32-449: Gaṅgaikoṇḍa Chōḻapuram is a village located near to Jayankondam , Ariyalur district , Tamil Nadu , India. It became the capital of the Chola dynasty in c. 1025 by Chola emperor Rajendra I , and served as the capital for around 250 years. The town is about approximately 125 kilometres (78 mi) northeast of Tiruchirapalli international airport. As of 2014, the ancient city exists as
64-496: A buddha statue in Jayankondam and maintaining it till date. Dwajasthamba The dhvajastambha (ध्वजस्तम्भ) refers to the flagstaff erected in front of the mukhamaṇḍapa (front pavilion) of a Hindu temple. The dhvajastambha is usually built within the temple walls ( prākāra ). They are traditionally built of wood and stone, where the wooden variety is often finished with a metal covering ( kavaca ). The dhvajastambha
96-610: A heritage town in the Ariyalur district of Tamil Nadu, India. The great Arulmigu Peruvudaiyar Temple at this place is next only to the Arulmigu Peruvudaiyar Kovil at Thanjavur in its monumental nature and surpasses it in sculptural quality. It has been recognised as a World Heritage site by UNESCO. The city was founded by Rajendra I to commemorate his victory over the Pala Dynasty . The translation of
128-410: A number of courses, in fine lime mortar. The pillars were probably made of polished wood, supported on granite bases; a few pillar bases have survived to this day. Iron nails and clamps have been recovered from this palace site. There is a tunnel that links the palace and the temple inner 1st prakaara (north). In the reign of Virarajendra Chola , Rajendra's third son, the palace at Gangaikondacholapuram
160-430: A sex-ratio of 1,031 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 3,520 were under the age of six, constituting 1,866 males and 1,654 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 17.88% and 2.06% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 72.%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The town had a total of : 8664 households. There were
192-639: A short elephant passed by). The epigraphs also refer to the Madhurantaka Vadavaru , now called the Vadavaru, running about six kilometers east of the ruined capital. Madhurantaka Vedavaru, named after one of the titles of Rajendra I, was a source of irrigation to a vast stretch of land bordering the capital. An irrigation channel called Anaivettuvan is also mentioned. "Anaivettuvan" - Anai means irrigation (step irrigation) vettuvan means labour or engineer. There were both wet and dry lands inside
224-600: A total of 12,359 workers, comprising 611 cultivators, 1,386 main agricultural labourers, 1,004 in house hold industries, 7,592 other workers, 1,766 marginal workers, 87 marginal cultivators, 736 marginal agricultural labourers, 329 marginal workers in household industries and 614 other marginal workers. As per the religious census of 2011, Jayankondam (M) had 92.63% Hindus , 4.53% Muslims , 2.42% Christians , 0.06% Sikhs , 0.01% Buddhists , 0.01% Jains , 0.31% following other religions and 0.03% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference. Jayankondacholapuram
256-402: Is Tiruchirappalli International Airport , located 98 km away. Nearest seaport is Karaikal port . Gangaikonda Cholapuram capital of the Chola dynasty in c. 1025 during the reign of Rajendra Chola I , and served as the Chola capital for around 250 years. The village is the place near 8 km from Jayankondam. The city was founded by Rajendra Chola I to commemorate his victory over
288-459: Is 15 km from Jayankondam. The Lower Anaicut built by Sir Arthur Cotton in 19th century AD across Coleroon , the major distributary of Cauvery , is said to be a replicated structure of Kallanai .[4] Nearly 2000 families live in Anaikarai with the main occupation of agriculture and fishing. It is well known and place for river fishes PIN (Postal Index) Code for Jayankondam is 621802. Also
320-471: Is a massive statue of Nandi, the sacred bull of Shiva, in the central courtyard of the temple. The exquisite bronze statues of the Chola period are known the world over for their grace and lifelike appearance. Many beautiful figures of Nataraja, or the dancing Shiva, were made during the Chola era. The royal palace also was built of burnt brick. The ceilings were covered with flat tiles of small size, laid in
352-471: Is also found to highways named after Rajaraja and Rajendra as Rajarajan Peruvali and Rajendran Peruvali. Other streets mentioned in epigraphs are the ten streets ( Pattu teru ), the gateway lane ( Thiruvasal Narasam ) and the Suddhamali lane . The inscription also refers to the highways, Kulottungacholan Thirumadil peruvali , Vilangudaiyan Peruvali and Kulaiyanai pona Peruvali (the highway through which
