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27-649: The ferry, formerly Chabanan Ferry circa 1795, was a major crossing between what was to become the states of Texas and Louisiana, across a point where the Gaines-Pendleton Bridge is now located, at the site of the old town of Pendleton, near Milam, Texas . The road leading to the ferry was part of the El Camino Real highway, a series of roads in Louisiana that converged at, or near, the crossing. The road ran from Natchitoches, Louisiana , across

54-588: A controlled storage capacity of 4,477,000 acre-feet (5.52 km ). Toledo Bend is the nation's only public water conservation and hydroelectric power project to be undertaken without federal participation in its permanent financing. Toledo Bend, with its 1,200 miles (1,900 km) of shoreline, offers a large variety of recreational activities and is a major element in serving the growing demand for water oriented outdoor recreation. Both private and public facilities are available for swimming, boating, picnicking, fishing, camping, hunting, and sightseeing. The reservoir

81-711: A disputed boundary, the issue was left unresolved by the Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, and the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States. The Neutral Ground (Louisiana) military agreement of 1806 created the Sabine Free State during the interim and the Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, that

108-411: A feasibility report was initiated and by 1959, the two states allocated 30 million dollars for the project. The land was acquired in 1963, with the work following the subsequent year. The Massman-Johnson Construction Company served as the general contractor, and by the completion of the project in 1969 (55 years ago)  ( 1969 ) , Texas' estimated share of the funds was $ 70 million. The dam

135-518: A female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 28.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.64. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 16.5% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 17.4% from 25 to 44, 33.3% from 45 to 64, and 28.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

162-412: A great uncle, Edmund Pendleton and cousins, Nathaniel Pendleton , John Penn , and John Taylor of Caroline , and was a distant cousin to James Madison . Edmund P. Gains was involved in the arrest and presentation for prosecution against Aaron Burr . Aaron Burr was the second cousin of Dr. Timothy Burr, the owner of Burr's Ferry, and founder of Burr Ferry , about 35 miles down river. Although history

189-412: Is a popular location for freshwater fishing with many clubs hosting tournaments. At present, the lake is best suited to shallow draft power boats due to a large number of trees and stumps that are still in the body of the lake. Although there are numerous well marked boat lanes that have been cleared of stumps and trees, one should use caution even on the boat lanes; one should use extreme caution when off

216-528: Is lacking on his education James Gaines was extremely well educated. Aside from owning a ferry, he also owned a mercantile store, an Inn, was a captain and raised and commanded Alabama and Coushatta Indians troops in the Gutiérrez-Magee expedition, fought in the War of 1812 , served as alcalde in 1824, sheriff in 1828, and was Post Master for years. Gaines was a leader in the forces opposing Haden Edwards in

243-657: Is the largest city in Sabine County. With an approximate settling date of 1828, it was originally dubbed Red Mound , but was renamed again in honor of Benjamin Rush Milam (a famous figure in the Texas Revolution ) when it became the municipal seat of Sabine County in 1836. Because an increasing number of residents wanted a more central location for the county seat, in 1858 they designated the newly platted town of Hemphill, Texas to fill that role. During

270-640: The Civil War , the Confederate Army Quartermaster for Sabine County served from Milam. According to the United States Census Bureau , the CDP has a total area of 33.4 square miles (87 km ), of which 32.8 square miles (85 km ) is land and 0.6 square miles (1.6 km ) (1.71%) is water. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to

297-740: The Constitution of the Republic of Texas . He then served as a senator in the Republic of Texas in the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth congresses, representing Shelby, Sabine, and Harrison counties. He owned and operated a hotel in Texas for a time then he decided to move to California. James Gaines decided to follow two sons Edmund and John B. and arrived on the steamer Ecuador in San Francisco on August 23, 1850. There they discovered gold and formed

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324-552: The Fredonian Rebellion and the brief Republic of Fredonia. After building the first house, purchasing the ferry, and building a second house for in-laws, he enlisted Thomas Stuart McFarland to survey for a town and named it Pendleton. He sold the ferry and lands in 1843, after owning it over 23 years, and moved to Nacogdoches , where he was a signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence and helped write

351-615: The Köppen Climate Classification system, Milam has a humid subtropical climate , abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. As of the 2020 United States census , there were 1,355 people, 641 households, and 452 families residing in the CDP. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,329 people, 608 households, and 424 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 40.5 inhabitants per square mile (15.6/km ). There were 1,010 housing units at an average density of 30.8 per square mile (11.9/km ). The racial makeup of

378-784: The Orange area often flooded from the Sabine, with destructive effects. Also, the considerations for municipal, industrial, agricultural, and recreational purposes were part of the reasons the Texas State Legislature formed the Sabine River Authority of Texas (SRA-T) in 1949, and in 1950 the Louisiana State Legislature created the Sabine River Authority, State of Louisiana (SRA-L) for the project. The two autonomous entities formed

