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19-632: Geoffrey O'Grady classified their language, Gajirrabeng or Gajirrawoong , as one of two Mirriwongic languages , the other being Miriwoong. More recent work has established it as a member of the Jarrakan group . Gajirrabeng is at severe risk of extinction, with no more than perhaps 2 or 3 native speakers by 2013. Frances Kofod compiled a dictionary of the language in 2007. Gadjerong lands encompassed 2,100 square kilometres (800 sq mi) in Norman Tindale 's reckoning. They ran westwards along

38-545: A bull in the 1952 Tucson Rodeo was used as stock footage and is included in the film Arena . He was a student at the University of Arizona from 1952 and obtained his PhD from Indiana University Bloomington in 1959 (thesis A Papago grammar ). He taught at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in 1961-63 and at the University of Arizona, Tucson in 1963-66. From 1967 he held a sequence of appointments at

57-488: A hundred million native speakers or only ten, is equally likely to yield linguistic insight. Hale was also known as a champion of the speakers of minority languages, and not just of their languages, for which his MIT colleague Noam Chomsky called him "a voice for the voiceless". In 1994, Hale served as the president of the Linguistic Society of America . At the society's annual meeting in 1995, Hale delivered

76-637: A major impact on the Gadjerong and other peoples of the east Kimberley area . They were dispossessed of parts of their traditional tribal land and many sacred sites were destroyed. In consequence they moved to the Aboriginal reserve in Kununurra . The extension of the principle of equal pay for equal work in 1969 to Aboriginal people also had a negative impact on peoples like the Gajirrawoong in

95-678: A presidential address on universal grammar and the necessity of linguistic diversity. Hale was also appointed to the LSA's Edward Sapir Professorship in 1995. In May 2003, after Hale's death, the LSA's executive committee established a professorship in field methods in his name for the biennial Linguistic Institutes. The Ken Hale Professorship was established to address the need for documenting and preserving endangered languages, and to make courses available that prepare linguistics students to investigate poorly documented endangered languages that may not be offered in their home institutions. In October 2016,

114-762: A rich language that could appropriate by assimilation and grammatical modification many concepts that were exclusive to the domain of Western civilisation. Over two months in March/April 1961, O'Grady and the visiting American linguist Ken Hale made a sweeping survey tour of coastal languages spoken from Port Augusta in South Australia to Broome in Western Australia , and managed to record significant quantities of material from 26 languages. Kenneth L. Hale Kenneth Locke Hale (August 15, 1934 – October 8, 2001), also known as Ken Hale ,

133-745: A short text from one of the few remaining native speakers of the Diyari language (spoken in northern South Australia) was the first research by a professional linguist into that language. Hale took care to educate native speakers in linguistics so they could participate in the study of their languages. Among his students are the Tohono O'odham linguist Ofelia Zepeda , the Hopi linguist LaVerne Masayesva Jeanne , Navajo linguists Paul Platero , MaryAnn Willie , and Ellavina Tsosie Perkins , and Wampanoag linguist Jessie Little Doe Baird . Hale taught every summer in

152-495: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology until his retirement in 1999. Hale was known as a polyglot who retained the ability to learn new languages with extraordinary rapidity and perfection throughout his life. As a child, in addition to English he learned both Spanish and the native American language Tohono O'odham. He learned Jemez and Hopi from his high school roommates and Navajo from his roommate at

171-556: The Navajo Language Academy summer school, even in 2001 during his final illness. In 1990 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences . Hale championed the importance of under-studied minority languages in linguistic study, stating that a variety of linguistic phenomena would never have been discovered if only the major world languages had been studied. He argued that any language, whether it has

190-540: The Kimberley region and the Northern Territory , since the managers of pastoral leases evicted the majority of Indigenous peoples on the land where they lived, with the collateral loss of employment and its substitution by welfare subsidies. Geoffrey O%27Grady Geoffrey O'Grady (1 January 1928 -29 December 2008) was a professor Emeritus of linguistics whose primary field of specialisation

209-635: The LSA launched a fellowship in honor of Hale to be awarded to a graduate student attendee of the Linguistic Institute pursuing a course of study in endangered language documentation. The first Ken Hale student fellowship was awarded at the 2017 Linguistic Institute to Ivan Kapitonov of the University of Melbourne. The LSA also has a Kenneth L. Hale Award , which has been presented occasionally since 2002 to those nominated scholars who have made substantial contributions to documenting endangered or extinct languages or family of languages. The award

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228-695: The University of Arizona. Hale managed in just one week to write up 750 pages of fieldwork notes on the Marra language alone in 1959. He became so fluent in Warlpiri that he raised his sons Ezra and Caleb to speak Warlpiri after his return from Australia to the United States. Ezra delivered his eulogy for his father in Warlpiri. Among his major contributions to linguistic theory was the hypothesis that certain languages were non-configurational , lacking

247-803: The east Kimberley, Lake Argyle , the Keep River and the Ord River Irrigation scheme . Another claim, determined in November 2006, covers 6,758 square kilometres (2,609 sq mi), with the Carlton Hill Station , Ivanhoe Station and the WA pastoral leases of the Rosewood Station . Exclusive possession was recognised across several community-leased areas. The implementation of the Ord River Irrigation scheme had

266-582: The mouth of Keyling Inlet. The Gajirrawoong people were represented in a successful native title claim by the Kimberley Land Council in two joint claims with the Miriuwung people, as "Miriuwung Gajerrong". The Federal Court recognised the native title rights of the two peoples on 9 December 2003, nearly ten years after the claim had been lodged. The claim covers 7,095 square kilometres (2,739 sq mi), and includes Kununurra in

285-577: The phrase structure characteristic of such languages as English. Hale was born in Evanston , Illinois. When he was six, his family moved to a ranch near Canelo in southern Arizona. He attended the Verde Valley School before Hale said he was "thrown out" for being too distracted by his study of languages, before transferring to Tucson High School. As a young man, Hale was an avid bull and bronc rider . A film clip of Hale being thrown from

304-593: The phrase structure characteristic of such languages as English. Non-configurational languages, according to Hale, display a set of properties that cluster together, including free word order , unpronounced pronouns and the ability to disperse semantically related words across a sentence. Much of his research in the last two decades of the twentieth century was devoted to the development of syntactic models that could explain why these properties cluster. Hale's ideas initiated an important research program, still pursued by many contemporary linguists. In 1960, Hale's recording of

323-675: The rich ecosystems of mangrove flat, waterholes, creeks and waterfalls along the coastal area from the mouth of the Fitzmaurice River as far as point where the Keep River flows out into the Joseph Bonaparte Gulf . Their inland extension, taking in also at Legune , went as far as the vicinity of Border Springs. They also frequented the offshore area of Quoin Island, and further north, Clump Island, and those off

342-641: Was Australian Aboriginal languages . O'Grady trained as a jackaroo and worked as a stockman at Wallal Downs station pastoral lease some 251 kilometres (156 mi) north-east of Port Hedland from 1949 to 1955. From 1952, he carried out linguistic studies, focusing particularly on the Nyangumarta language and people . Challenging the received notion that Aboriginal languages were lexically impoverished, O'Grady gathered some 4,000 roots which, together with Helmut Petri and Gisela Odermann 's list of 6,550 words compiled at Anna Plains , gave proof of

361-438: Was an American linguist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who studied a huge variety of previously unstudied and often endangered languages —especially indigenous languages of North America and Australia. Languages investigated by Hale include Navajo , O'odham , Warlpiri , and Ulwa . Among his major contributions to linguistic theory was the hypothesis that certain languages were non-configurational , lacking

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