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#1732765510984384-434: Is full name of Jayankondam. Original name is Nellimanagramam. The place was renamed as Jayankondacholapuram (ஜெயங்கொண்டசோழபுரம்) during the period of King Rajendracholan (ராஜேந்திரசோழன்) as they (Rajendra and his son) were victorious in many wars and campaigns. Jayankondam was established as town panchayat during British rule . Jayankondam was upgraded as second municipality of Perambalur district after Perambalur. Jayankondam
416-496: Is located at the distance of 247 km. Kumbakonam is to the south, around 29 km away from Jayankondam via the Neelathanallur-Mathanathur bridge. Ariyalur is 38 km to the west. Viruthachalam is 36 km to the north and Chidambaram is 50 km to the east. Jayankondam Town limit extends over an area of 28 km . According to 2011 census , Jayankondam had a population of 33,945 with
448-606: Is located in centre of town. TNSTC Jayankondam branch is under Trichy region of Kumbakonam Corporation. Government, Private buses operated to nearby towns Kumbakonam, Mayiladudurai, Virudhachalam, Trichy, Chidambaram, Cuddalore, Puducherry, Neyveli, Thanjavur, Ariyalur, Perambalur, Thuraiyur, Salem, Chennai, Coimbatore, Tiruppur, Palani, Madurai, Hosur, Banglore from Jayankondam busstand. Nearest Railway stations are Virudhachalam Junction railway station, located 40 km away, Ariyalur Railway station, located 38 km away, Kumbakonam Railway station, located 30 km away. Nearest Airport
480-495: Is made to Gangaikondacholamaligai at this place. It is likely that there were more than one royals building each having their own name. Besides the names of the palace and fort walls, the names of a few roads and streets are preserved in the epigraphs. The entryways named Thiruvasal, the eastern gate and the Vembugudi gate, evidently the south gate leading to the village Vembugudi situated in that direction are mentioned. Reference
512-399: Is referred to as Chola-Keralan Thirumaligai (Chola Keralan palace) evidently after one of the titles of Rajendra I. The same inscription mentions a few parts of the palace as adibhumi (the ground floor), Kilaisopana (the eastern portico), and a seat named Mavali vanadhirajan . Evidently the palace was multistoried. In an inscription dated in the 49th year of Kulothunga I (1119 CE) reference
544-721: Is second grade municipality. Jayankondam comes under the Jayankondam State Assembly Constituency and it elect a member to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years. Before 2009 Jayankondam came under Perambalur Lok sabha constituency. After 2009 Jayankondam comes under Chidambaram Lok sabha constituency. NH81 - Trichy - Jayankondam - Chidambaram, SH140 - Kumbakonam - Jayankondam - Virudhachalam, NH36 - Kumbakonam - Vikravandi, SH139 Jayankondam - Ariyalur, are major roads via Jayankondam. Jayankondam busstand
576-586: The Neyveli Lignite Corporation . This town has more than 25 temples of various historical periods in the vicinity. The existing Government Higher Secondary School at Jayankondam is as the old as the town and has nearly 2000 Students to its name. Jayankondam is well-connected with roadways. The national highway NH-81 passes through this town, connects Chidambaram and Tiruchirapalli . The state highway SH-140 which connects Virudachalam with Kumbakonam passes through this town. Chennai
608-462: The Fort, used for cultivation and other purposes. The present positions of the existing temples throw some light on the lay out of the city. With the palace as the centre to the city, the great temple, and the other temples in the city seem to have been erected. Towards the northeast ( Isanya ) of the palace is the great temple of Siva. The Siva temple according to Vastu and traditional texts should be in
640-529: The Ganges. He established Gangaikonda Cholapuram as his capital from the medieval Chola capital of Thanjavur , which would go on to become the capital for the next 250 years. Rajendra I built the entire capital with several temples using plans and infrastructure recommended in Tamil Vastu and Agama sastra texts. These included a Dharma Sasta , Vishnu and other temples. However, all of these were destroyed in
672-620: The Madurai Sultanate in 1378 and this temple along with other Chola era temples thereafter came under Hindu kings again who repaired and restored many of them. The temple has been re-consecrated in 2017 with installation of a dwajasthambam and performance of maha kumbhabhishekam . Chola rulers were patrons of the arts and architecture. They built the temple of Gangaikondacholisvara. The temple has sculptures of exceptional quality. The bronzes of Bhogasakti and Subrahmanya are masterpieces of Chola metal icons. The Saurapitha (Solar altar),