405-834: The Sabine River Compact , a memorandum of agreement, approved by the Legislatures of the States of Texas (1953) and Louisiana (1954), The U.S. Congress, and the President. These organizations and the compact were a result of efforts that began with the Sabine River Watershed Association of Texas after World War II as well as citizens from Louisiana, to create a freshwater supply, that included hydroelectric power, as well as providing recreation. With both authorities in agreement, in 1955

432-572: The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster , some remains of the astronauts were recovered west of the Reservoir. Many communities were affected in the impacted parishes and counties. In Sabine Parish , there were several communities that included houses and other buildings such as schools and churches predominantly poor and minority, that were inundated. The water, normally covering an area of about 186,000 acres (750 km ) has

459-563: The poverty line , including 6.1% of those under age 18 and 11.9% of those age 65 or over. Milam is served by the Hemphill Independent School District . Toledo Bend Reservoir Toledo Bend Reservoir is a reservoir on the Sabine River between Texas and Louisiana. The lake has an area of 185,000 acres (750 km ), the largest man-made body of water partially in both Louisiana and Texas,

486-405: The CDP was 90.90% White , 7.07% African American , 0.45% Native American , 0.38% Asian , 0.08% Pacific Islander , 0.30% from other races , and 0.83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.35% of the population. There were 608 households, out of which 17.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.8% were married couples living together, 4.9% had

513-642: The Mount Gaines Gold Mine that still exist today. He died November 12, 1856, and was buried in Oakland, California. The ferry remained in operation until becoming unneeded in 1937 with the installation of a bridge on what was to become Texas Farm-to-Market #1 . The original house, built in 1815, was sold and became known as the Gaines-McGown House. It was destroyed in 1969 with the filling of Toledo Bend Reservoir . The second house

540-584: The Sabine via the ferry into Texas, through Milam, historic San Augustine and Nacogdoches and then to Mexico City. It was also referred to as the King's Highway, the Old San Antonio Road and also the El Camino Real de Los Tejas or El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail . The Sabine river was a matter of contention between countries, states, and governments for years. Long

567-535: The boat lanes and maintain a watch for stumps and/or trees as well as floating logs. The lake is home to the Toledo Bend Army Recreation Park. The park is located on the south end of the lake, and is available only to active and retired military personnel and government employees. The park offers a convenience store with well-maintained fleet of pontoon boats, bay boats, bass boats, kayaks, and canoes for rent. A developed beach area with

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594-561: The largest in the South, and the fifth largest by surface acre in the United States. The dam is capable of generating 92 megawatts of electrical power. The dam itself is located in the northeast corner of Newton County, Texas ; however, that county includes very little of the reservoir, as most of it extends northward into parts of Sabine and DeSoto parishes in Louisiana, and Sabine , Shelby , and Panola counties in Texas. The land along

621-405: Was 54 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.6 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $ 32,717, and the median income for a family was $ 38,077. Males had a median income of $ 27,159 versus $ 26,397 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $ 20,155. About 6.4% of families and 10.8% of the population were below

648-601: Was built by the two states, without any assistance from the federal government. Beginning in May 1963, land acquisitions for Toledo Bend Reservoir started as a joint management project of Texas and Louisiana River Authorities. Construction on the Toledo Bend Dam , spillway, and power plant, began on May 11, 1964. The closure section of the earthen embankment and impoundment of water was begun in October 1966. The power plant

675-600: Was completed and began operating in the early part of 1969. The Toledo Bend Project was constructed primarily for the purposes of water supply, hydroelectric power generation, and recreation. Toledo Bend Reservoir forms a portion of the boundary between the states of Texas and Louisiana. From the dam site, which is north of Burkeville , TX, the reservoir extends up the river for about 65 miles (105 km) to Logansport , LA, and inundates land in Sabine, Shelby, Panola, and Newton Counties, Texas, and Sabine and DeSoto Parishes, Louisiana. In 2003, during recovery operations following

702-515: Was not ratified until 1821, was supposed to be the solution. The Mexican independence of Texas from New Spain provided further fuel to the dispute, but this was settled with Texas's independence from Mexico. James Taylor Gaines was born November 14, 1776, Robert Thomas in Culpeper County, Virginia but changed his name in 1810. He was a member of the famed Pendleton family that included a double first cousin, General Edmund Pendleton Gaines ,

729-615: Was sold to Martha Oliphin and has become known as the Gaines-Oliphint House that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places August 18, 1977. Milam, Texas Milam is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sabine County , Texas , United States. It is located along the Sabine River at the junction of Highway 87 and Highway 21 . The population was 1,355 at the 2020 census. Milam

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