory approach towards North Korea, even at

3976-456: The previous administration and the rest of the world, while the domestic economy stagnated. At the same time regulations proliferated, investment capital exited the country, unemployment (especially among the young) increased, wealthy students flocked overseas as the education system stagnated, and housing prices in Seoul soared far beyond the reach of the average citizen. Roh responded by dismissing criticism as "shameless mudslinging," and touted

4047-432: The proposed "administrative capital" remains controversial as of 2010 in plans for Sejong City , the exact nature of which continues to be a politically divisive issue even within the ruling Grand National Party . With the controversies concerning the capital, perceptions of neglect and mismanagement of the economy had grown. Although exports performed at record levels and the economy grew, growth still lagged behind both

4118-589: The result of poll that Roh's approval rate was 41.7%, 1.1% higher than the Lee Hoi-chang , candidate of the opponent party, convinced the voters of his party. Roh won the presidency on 19 December 2002, by defeating Lee Hoi-chang with a narrow 2% margin of victory. At 2003, right before his inauguration, he described his plan as "I will root the method of discussion inside the government.", and added, "discussion should be familiarized until we are called 'Republic of discussion'." Roh dubbed his administration

4189-421: The security-driven dictatorships of the past. What's more, they label the democratic forces as being inept, plotting to rise to power on the back of the nostalgia for the development-oriented dictatorships of the past." 386 Generation The 386 Generation ( Korean :  386 세대 ; Hanja :  386 世代 ; RR :  sampallyuk sedae ) is the generation of South Koreans born in

4260-429: The sentiments of people still ailing from repeated political controversies and economic hardships. Many of the Uri party's supporters who identify as liberals were enraged at Roh holding that his party was not really different from the conservative opposition. The Grand National Party, enjoying relatively strong approval rate but still bent on revenge for the party's defeat in major elections, repeatedly declined to initiate

4331-424: The strong currency, for the first time in history, South Korea became the world's 10th largest economy and exceeded the $ 20,000 milestone in nominal GDP per capita during his administration. However, despite high expectations at the beginning of his presidency, Roh encountered strong opposition from both the opposition conservative Grand National Party and media, and he was frequently accused of incompetence. As

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4402-453: Was Roh's pursuit of an FTA with the United States , concluded in April 2007 after many months of negotiations by Kim Hyun-jong , the deputy minister for trade. As a result of the controversy concerning the capital, and public dissatisfaction of economic development, Uri party lost much of its popularity. When the Uri party was defeated in by-elections held on 30 April 2005, losing every one of

4473-466: Was a South Korean politician and lawyer who served as the ninth president of South Korea between 2003 and 2008. Roh's pre-presidential political career was focused on human rights advocacy for student activists in South Korea. His electoral career later expanded to a focus on overcoming regionalism in South Korean politics, culminating in his election to the presidency. He achieved a large following among younger internet users, which aided his success in

4544-504: Was forged, then claimed that the National Security Act (South Korea) itself should be judged. In 1985 he started to participate in civic movements by assuming permanent power of attorney on behalf of the Busan council of citizen democracy. He opposed the autocratic regime in place at the time in South Korea, and participated in the pro-democracy June Democracy Movement in 1987 against Chun Doo-hwan . The same year he

4615-400: Was in a healthy condition when Roh entered office. However, his first visit to the neighboring country in 2003 was scheduled on a date that coincided with Korean Memorial Day . During the visit, Roh proclaimed he would not seek any more apologies from Japan over its colonial occupation , in the hope of maintaining a friendly relationship between the two countries. Although Roh's proclamation

4686-657: Was invited by Kim Young-sam to join the Reunification Democratic Party ( 통일민주당 ). That same year, he was elected as a member of the National Assembly , representing Dong District, Busan . He came to wider public attention with his cross-examination of the government over political corruption allegations in a parliamentary hearing. In 1990, Kim Young-sam merged his party with the Democratic Justice Party to form

4757-484: Was jailed while investigating the cause of death of the Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering factory worker Lee Seok-Kyu, who had been killed by a stray police tear gas bullet while on strike. Roh was accused of 'unapproved interference in the case' and 'hindering the funeral'. Although he was released in twenty days because of public opinion against the arrest, his lawyer's license was revoked after

4828-520: Was made in good faith, some expressed concern that Japan may have interpreted this as the termination of its responsibility for the colonial past , and use it as an excuse to deny any claims for compensation that may arise in the future. Despite Roh's hope, relations with Japan deteriorated henceforth, in several areas of conflict such as compensation issues for comfort women , denial of the colonial past in Japanese history textbooks , and disputes over

4899-480: Was perceived as an anti-American before the presidential race, which was not a handicap during the presidential campaign. Public antipathy to the United States was prevalent in 2002, particularly evoked by the Yangju highway incident , where two South Korean middle school girls were crushed to death by a U.S. Army armored bridge-laying vehicle . The American soldiers involved were tried by a U.S. Army court martial, but

4970-873: Was quoted partly by conservative media, ('I cannot continue the presidency') and Roh was beset by skepticism about his ability and experience. Roh set the tone of his administration with a number of adventurous policies, and measures to uncover and reveal the names of the descendants of Japanese collaborators . The investigations, criticized by opposition parties as a covert means of attacking them, and coming too late to provide substantive redress, mostly resulted in damage to his own party members. Also in his first year in office, Roh announced S Korea's Free Trade Agreement Policy Roadmap. Roh successfully pushed for free trade agreements in spite of domestic opposition from his traditional leftist constituency (who denounced it as " neoliberal ") and various groups (particularly farmers) opposed to market opening. Roh and his supporters left

5041-444: Was under thorough investigation by The Supreme Prosecutors' Office (SPO). Even if Kang was Roh's closest long time supporter, he did not expand his business during Roh's presidency to avoid unnecessary suspicion of special benefits. However, his parole was denied during the investigation despite his terminal illness of brain cancer until Roh's death. Roh's investigation for corruption came after he had campaigned on pledges to "clean up

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