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#1732765510984704-589: The Pala Dynasty. The name means The town of the chola who took over Ganga (water from Ganga) or who defeated (the kings near) Ganga. It is now a small village, its past eminence only remembered by the existence of the great Brihadisvara Temple . The temple has been recognised as a World Heritage site by UNESCO Chola empire included the whole of southern India to the river Thungabadhra in the north. For administrative and strategic purposes they built another capital and named it Gangaikondacholapuram. Anaikarai
736-413: The city to the ground" to avenge their previous defeats. However, it is unclear why other temples were destroyed and this temple was spared, as well as why there are around 20 inscriptions from later Cholas, Pandyas and Vijayanagar Empire indicating various gifts and grants to this temple. An alternate theory links the destruction to the raids and wars, particularly with the invasion of the capital city and
768-594: The city's name may be split into Gangai ( Ganga )/ Konda (Obtained)/ Chola (Chola)/ Puram (City). Hence, it refers to the city of the Cholas built on a locale to commemorate the occasion when the water of the Ganga was obtained. It is now a small village, its past eminence only remembered by the existence of the Mahashiva Temple. The Chola Empire included the whole of southern India to the river Tungabhadra in
800-592: The following nearby post offices share the same pin Angarayanallur , Chinnavalayam, Kaluvanthondi, Karadikulam, Kilakudiyiruppu, Periyavalayam and Sengunthapuram . The Historical Shiva temple in Jayankondam was built by wife of Rajendra cholan (queen) for her personal worship during the king's victory celebration over Pala dynasty. Chola's also esteemed Buddhism, built several Buddha temples, they are now in Srilanka. Archeological department of India found
832-494: The intervening space (the core) being filled with sand. The bricks are fairly large in size and are made of well-burnt clay. The Tamil Nadu State Archaeological Department has taken up fresh excavations to probe a nearby village named Ayudhkalam which is believed to have weapon manufacturing workshops, as the name suggests. The surviving temple in Gangaikonda Cholapuram was completed in 1035 CE. Rajendra emulated
864-538: The late 13th and 14th centuries except the Brihadishvara temple. The other Chola landmarks are evidenced by soil covered mounds and excavated broken pillar stumps and brick walls found over an area of several kilometres from the surviving temple. The reasons for the city's destruction are unclear. According to Vansanthi, the Pandyas who defeated the Cholas during the later part of the 13th century "may have razed
896-455: The lotus altar with eight deities, is considered auspicious. The shiva lingam is made from single rock. The Chola rulers constructed enormous stone temple complexes with intricate carvings of Hindu gods. Rajaraja I built the famous Brihdrishvara temple at Thanjavur, which is about 50 km away from city of Gangaikonda Cholapuram, between 1003 and 1010 CE. Shiva is worshipped here. The grandeur of this temple has not been diminished by age. There
928-457: The north. For administrative and strategic purposes, they built a new capital and named it Gangaikonda Cholapuram. The city seems to have had two fortifications, one inner and the other outer. The outer was probably wider. The remains of the outer fortification can be seen as a mound running all around the palace. Excavations suggest that the outer fortification was built of burnt bricks, was about six to eight feet wide. It consisted of two walls,
960-545: The northeast of the city or village and should face east. The temple of Vishnu should be in the west. A number of small tanks and ponds mentioned in inscriptions and a number of wells, supplied drinking water to the residents. Jayankondam Jayankondam is a First Grade Municipality in Ariyalur district of Tamil Nadu in India. As of 2023, the town had a population of 46,000. Huge amounts of lignite deposits have been found here and power projects have been initiated by
992-416: The temple built by his father after his victory in a campaign across India that Chola era texts state covered Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and Bengal. After his victory, he demanded that the defeated kingdoms send pots of Ganges River water and pour it into the well of this temple. Rajendra I, according to Tamil tradition, thereafter assumed the name of Gangaikonda Cholan, meaning the one who conquered
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1024-807: The territories that were earlier a part by the Chola Empire along with Madurai by the armies of Delhi Sultanate led by the Muslim commander Malik Kafur in 1311, followed by Khusrau Khan in 1314 and Muhammad bin Tughlaq in 1327. The period that followed saw wars between the Hindu kings and the Muslim Sultans who seceded the Delhi Sultanate and carved out new polity such as the nearby Madurai Sultanate (1335–1378). The Vijayanagara Empire defeated
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